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Ishizaka Y, Otsuka S, Nakagawa S. Relationships between the expectations based on the regularity of preceding sound sequences and the medial olivocochlear reflex. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304027. [PMID: 39018315 PMCID: PMC11253965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhythms are the most natural cue for temporal anticipation because many sounds in our living environment have rhythmic structures. Humans have cortical mechanisms that can predict the arrival of the next sound based on rhythm and periodicity. Herein, we showed that temporal anticipation, based on the regularity of sound sequences, modulates peripheral auditory responses via efferent innervation. The medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR), a sound-activated efferent feedback mechanism that controls outer hair cell motility, was inferred noninvasively by measuring the suppression of otoacoustic emissions (OAE). First, OAE suppression was compared between conditions in which sound sequences preceding the MOCR elicitor were presented at regular (predictable condition) or irregular (unpredictable condition) intervals. We found that OAE suppression in the predictable condition was stronger than that in the unpredictable condition. This implies that the MOCR is strengthened by the regularity of preceding sound sequences. In addition, to examine how many regularly presented preceding sounds are required to enhance the MOCR, we compared OAE suppression within stimulus sequences with 0-3 preceding tones. The OAE suppression was strengthened only when there were at least three regular preceding tones. This suggests that the MOCR was not automatically enhanced by a single stimulus presented immediately before the MOCR elicitor, but rather that it was enhanced by the regularity of the preceding sound sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishizaka
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sho Otsuka
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Med-Tech Link Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Jedrzejczak WW, Pilka E, Pastucha M, Skarzynski H, Kochanek K. Magnitude of medial olivocochlear reflex assayed by tone-burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions: reliability and comparison with click-evoked emissions. Int J Audiol 2024; 63:293-299. [PMID: 37129585 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2023.2207116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the magnitude of the medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) estimated by the reduction in tone-burst evoked otoacoustic emissions (TBOAEs) measured at three levels and at three frequencies in response to fixed contralateral white noise. Results were compared with commonly used click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs). DESIGN TBOAEs and CEOAEs, with and without contralateral 60 dB SPL white noise, were measured in response to stimulation at 55, 65, and 75 dB peSPL. In each subject, the set of measurements was performed twice. Of particular interest were the MOCR and its repeatability. STUDY SAMPLE 15 normally hearing persons (13 women, average age 32.3 years, SD = 8.1). RESULTS For both CEOAE and TBOAEs, the reliability of the MOCR was much better for broadband measurements than for half-octave-band filtered estimates. At the same time, the reliability of MOCR in half-octave bands was higher for TBOAEs than for CEOAEs, especially at 2 and 4 kHz. CONCLUSIONS For general applications where broadband MOCR is of interest, the highest magnitude and reliability is provided by CEOAEs. However, TBOAEs may be better if a particular frequency band is of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wiktor Jedrzejczak
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
- World Hearing Center, Kajetany, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Edyta Pilka
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
- World Hearing Center, Kajetany, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Pastucha
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
- World Hearing Center, Kajetany, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Henryk Skarzynski
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
- World Hearing Center, Kajetany, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kochanek
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
- World Hearing Center, Kajetany, Nadarzyn, Poland
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Stapedius muscle: Don't mistake it for a branch of the facial nerve in images. Auris Nasus Larynx 2023:S0385-8146(23)00036-6. [PMID: 36894377 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between the stapedius muscle and the vertical part of the facial nerve is important for surgery. The study aims to understand the spatial relationship between the stapedius muscle and the vertical part of the facial nerve in ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) images. METHODS A total of 105 ears from the heads of 54 human cadavers were analyzed using U-HRCT. The location and direction of the stapedius muscle were evaluated with the facial nerve as the reference. The integrity of the bony septum between the two structures and the distance between the transverse sections were examined. Paired Student's t-test and the nonparametric Wilcoxon test were applied. RESULTS The lower end of the stapedius muscle emerged at the upper (45 ears), middle (40 ears), or lower (20 ears) level of the facial nerve and was positioned medial (32 ears), medial posterior (61 ears), posterior (11 ears), or lateral posterior (1 ear) to the facial nerve. The bony septum was not continuous in 99 ears. The distance between the midpoints of the two structures was 1.75 mm (IQR=1.55-2.16 mm). CONCLUSION The spatial relationship between the stapedius muscle and the facial nerve was varied. They were close to each other and in most cases the bony septum was not intact. Preoperative familiarity with the relationship between the two structures is helpful for avoiding unwanted injury to the facial nerve in surgery.
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Jedrzejczak WW, Milner R, Pilka E, Ganc M, Skarzynski H. Visual attention does not affect the reliability of otoacoustic emission or medial olivocochlear reflex. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:2398. [PMID: 36319231 DOI: 10.1121/10.0014900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether visual attention affects the reliability (i.e., repeatability) of transiently evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) magnitudes or of medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) estimates. TEOAEs were measured during three visual attentional conditions: control (subject were seated with eyes closed); passive (subjects looked at a pattern of squares on a computer screen); and active (subjects silently counted an occasionally inverted pattern). To estimate reliability, the whole recording session was repeated the next day. The results showed that visual attention does not significantly affect TEOAE or MOCR magnitudes-or their reliability. It is therefore possible to employ visual stimuli (e.g., watching a silent movie) during TEOAE experiments, a procedure sometimes used during testing to prevent subjects from falling asleep or to keep children still and quiet.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wiktor Jedrzejczak
- World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ulica Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Rafal Milner
- World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ulica Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Edyta Pilka
- World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ulica Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Ganc
- World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ulica Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Henryk Skarzynski
- World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ulica Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
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Jedrzejczak WW, Kochanek K, Pilka E, Pastucha M, Skarzynski H. Medial olivocochlear reflex reliability: The effects of averaging and presence of synchronized spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:2150. [PMID: 36319248 DOI: 10.1121/10.0014601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR), usually assessed by the inhibition of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) with contralateral noise, is a very small effect. In understanding the origin of the MOCR, it is crucial to obtain data of the highest accuracy, i.e., with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which in turn largely depends on the number of signal averages. This study investigates how the reliability of MOCR measures is affected by the number of averages. At the same time, the effect of the presence of synchronized spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SSOAEs) is taken into account, as it is known that this factor significantly affects TEOAE amplitudes and SNRs. Each recording session consisted of two series of four measurements, allowing comparison of MOCR magnitude based on 250, 500, 750, and 1000 averages. Reliability was based on comparing the two series. The results show that, for a good quality MOCR measure (i.e., intraclass correlation above 0.9), the required number of averages is at least double that obtainable from a standard TEOAE test (i.e., 500 compared to 250). Ears without SSOAEs needed a higher number of averages to reach a correlation of 0.9 than ears with SSOAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wiktor Jedrzejczak
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kochanek
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Edyta Pilka
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pastucha
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Henryk Skarzynski
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
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Tasko SM, Deiters KK, Flamme GA, Smith MV, Murphy WJ, Jones HG, Greene NT, Ahroon WA. Effects of unilateral eye closure on middle ear muscle contractions. Hear Res 2022; 424:108594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kalaiah MK, Mishra K, Shastri U. The Relationship between Contralateral Suppression of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission and Unmasking of Speech Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 26:e676-e682. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Several studies have shown that efferent pathways of the auditory system improve perception of speech-in-noise. But, the majority of investigations assessing the role of efferent pathways on speech perception have used contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions as a measure of efferent activity. By studying the effect of efferent activity on the speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR), some more light could be shed on the effect of efferent pathways on the encoding of speech in the auditory pathway.
Objectives To investigate the relationship between contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emission (CSTEOAE) and unmasking of speech ABR.
Methods A total of 23 young adults participated in the study. The CSTEOAE was measured using linear clicks at 60 dB peSPL and white noise at 60 dB sound pressure level (SPL). The speech ABR was recorded using the syllable /da/ at 80 dB SPL in quiet, ipsilateral noise, and binaural noise conditions. In the ipsilateral noise condition, white noise was presented to the test ear at 60 dB SPL, and, in the binaural noise condition, two separate white noises were presented to both ears.
Results The F0 amplitude of speech ABR was higher in quiet condition; however, the mean amplitude of F0 was not significantly different across conditions. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the CSTEOAE and the magnitude of unmasking of F0 amplitude of speech ABR.
Conclusions The findings of the present study suggests that the efferent pathways are involved in speech-in-noise processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar Kalaiah
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Keshav Mishra
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Usha Shastri
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Easy and Hard Auditory Tasks Distinguished by Otoacoustic Emissions and Event-related Potentials: Insights into Efferent System Activity. Neuroscience 2022; 491:87-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The Reliability of Contralateral Suppression of Otoacoustic Emissions Is Greater in Women than in Men. Audiol Res 2022; 12:79-86. [PMID: 35200258 PMCID: PMC8869615 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the reliability of the medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) between men and women. The strength of the MOCR was measured in terms of the suppression of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) by contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS). The difference between TEOAEs with and without CAS (white noise) was calculated as raw decibel TEOAE suppression as well as normalized TEOAE suppression expressed in percent. In each subject, sets of measurements were performed twice. Reliability was evaluated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient, the standard error of measurement, and the minimum detectable change (MDC). The study included 40 normally hearing subjects (20 men; 20 women). The estimates of MOCR for both genders were similar. Nevertheless, the reliability of the MOCR was poorer in men, with an MDC around twice that of women. This can be only partially attributed to slightly lower signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in men, since we used strict procedures calling for high SNRs (around 20 dB on average). Furthermore, even when we compared subgroups with similar SNRs, there was still lower MOCR reliability in men.
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