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Roh H, Kim W, Hwang SY, Lee MS, Kim JH. Altered pattern of theta and gamma oscillation to visual stimuli in patients with postconcussion syndrome. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:1240-1249. [PMID: 38691013 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00253.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Although many patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) suffer from postconcussional syndrome (PCS) including abnormal emotional responses, most conventional imaging studies fail to detect any causative brain lesion. We hypothesized that event-related electroencephalography (EEG) recordings with time-frequency analysis would show a distinguishable pattern in patients with mTBI with PCS compared with normal healthy controls. EEG signals were collected from a total of 18 subjects: eight patients with mTBI with PCS and 10 healthy control subjects. The signals were recorded while the subjects were presented with affective visual stimuli, including neutral, pleasant, and unpleasant emotional cues. Event-related spectral perturbation analysis was performed to calculate frontal midline theta activity and posterior midline gamma activity, followed by statistical analysis to identify whether patients with mTBI with PCS have distinct patterns of theta or gamma oscillations in response to affective stimuli. Compared with the healthy control group, patients with mTBI with PCS did not show a significant increase in the power of frontal theta activity in response to the pleasant stimuli, indicating less susceptibility toward pleasant cues. Moreover, the patient group showed attenuated gamma oscillatory activity, with no clear alteration in gamma oscillations in response to either pleasant or unpleasant cues. This study demonstrates that patients with mTBI with PCS exhibited altered patterns of oscillatory activities in the theta and gamma bands in response to affective visual stimuli compared with the normal control group. The current finding implicates that these distinguishable patterns of brain oscillation may represent the mechanism behind various psychiatric symptoms in patients with mTBI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with postconcussional syndrome (PCS) exhibited altered patterns of changes in oscillatory activities in the theta and gamma bands in response to visual affective stimuli. Distinguishable patterns of brain oscillation may represent the mechanism behind various psychiatric symptoms in patients with mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haewon Roh
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Young Hwang
- The Department of Biostatistics, Korea University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Soo Lee
- The Department of Psychiatry, Guro Hospital, Korea University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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LaCroix AN, Greene-Winek A, Simon S, Groth H, Ratiu I. A Verbal Card Sorting Task to Measure Executive Functions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 32:1698-1704. [PMID: 37276448 DOI: 10.1044/2023_ajslp-23-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is commonly used to measure nonverbal executive functions (EFs) in a variety of clinical populations. However, in some clinical populations (e.g., people with aphasia), deficits may be present in more linguistic (or verbal) domains and less pronounced in nonverbal domains. Thus, when determining possible deficits in these individuals, it is critical to assess both verbal and nonverbal cognitive abilities. The purpose of this study was to create a verbal card sorting task (VCST) to complement the WCST. METHOD We created the VCST by modifying a computerized version of the WCST, the Berg Card Sorting Task (BCST). We then compared 35 individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and 33 matched controls' performance on each task. We tested the VCST in individuals with mTBI first because they demonstrate impaired EFs but unimpaired language. We therefore expected the mTBI group to perform similarly on the VCST and BCST, suggesting that the two tasks measure EFs similarly. RESULTS In line with our hypothesis, the mTBI group had unimpaired inhibition and sustained attention but impaired shifting on each task. Component loadings for both tasks were also similar, and participants' inhibition and shifting scores positively correlated across the two tasks. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings suggest that the VCST is a potentially useful tool for measuring verbal EF deficits. Our results also provide important insights into the EF impairments experienced by individuals with mTBI. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23230475.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna N LaCroix
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Sandy Simon
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale
| | - Hannah Groth
- College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Ileana Ratiu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe
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Zhang J, Zhu C, Han J. The neural mechanism of non-phase-locked EEG activity in task switching. Neurosci Lett 2023; 792:136957. [PMID: 36347341 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Flexible switching between different tasks is an important cognitive ability for humans and it is often studied using the task-switching paradigm. Although the neural mechanisms of task switching have been extensively explored in previous studies using event-related potentials techniques, the activity and process mechanisms of non-phase-locked electroencephalography (EEG) have rarely been revealed. For this reason, this paper discusses the processing of non-phase-locked EEG oscillations in task switching based on frequency-band delineation. First, the roles of each frequency band in local brain regions were summarized. In particular, during the proactive control process (the cue-stimulus interval), delta, theta, and alpha oscillations played more roles in the switch condition while beta played more roles in repeat task. In the reactive control process (post-target), delta, alpha, and beta are all related to sensorimotor function. Then, utilizing the functional connectivity (FC) method, delta connections in the frontotemporal regions and theta connections located in the parietal-to-occipital sites are involved in the preparatory period before task switching, while alpha connections located in the sensorimotor areas and beta connections located in the frontal-parietal cortex are involved in response inhibition. Finally, cross-frequency coupling (CFC) play an important role in working memory among different band oscillation. The present study shows that in addition to the processing mechanisms specific to each frequency band, there are some shared and interactive neural mechanism in task switching by using different analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Chengdong Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiahui Han
- Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China.
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Wu S, Chen A, Cao C, Ma S, Feng Y, Wang S, Song J, Xu G. Repeated subconcussive exposure alters low-frequency neural oscillation in memory retrieval processing. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:398-410. [PMID: 35021889 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated subconcussive head impacts are frequently experienced by athletes involved in competitive sports, such as boxing. The objective of the present study was to investigate the changes in working memory performance and memory retrieval-related neural oscillations in boxing athletes who experienced repeated subconcussive head impacts. Twenty-one boxing athletes (boxing group) and twenty-five matched controls (control group) completed a modified visual working memory task, and their continuous scalp electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected simultaneously. The behavioral measures and retrieval-related low-frequency neural oscillations were analyzed at each working memory set size in both groups. Subjects in the boxing group showed a reduced mean accuracy, diminished capacity estimates, and slower reaction time at demanding set sizes and a marginally increased intraindividual coefficient of variation (ICV) for overall set sizes. Additionally, decreased event-related frontal theta synchronization, parieto-occipital alpha desynchronization, and frontal low beta synchronization were observed in the boxing group, suggesting underlying working memory dysfunction for efficient neurocognitive resource employment, inhibition of distracting stimuli, and post-retrieval control in the boxing group. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between frontal beta synchronization and reaction time for most set sizes in both groups. The present study was the first to reveal the underlying working memory deficits caused by the cumulative effects of boxing-related subconcussive head impacts from the perspective of behavior and EEG time-frequency oscillations. Joint analysis of EEG low-frequency oscillations and the innovative task with multiple challenging load conditions may serve as a promising way to detect concealed deficiencies within working memory processing. Keywords: repeated subconcussive head impacts, working memory, modified Sternberg task, event-related desynchronization, event-related synchronization, boxing athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukai Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, neurosurgery, Quanzhou, Fujian, China;
| | - Aobo Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China;
| | - Chenglong Cao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Neurosurgery, Guangzhou, China.,Maastricht University Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, 396107, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands;
| | - Shenghui Ma
- Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 481115, Wuhan, Hubei , China.,The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China;
| | - Yu Feng
- Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 481115, Wuhan, Hubei , China.,The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China;
| | - Shuochen Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China;
| | - Jian Song
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, neurosurgery, Wuhan, China;
| | - Guozheng Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China;
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Monroe DC, Blumenfeld RS, Keator DB, Solodkin A, Small SL. One season of head-to-ball impact exposure alters functional connectivity in a central autonomic network. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117306. [PMID: 32861790 PMCID: PMC7822072 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive head impacts represent a risk factor for neurological impairment in team-sport athletes. In the absence of symptoms, a physiological basis for acute injury has not been elucidated. A basic brain function that is disrupted after mild traumatic brain injury is the regulation of homeostasis, instantiated by activity across a specific set of brain regions that comprise a central autonomic network. We sought to relate head-to-ball impact exposure to changes in functional connectivity in a core set of central autonomic regions and then to determine the relation between changes in brain and changes in behavior, specifically cognitive control. Thirteen collegiate men's soccer players and eleven control athletes (golf, cross-country) underwent resting-state fMRI and behavioral testing before and after the season, and a core group of cortical, subcortical, and brainstem regions was selected to represent the central autonomic network. Head-to-ball impacts were recorded for each soccer player. Cognitive control was assessed using a Dot Probe Expectancy task. We observed that head-to-ball impact exposure was associated with diffuse increases in functional connectivity across a core CAN subnetwork. Increased functional connectivity between the left insula and left medial orbitofrontal cortex was associated with diminished proactive cognitive control after the season in those sustaining the greatest number of head-to-ball impacts. These findings encourage measures of autonomic physiology to monitor brain health in contact and collision sport athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Monroe
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Room 150 Med Surge I, Irvine, CA 92697-4275, United States.
| | - Robert S Blumenfeld
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Room 150 Med Surge I, Irvine, CA 92697-4275, United States; Department of Psychology, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, CA 91768, United States
| | - David B Keator
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, 163 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA 92697- 3960, United States
| | - Ana Solodkin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, B240 Medical Science, Irvine, CA 92697-4275, United States; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, GR 41, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Steven L Small
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Room 150 Med Surge I, Irvine, CA 92697-4275, United States; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, GR 41, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
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