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Castro-Zaballa S, González J, Cavelli M, Mateos D, Pascovich C, Tort A, Hunt MJ, Torterolo P. Cortical high-frequency oscillations (≈ 110 Hz) in cats are state-dependent and enhanced by a subanesthetic dose of ketamine. Behav Brain Res 2024; 476:115231. [PMID: 39218075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist that has antidepressant and anesthetic properties. At subanesthetic doses, ketamine induces transient psychosis in humans, and is used to model psychosis in experimental animals. In rodents, subanesthetic doses of ketamine increase the power of high-frequency oscillations (HFO, > 100 Hz) in the electroencephalogram (EEG), a frequency band linked to cognitive functions. However, to date, the effects of ketamine in carnivores and primates have been poorly investigated. Here, we examined in the cat, cortical HFO during wakefulness, sleep, and after administering a sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine. Four cats were prepared with cortical electrodes for chronic polysomnographic recordings in head-restrained conditions. The cortical HFO power, connectivity, direction of the information flow using Granger Causality (GC) analysis, their relationships with respiratory activity, and the effect of auditory stimulation were analyzed. During wakefulness, but not during sleep, we found that HFO were coupled with the inspiratory phase of the respiration. After ketamine administration, HFO power was enhanced and remained associated with the inspiratory phase. GC analysis suggests that ketamine-enhanced HFO originate from the olfactory bulb (OB) and stream towards the prefrontal cortex (Pf). Accordingly, occluding the nostrils significantly reduced the power of the ketamine-enhanced HFO in both the OB and Pf. Finally, auditory stimulation did not affect HFO. In conclusion, the HFO are associated with respiration during wakefulness, but not during sleep. The enhancement of this rhythm by ketamine may disrupt cortical information processing, which could contribute to some of the neuropsychiatric effects associated with ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Castro-Zaballa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Joaquín González
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Matías Cavelli
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
| | - Diego Mateos
- Consejo Nacional Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos (FCyT-UADER), Entre Ríos, Argentina; Instituto de Matemática Aplicada del Litoral (IMAL-CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Achucarro Basque Centre for Neuroscience, Spain
| | - Claudia Pascovich
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Consciousness and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano Tort
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Pablo Torterolo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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2
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Mondino A, González J, Li D, Mateos D, Osorio L, Cavelli M, Castro-Nin JP, Serantes D, Costa A, Vanini G, Mashour GA, Torterolo P. Urethane anaesthesia exhibits neurophysiological correlates of unconsciousness and is distinct from sleep. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:483-501. [PMID: 35545450 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Urethane is a general anaesthetic widely used in animal research. The state of urethane anaesthesia is unique because it alternates between macroscopically distinct electrographic states: a slow-wave state that resembles non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and an activated state with features of both REM sleep and wakefulness. Although it is assumed that urethane produces unconsciousness, this has been questioned because of states of cortical activation during drug exposure. Furthermore, the similarities and differences between urethane anaesthesia and physiological sleep are still unclear. In this study, we recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram in chronically prepared rats during natural sleep-wake states and during urethane anaesthesia. We subsequently analysed the power, coherence, directed connectivity and complexity of brain oscillations and found that EEG under urethane anaesthesia has clear signatures of unconsciousness, with similarities to other general anaesthetics. In addition, the EEG profile under urethane is different in comparison with natural sleep states. These results suggest that consciousness is disrupted during urethane. Furthermore, despite similarities that have led others to conclude that urethane is a model of sleep, the electrocortical traits of depressed and activated states during urethane anaesthesia differ from physiological sleep states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Mondino
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquín González
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Duan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Diego Mateos
- Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Coast-CONICET-UNL, CCT CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Entre Ríos, Parana, Argentina
| | - Lucía Osorio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías Cavelli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Castro-Nin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Serantes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alicia Costa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Giancarlo Vanini
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - George A Mashour
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
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3
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Sleep/wake changes in perturbational complexity in rats and mice. iScience 2023; 26:106186. [PMID: 36895652 PMCID: PMC9988678 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the level of consciousness is assessed by quantifying the spatiotemporal complexity of cortical responses using Perturbational Complexity Index (PCI) and related PCIst (st, state transitions). Here we validate PCIst in freely moving rats and mice by showing that it is lower in NREM sleep and slow wave anesthesia than in wake or REM sleep, as in humans. We then show that (1) low PCIst is associated with the occurrence of an OFF period of neuronal silence; (2) stimulation of deep, but not superficial, cortical layers leads to reliable PCIst changes across sleep/wake and anesthesia; (3) consistent PCIst changes are independent of which single area is being stimulated or recorded, except for recordings in mouse prefrontal cortex. These experiments show that PCIst can reliably measure vigilance states in unresponsive animals and support the hypothesis that it is low when an OFF period disrupts causal interactions in cortical networks.
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4
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Respiratory influence on brain dynamics: the preponderant role of the nasal pathway and deep slow regime. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:23-35. [PMID: 35768698 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
As a possible body signal influencing brain dynamics, respiration is fundamental for perception, cognition, and emotion. The olfactory system has recently acquired its credentials by proving to be crucial in the transmission of respiratory influence on the brain via the sensitivity to nasal airflow of its receptor cells. Here, we present recent findings evidencing respiration-related activities in the brain. Then, we review the data explaining the fact that breathing is (i) nasal and (ii) being slow and deep is crucial in its ability to stimulate the olfactory system and consequently influence the brain. In conclusion, we propose a possible scenario explaining how this optimal respiratory regime can promote changes in brain dynamics of an olfacto-limbic-respiratory circuit, providing a possibility to induce calm and relaxation by coordinating breathing regime and brain state.
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Farrokhi A, Tafakori S, Daliri MR. Dynamic theta-modulated high frequency oscillations in rat medial prefrontal cortex during spatial working memory task. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113912. [PMID: 35835179 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of oscillatory rhythms at different frequencies is considered to provide a neuronal mechanism for information processing and transmission. These interactions have been suggested to have a vital role in cognitive functions such as working memory and decision-making. Here, we investigated the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which is known to have a critical role in successful execution of spatial working memory tasks. We recorded local field potential oscillations from mPFC while rats performed a delayed-non-match-to-place (DNMTP) task. In the DNMTP task, the rat needed to decide actively about the pathway based on the information remembered in the first phase of each trial. Our analysis revealed a dynamic phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between theta and high frequency oscillations (HFOs). This dynamic coupling emerged near the turning point and diminished afterward. Further, theta activity during the delay period, which is thought of as the maintenance phase, in the absence of the coupling, can predict task completion time. We previously reported diminished rat performance in the DNMTP task in response to electromagnetic radiation. Here, we report an increase in the theta rhythm during delay activity besides diminishing the coupling after electromagnetic radiation. These findings suggest that the different roles of the mPFC in working memory could be supported by separate mechanisms: Theta activity during the delay period for information maintenance and theta-HFOs phase-amplitude coupling relating to the decision-making procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Farrokhi
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Lab., Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Shiva Tafakori
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Lab., Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Lab., Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114 Iran.
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6
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Gonzalez J, Mateos D, Cavelli M, Mondino A, Pascovich C, Torterolo P, Rubido N. Low frequency oscillations drive EEG’s complexity changes during wakefulness and sleep. Neuroscience 2022; 494:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Despite the fact that medical properties of Cannabis have been recognized for more than 5000 years, the use of Cannabis for medical purposes have recently reemerged and became more accessible. Cannabis is usually employed as a self-medication for the treatment of insomnia disorder. However, the effects of Cannabis on sleep depend on multiple factors such as metabolomic composition of the plant, dosage and route of administration. In the present chapter, we reviewed the main effect Cannabis on sleep. We focused on the effect of "crude or whole plant" Cannabis consumption (i.e., smoked, oral or vaporized) both in humans and experimental animal models.The data reviewed establish that Cannabis modifies sleep. Furthermore, a recent experimental study in animals suggests that vaporization (which is a recommended route for medical purposes) of Cannabis with high THC and negligible CBD, promotes NREM sleep. However, it is imperative to perform new clinical studies in order to confirm if the administration of Cannabis could be a beneficial therapy for the treatment of sleep disorders.
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Mondino A, Cavelli M, González J, Osorio L, Castro-Zaballa S, Costa A, Vanini G, Torterolo P. Power and Coherence in the EEG of the Rat: Impact of Behavioral States, Cortical Area, Lateralization and Light/Dark Phases. Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:536-556. [PMID: 33317018 PMCID: PMC7768537 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle is constituted by three behavioral states: wakefulness (W), non-REM (NREM) and REM sleep. These states are associated with drastic changes in cognitive capacities, mostly determined by the function of the thalamo-cortical system, whose activity can be examined by means of intra-cranial electroencephalogram (iEEG). With the purpose to study in depth the basal activity of the iEEG in adult rats, we analyzed the spectral power and coherence of the iEEG during W and sleep in the paleocortex (olfactory bulb), and in neocortical areas. We also analyzed the laterality of the signals, as well as the influence of the light and dark phases. We found that the iEEG power and coherence of the whole spectrum were largely affected by behavioral states and highly dependent on the cortical areas recorded. We also determined that there are night/day differences in power and coherence during sleep, but not in W. Finally, we observed that, during REM sleep, intra-hemispheric coherence differs between right and left hemispheres. We conclude that the iEEG dynamics are highly dependent on the cortical area and behavioral states. Moreover, there are light/dark phases disparities in the iEEG during sleep, and intra-hemispheric connectivity differs between both hemispheres during REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Mondino
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.); (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.O.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, 7433 Medical Science Building 1, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5615, USA;
| | - Matías Cavelli
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.); (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.O.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.C.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Joaquín González
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.); (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.O.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Lucía Osorio
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.); (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.O.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Santiago Castro-Zaballa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.); (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.O.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Alicia Costa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.); (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.O.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Giancarlo Vanini
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, 7433 Medical Science Building 1, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5615, USA;
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.); (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.O.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.C.)
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9
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Communication Through Coherence by Means of Cross-frequency Coupling. Neuroscience 2020; 449:157-164. [PMID: 32926953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The theory of communication through coherence (CTC) posits the synchronization of brain oscillations as a key mechanism for information sharing and perceptual binding. In a parallel literature, hippocampal theta activity (4-10 Hz) has been shown to modulate the appearance of neocortical fast gamma oscillations (100-150 Hz), a phenomenon known as cross-frequency coupling (CFC). Even though CFC has also been previously associated with information routing, it remains to be determined whether it directly relates to CTC. In particular, for the theta-fast gamma example at hand, a critical question is to know if the phase of the theta cycle influences gamma synchronization across the neocortex. To answer this question, we combined CFC (modulation index) and CTC (phase-locking value) metrics in order to detect the modulation of the cross-regional high-frequency synchronization by the phase of slower oscillations. Upon applying this method, we found that the inter-hemispheric synchronization of neocortical fast gamma during REM sleep depends on the instantaneous phase of the theta rhythm. These results show that CFC is likely to aid long-range information transfer by facilitating the synchronization of faster rhythms, thus consistent with classical CTC views.
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Silva-Pérez M, Sánchez-López A, Pompa-Del-Toro N, Escudero M. Identification of the sleep-wake states in rats using the high-frequency activity of the electroencephalogram. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13233. [PMID: 33200511 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electroencephalographic signal constitutes the main sign classically used for the identification of states of alertness. However, activities in the high frequency (>100 Hz) range have not been properly studied despite their high potential for sleep scoring in rodents. In the present study, we designed a method for the identification of the sleep-wake states in rats by exclusively using high-frequency activities of the electroencephalogram. By calculating the ratio between the amplitude of the electroencephalographic signal from 110 to 200 Hz and from 110 to 300 Hz, we obtained an index that had values that were low during wakefulness, intermediate during non-REM sleep and high during REM sleep. This high-frequency index (HiFI) allowed the identification of each state without the need to study other signs such as muscle activity or eye movements. To evaluate the performance of the index, we compared it with the conventional scoring of the sleep-wake cycle based upon the study of the electromyogram and delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (6-9 Hz) and sigma (10-14 Hz) bands of the electroencephalogram. The index had an accuracy of 90.43 ± 1.91% (Cohen's kappa value of 0.82), confirming that the study of the high-frequency activities of the electroencephalogram was sufficient to reliably identify alertness states in the rat. Compared to other sleep-scoring methods, the HiFI has several advantages. It only requires one electroencephalography electrode, thus reducing the severity of the surgical preparation of the experimental animal, and its calculation is very simple, so it can be easily implemented online to classify sleep-wake states in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Silva-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Alvaro Sánchez-López
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Miguel Escudero
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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11
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Peyron C, Arthaud S, Villalba M, Fort P. Defining and measuring paradoxical (REM) sleep in animal models of sleep disorders. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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de Camp NV, Ladwig-Wiegard M, Geitner CIE, Bergeler J, Thöne-Reineke C. EEG based assessment of stress in horses: a pilot study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8629. [PMID: 32435527 PMCID: PMC7227666 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As has been hypothesized more than 20 years ago, data derived from Electroencephalography (EEG) measurements can be used to distinguish between behavioral states associated with animal welfare. In our current study we found a high degree of correlation between the modulation index of phase related amplitude changes in the EEG of horses (n = 6 measurements with three different horses, mare and gelding) and their facial expression, measured by the use of the horse grimace scale. Furthermore, the pattern of phase amplitude coupling (PAC) was significantly different between a rest condition and a stress condition in horses. This pilot study paves the way for a possible use of EEG derived PAC as an objective tool for the assessment of animal welfare. Beyond that, the method might be useful to assess welfare aspects in the clinical setting for human patients, as for example in the neonatal intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora V de Camp
- Behavioral Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mechthild Ladwig-Wiegard
- Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carola I E Geitner
- Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bergeler
- Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christa Thöne-Reineke
- Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Cavelli M, Castro‐Zaballa S, Gonzalez J, Rojas‐Líbano D, Rubido N, Velásquez N, Torterolo P. Nasal respiration entrains neocortical long‐range gamma coherence during wakefulness. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:1463-1477. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matías Cavelli
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Santiago Castro‐Zaballa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Joaquín Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Daniel Rojas‐Líbano
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Social Facultad de Psicología Universidad Diego Portales Santiago Chile
| | - Nicolas Rubido
- Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Física Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Noelia Velásquez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
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14
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Mazaheri A, Slagter HA, Thut G, Foxe JJ. Orchestration of brain oscillations: principles and functions. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 48:2385-2388. [PMID: 30276895 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mazaheri
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Heleen A Slagter
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gregor Thut
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John J Foxe
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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15
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González J, Cavelli M, Mondino A, Pascovich C, Castro-Zaballa S, Torterolo P, Rubido N. Decreased electrocortical temporal complexity distinguishes sleep from wakefulness. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18457. [PMID: 31804569 PMCID: PMC6895088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In most mammals, the sleep-wake cycle is constituted by three behavioral states: wakefulness (W), non-REM (NREM) sleep, and REM sleep. These states are associated with drastic changes in cognitive capacities, mostly determined by the function of the thalamo-cortical system. The intra-cranial electroencephalogram or electocorticogram (ECoG), is an important tool for measuring the changes in the thalamo-cortical activity during W and sleep. In the present study we analyzed broad-band ECoG recordings of the rat by means of a time-series complexity measure that is easy to implement and robust to noise: the Permutation Entropy (PeEn). We found that PeEn is maximal during W and decreases during sleep. These results bring to light the different thalamo-cortical dynamics emerging during sleep-wake states, which are associated with the well-known spectral changes that occur when passing from W to sleep. Moreover, the PeEn analysis allows us to determine behavioral states independently of the electrodes' cortical location, which points to an underlying global pattern in the signal that differs among the cycle states that is missed by classical methods. Consequently, our data suggest that PeEn analysis of a single EEG channel could allow for cheap, easy, and efficient sleep monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín González
- Universidad de la República, Departamento de Fisiología de Facultad de Medicina, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matias Cavelli
- Universidad de la República, Departamento de Fisiología de Facultad de Medicina, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Mondino
- Universidad de la República, Departamento de Fisiología de Facultad de Medicina, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Pascovich
- Universidad de la República, Departamento de Fisiología de Facultad de Medicina, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Castro-Zaballa
- Universidad de la República, Departamento de Fisiología de Facultad de Medicina, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Universidad de la República, Departamento de Fisiología de Facultad de Medicina, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Nicolás Rubido
- Universidad de la República, Instituto de Física de Facultad de Ciencias, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Cavelli M, Prunell G, Costa G, Velásquez N, Gonzalez J, Castro-Zaballa S, Lima MM, Torterolo P. Electrocortical high frequency activity and respiratory entrainment in 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson’s disease. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Carrera-Cañas C, Garzón M, de Andrés I. The Transition Between Slow-Wave Sleep and REM Sleep Constitutes an Independent Sleep Stage Organized by Cholinergic Mechanisms in the Rostrodorsal Pontine Tegmentum. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:748. [PMID: 31396036 PMCID: PMC6663996 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little information on either the transition state occurring between slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, as well as about its neurobiological bases. This transition state, which is known as the intermediate state (IS), is well-defined in rats but poorly characterized in cats. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that cholinergic stimulation of the perilocus coeruleus α nucleus (PLCα) in the pontine tegmentum of cats induced two states: wakefulness with muscle atonia and a state of dissociated sleep we have called the SPGO state. The SPGO state has characteristics in common with the IS, such including the presence of ponto-geniculo-occipital waves (PGO) and EEG synchronization with δ wave reduction. Therefore, the aims of the present study were (1) to characterize the IS in the cat and, (2), to study the analogy between the SPGO and the different sleep stages showing PGO activity, including the IS. Polygraphic recordings of 10 cats were used. In seven cats carbachol microinjections (20-30 nL, 0.01-0.1 M) were delivered in the PLCα. In the different states, PGO waves were analyzed and power spectra obtained for the δ, θ, α, and β bands of the EEG from the frontal and occipital cortices, and for the θ hippocampal band. Statistical comparisons were made between the values obtained from the different states. The results indicate that the IS constitutes a state with characteristics that are distinct from both the preceding SWS and the following REM sleep, and that SPGO presents a high analogy with the IS. Therefore, the SPGO state induced by administering carbachol in the PLCα nucleus seems to be an expression of the physiological IS of the cat. Consequently, we propose that the PLCα region, besides being involved in the mechanisms of muscle atonia, may also be responsible for organizing the transition from SWS to REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel de Andrés
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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18
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González J, Prieto JP, Rodríguez P, Cavelli M, Benedetto L, Mondino A, Pazos M, Seoane G, Carrera I, Scorza C, Torterolo P. Ibogaine Acute Administration in Rats Promotes Wakefulness, Long-Lasting REM Sleep Suppression, and a Distinctive Motor Profile. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:374. [PMID: 29755349 PMCID: PMC5934978 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibogaine is a potent psychedelic alkaloid that has been the focus of intense research because of its intriguing anti-addictive properties. According to anecdotic reports, ibogaine has been originally classified as an oneirogenic psychedelic; i.e., induces a dream-like cognitive activity while awake. However, the effects of ibogaine administration on wakefulness (W) and sleep have not been thoroughly assessed. The main aim of our study was to characterize the acute effects of ibogaine administration on W and sleep. For this purpose, polysomnographic recordings on chronically prepared rats were performed in the light phase during 6 h. Animals were treated with ibogaine (20 and 40 mg/kg) or vehicle, immediately before the beginning of the recordings. Furthermore, in order to evaluate associated motor behaviors during the W period, a different group of animals was tested for 2 h after ibogaine treatment on an open field with video-tracking software. Compared to control, animals treated with ibogaine showed an increase in time spent in W. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye movements (REM) sleep time. REM sleep latency was significantly increased in animals treated with the higher ibogaine dose. While the effects on W and SWS were observed during the first 2 h of recordings, the decrement in REM sleep time was observed throughout the recording time. Accordingly, ibogaine treatment with the lower dose promoted an increase on locomotion, while tremor and flat body posture were observed only with the higher dose in a time-dependent manner. In contrast, head shake response, a behavior which has been associated in rats with the 5HT2A receptor activation by hallucinogens, was not modified. We conclude that ibogaine promotes a waking state that is accompanied by a robust and long-lasting REM sleep suppression. In addition, it produces a dose-dependent unusual motor profile along with other serotonin-related behaviors. Since ibogaine is metabolized to produce noribogaine, further experiments are needed to elucidate if the metabolite and/or the parent drug produced these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín González
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - José P Prieto
- Departamento de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paola Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías Cavelli
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luciana Benedetto
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Mondino
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Pazos
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Seoane
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Carrera
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Scorza
- Departamento de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Castro-Zaballa S, Cavelli ML, Gonzalez J, Nardi AE, Machado S, Scorza C, Torterolo P. EEG 40 Hz Coherence Decreases in REM Sleep and Ketamine Model of Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:766. [PMID: 30705645 PMCID: PMC6345101 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive processes are carried out during wakefulness by means of extensive interactions between cortical and subcortical areas. In psychiatric conditions, such as psychosis, these processes are altered. Interestingly, REM sleep where most dreams occurs, shares electrophysiological, pharmacological, and neurochemical features with psychosis. Because of this fact, REM sleep is considered a natural model of psychosis. Ketamine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that at sub-anesthetic dose induces psychotomimetic-like effects in humans and animals, and is employed as a pharmacological model of psychosis. Oscillations in the gamma frequency band of the electroencephalogram (EEG), mainly at about 40 Hz, have been involved in cognitive functions. Hence, the present study was conducted to analyze the EEG low gamma (30-45 Hz) band power and coherence of the cat, in natural (REM sleep) and pharmacological (sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine) models of psychosis. These results were compared with the gamma activity during alert (AW) and quiet wakefulness (QW), as well as during non-REM (NREM) sleep. Five cats were chronically prepared for polysomnographic recordings, with electrodes in different cortical areas. Basal recordings were obtained and ketamine (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, i.m.) was administrated. Gamma activity (power and coherence) was analyzed in the abovementioned conditions. Compared to wakefulness and NREM sleep, following ketamine administration gamma coherence decreased among all cortical regions studied; the same coherence profile was observed during REM sleep. On the contrary, gamma power was relatively high under ketamine, and similar to QW and REM sleep. We conclude that functional interactions between cortical areas in the gamma frequency band decrease in both experimental models of psychosis. This uncoupling of gamma frequency activity may be involved in the cognitive features shared by dreaming and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Castro-Zaballa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías Lorenzo Cavelli
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquin Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Laboratório de Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurociência da Atividade Física, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratório de Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurociência da Atividade Física, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,The Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Merida, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Scorza
- Departamento de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,The Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Merida, Mexico
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