1
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Lemmen KD, Zhou L, Papakostas S, Declerck SAJ. An experimental test of the growth rate hypothesis as a predictive framework for microevolutionary adaptation. Ecology 2023; 104:e3853. [PMID: 36054549 PMCID: PMC10078216 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The growth rate hypothesis (GRH) posits that the relative body phosphorus content of an organism is positively related to somatic growth rate, as protein synthesis, which is necessary for growth, requires P-rich rRNA. This hypothesis has strong support at the interspecific level. Here, we explore the use of the GRH to predict microevolutionary responses in consumer body stoichiometry. For this, we subjected populations of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus to selection for fast population growth rate (PGR) in P-rich (HPF) and P-poor (LPF) food environments. With common garden transplant experiments, we demonstrate that in HP populations evolution toward increased PGR was concomitant with an increase in relative phosphorus content. In contrast, LP populations evolved higher PGR without an increase in relative phosphorus content. We conclude that the GRH has the potential to predict microevolutionary change, but that its application is contingent on the environmental context. Our results highlight the potential of cryptic evolution in determining the performance response of populations to elemental limitation of their food resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D Lemmen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Libin Zhou
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Steven A J Declerck
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Hirama F, Urabe J, Doi H, Kazama T, Noguchi T, Tappenbeck TH, Katano I, Yamamichi M, Yoshida T, Elser JJ. Terrigenous subsidies in lakes support zooplankton production mainly via a green food chain and not the brown food chain. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.956819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial organic matter (t-OM) has been recognized as an important cross-boundary subsidy to aquatic ecosystems. However, recent evidence has shown that t-OM contributes little to promote secondary production in lakes because it is a low-quality food for aquatic consumers. To resolve this conflict, we performed a field experiment using leaf litter as t-OM. In the experiment, we monitored zooplankton biomass in enclosures with and without addition of leaf litter under shaded and unshaded conditions and assessed food web changes with stable isotope analyses. We then examined whether or not leaf litter indeed stimulates lake secondary production and, if it does, which food chain, the detritus-originated food chain (“brown” food chain) or the algae-originated food chain (“green” food chain), contributes more to this increase. Analyses with stable isotopes showed the importance of t-OM in supporting secondary production under ambient lake conditions. However, the addition of the leaf litter increased the zooplankton biomass under unshaded conditions but not under shaded conditions. We found that phosphorus was leached from leaf litter at much faster rate than organic carbon and nitrogen despite its low content in the leaf litter. These results showed that leaf litter stimulated the increase in zooplankton biomass mainly through the green food chain rather than the brown food chain because the leaf litter supplied limiting nutrients (i.e., phosphorus) for primary producers.Our results indicate that the functional stoichiometry of the subsidized organic matter plays a crucial role in determining the relative importance of brown and green food chains in promoting production at higher trophic levels in recipient ecosystems.
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3
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Wagner ND, Simmons DBD, Prater C, Frost PC. Proteome changes in an aquatic invertebrate consumer in response to different nutritional stressors. Oecologia 2022; 199:329-341. [PMID: 35661252 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient imbalances in zooplankton are caused by the differences in elemental content of producers and the demand for elements in consumers, which alter the life-history traits in consumers. Changes in life-history traits are mediated through metabolic pathways that affect gene expression and the metabolome. However, less is known about proteomic changes to elemental-limitation in zooplankton. Here, we grew Daphnia pulex under high food quantity and quality (HF), low food quantity (LF), and phosphorus (P)-limited (PL) diets for six days and measured growth, elemental composition, and the proteome. Daphnids in both LF and PL diets grew less. Animals in LF diets had less carbon (C), while daphnids in PL diets had less P compared to HF fed animals. In total, we identified 1719 proteins that were used in a partial least squares regression discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Focusing on a subset of the proteome, the PLS-DA resulted in a clear separation between animals fed HF diets and PL and LF diets. Many proteome changes in nutrient-limited diets are associated with growth, reproduction, lipid metabolism, and nutrient assimilation. Regardless of the limiting nutrient, there were less hemoglobin and small subunit processome component proteins compared to HF fed animals. Daphnids fed LF diets had less vitellogenin fused superoxide dismutase and more lipid-droplet hydrolase, whereas Daphnia fed PL diets had higher abundances of cytochrome P450 and serine protease. Our proteome results compliment other "omic" studies that could be used to study Daphnia physiology in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Wagner
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA.
| | | | - Clay Prater
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Paul C Frost
- Department of Biology, Tent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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4
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Onishi Y. Digestion Efficiency during Alkaline Persulfate Oxidation for Determination of Total Phosphorus Content of Biological Samples. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1771-1774. [PMID: 34248091 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21p116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying total phosphorus contents of organisms can elucidate their physiological condition and the nutrient cycles of ecosystems. Simple, brief, and safe persulfate oxidation methods have been used for total P determination, but oxidizing solutions of different compositions and volumes have been used. Two certified reference materials were used to evaluate digestion efficiencies of different solutions for this study. Although the phosphorus recoveries were low (<90%) without NaOH, phosphorus recoveries using the solution with 4% K2S2O8 and 0.15 M NaOH were complete. Results demonstrated that digestion efficiency depends on the K2S2O8 concentration and on the pH condition. Moreover, the phosphorus recoveries were achieved at >4 mL/mg solution/material ratios for both standard materials. Therefore, the author recommends using >4 mL of the 4% K2S2O8 solution with 0.15 M NaOH for sample materials of <1 mg to quantify the total phosphorus of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Onishi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University
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5
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Tracing the Trophic Plasticity of the Coral-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis Using Amino Acid Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010182. [PMID: 33466994 PMCID: PMC7830491 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between corals and photosynthetic dinoflagellates is one of the most well-known nutritional symbioses, but nowadays it is threatened by global changes. Nutritional exchanges are critical to understanding the performance of this symbiosis under stress conditions. Here, compound-specific δ15N and δ13C values of amino acids (δ15NAA and δ13CAA) were assessed in autotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic holobionts as diagnostic tools to follow nutritional interactions between the partners. Contrary to what was expected, heterotrophy was mainly traced through the δ15N of the symbiont’s amino acids (AAs), suggesting that symbionts directly profit from host heterotrophy. The trophic index (TP) ranged from 1.1 to 2.3 from autotrophic to heterotrophic symbionts. In addition, changes in TP across conditions were more significant in the symbionts than in the host. The similar δ13C-AAs signatures of host and symbionts further suggests that symbiont-derived photosynthates are the main source of carbon for AAs synthesis. Symbionts, therefore, appear to be a key component in the AAs biosynthetic pathways, and might, via this obligatory function, play an essential role in the capacity of corals to withstand environmental stress. These novel findings highlight important aspects of the nutritional exchanges in the coral–dinoflagellates symbiosis. In addition, they feature δ15NAA as a useful tool for studies regarding the nutritional exchanges within the coral–symbiodiniaceae symbiosis.
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6
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Kazama T, Urabe J, Yamamichi M, Tokita K, Yin X, Katano I, Doi H, Yoshida T, Hairston NG. A unified framework for herbivore-to-producer biomass ratio reveals the relative influence of four ecological factors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:49. [PMID: 33420411 PMCID: PMC7794211 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomass ratio of herbivores to primary producers reflects the structure of a community. Four primary factors have been proposed to affect this ratio, including production rate, defense traits and nutrient contents of producers, and predation by carnivores. However, identifying the joint effects of these factors across natural communities has been elusive, in part because of the lack of a framework for examining their effects simultaneously. Here, we develop a framework based on Lotka–Volterra equations for examining the effects of these factors on the biomass ratio. We then utilize it to test if these factors simultaneously affect the biomass ratio of freshwater plankton communities. We found that all four factors contributed significantly to the biomass ratio, with carnivore abundance having the greatest effect, followed by producer stoichiometric nutrient content. Thus, the present framework should be useful for examining the multiple factors shaping various types of communities, both aquatic and terrestrial. Takehiro Kazama et al. develop a framework based on Lotka–Volterra models to identify the relative influences of production rate, defense traits, nutrient contents of producers, and predation, in affecting the biomass ratio of herbivores to primary producers in a community. They apply this framework to freshwater plankton systems and find that while all factors affect the biomass ratio, carnivore abundance has the greatest relative influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kazama
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.,Lake Biwa Branch Office, Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 5-34 Yanagasaki, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0022, Japan
| | - Jotaro Urabe
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Masato Yamamichi
- Department of General Systems Studies, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kotaro Tokita
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Xuwang Yin
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Hydrobiology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Izumi Katano
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Kitanoya-nishimachi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan.,KYOUSEI Science Center for Life and Nature, Nara Women's University, Kitanoya-nishimachi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Doi
- Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, 7-1-28 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takehito Yoshida
- Department of General Systems Studies, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.,Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8047, Japan
| | - Nelson G Hairston
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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7
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Zhang X, Ohtsuki H, Makino W, Kato Y, Watanabe H, Urabe J. Variations in effects of ectosymbiotic microbes on the growth rates among different species and genotypes of
Daphnia
fed different algal diets. Ecol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Aquatic Ecology Lab, Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Hajime Ohtsuki
- Aquatic Ecology Lab, Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Wataru Makino
- Aquatic Ecology Lab, Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Hajime Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Jotaro Urabe
- Aquatic Ecology Lab, Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
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8
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Zhou L, Declerck SAJ. Maternal effects in zooplankton consumers are not only mediated by direct but also by indirect effects of phosphorus limitation. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Libin Zhou
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Droevendaalsesteeg 10 NL‐6708 PB Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Steven A. J. Declerck
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Droevendaalsesteeg 10 NL‐6708 PB Wageningen the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KULeuven Leuven Belgium
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9
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Zhou Q, Lu N, Gu L, Sun Y, Zhang L, Huang Y, Chen Y, Yang Z. Daphnia enhances relative reproductive allocation in response to toxic microcystis: Changes in the performance of parthenogenetic and sexual reproduction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113890. [PMID: 31918145 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication and warming lead to frequent occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms, which significantly impact on zooplankton. Freshwater zooplankton Daphnia adopts two distinct ways of reproduction: asexual (parthenogenetic) reproduction for rapidly reproducing many offspring in favorable environment and sexual reproduction for producing resting eggs as seed bank to survive in harsh environments. Daphnia pulex has worse performance in growth and reproduction under the exposure to toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and tends to allocate less energy to reproduction in the case of insufficient food. However, the relative reproductive allocation strategy (energy allocation) of D. pulex individuals exposed to toxic M. aeruginosa is still unclear. Here we tested the relative reproductive performance of D. pulex fed on solely Chlorella pyrenoidosa (high quality food) or Chlorella mixed with toxic M. aeruginosa (low quality food), based on the parthenogenetic reproduction (life-history experiments) and sexual reproduction (population experiments). The results showed that under low quality food conditions, D. pulex reproduced fewer offspring which were also smaller and thus led to a reduced absolute output in parthenogenetic reproduction, but produced ephippia in the same size and quantity compared to those cultured under high quality food conditions. However, as the body size of maternal D. pulex cultured under low quality food conditions decreased, the relative reproductive allocation significantly increased in both parthenogenetic and sexual reproduction, compared to those cultured under high quality food conditions. In conclusion, D. pulex tend to allocate relatively more energy to reproduction under Microcystis conditions, which is a reasonable strategy for it to decentralize the risks from low-quality food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Na Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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10
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Demi LM, Benstead JP, Rosemond AD, Maerz JC. Experimental N and P additions relieve stoichiometric constraints on organic matter flows through five stream food webs. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1468-1481. [PMID: 32124431 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have dramatically altered global patterns of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. This pervasive nutrient pollution is changing basal resource quality in food webs, thereby affecting rates of biological productivity and the pathways of energy and material flow to higher trophic levels. Here, we investigate how the stoichiometric quality of basal resources modulates patterns of material flow through food webs by characterizing the effects of experimental N and P enrichment on the trophic basis of macroinvertebrate production and flows of dominant food resources to consumers in five detritus-based stream food webs. After a pre-treatment year, each stream received N and P at different concentrations for 2 years, resulting in a unique dissolved N:P ratio (target range from 128:1 to 2:1) for each stream. We combined estimates of secondary production and gut contents analysis to calculate rates of material flow from basal resources to macroinvertebrate consumers in all five streams, during all 3 years of study. Nutrient enrichment resulted in a 1.5× increase in basal resource flows to primary consumers, with the greatest increases from biofilms and wood. Flows of most basal resources were negatively related to resource C:P, indicating widespread P limitation in these detritus-based food webs. Nutrient enrichment resulted in a greater proportion of leaf litter, the dominant resource flow-pathway, being consumed by macroinvertebrates, with that proportion increasing with decreasing leaf litter C:P. However, the increase in efficiency with which basal resources were channelled into metazoan food webs was not propagated to macroinvertebrate predators, as flows of prey did not systematically increase following enrichment and were unrelated to basal resource flows. This study suggests that ongoing global increases in N and P supply will increase organic matter flows to metazoan food webs in detritus-based ecosystems by reducing stoichiometric constraints at basal trophic levels. However, the extent to which those flows are propagated to the highest trophic levels likely depends on responses of individual prey taxa and their relative susceptibility to predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Demi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Jonathan P Benstead
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Amy D Rosemond
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - John C Maerz
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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11
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Burian A, Nielsen JM, Winder M. Food quantity–quality interactions and their impact on consumer behavior and trophic transfer. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Burian
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
- Environmental Sustainability Research Centre University of Derby Derby DE22 1GB United Kingdom
| | - Jens M. Nielsen
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Monika Winder
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
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12
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Zhou L, Declerck SAJ. Herbivore consumers face different challenges along opposite sides of the stoichiometric knife-edge. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:2018-2027. [PMID: 31512359 PMCID: PMC6900088 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have reshaped the relative supply rates of essential elements to organisms. Recent studies suggested that consumer performance is strongly reduced by food that is either very high or very low in relative phosphorus content. However, the generality of such 'stoichiometric knife-edge' and its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied the response of a planktonic rotifer to a 10-fold food carbon : phosphorus (C : P) gradient and confirmed the existence of the stoichiometric knife-edge. Interestingly, we observed a complete homeostatic breakdown associated with strong growth reductions at high food C : P. In contrast, at low food C : P, animals maintained homeostasis despite pronounced performance reductions. Our results suggest that the mechanisms underlying adverse effects of stoichiometric imbalance are determined by both the identity of elements that are limiting and those that are present in excess. Negative effects of excess P reveal an additional way of how eutrophication may affect consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Zhou
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Declerck
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
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13
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Tian X, Ohtsuki H, Urabe J. Evolution of asexual Daphnia pulex in Japan: variations and covariations of the digestive, morphological and life history traits. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:122. [PMID: 31195967 PMCID: PMC6567566 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several genetic lineages of obligate parthenogenetic Daphnia pulex, a common zooplankton species, have invaded Japan from North America. Among these, a lineage named JPN1 is thought to have started colonization as a single genotype several hundred to thousand years ago and subsequently produced many genotypes in Japan. To examine the phenotypic variations due to ecological drivers diverging the genotypes in new habitats, we measured heritability and variation in 17 traits, including life history, morphology and digestive traits, and the genetic distance among the D. pulex JPN1 genotypes in Japan. Results We found that most of the traits measured varied significantly among the genotypes and that heritability was highest in the morphological traits, followed by the digestive and life history traits. In addition, 93% of the variation in these traits was explained by the first three components in the principal component analysis, implying that variation of these heritable traits is not random but rather converged into a few directions. These relations among traits revealed the potential importance of predation pressures and food conditions as factors for diverging and selecting different genotypes. However, the magnitude of the difference in any single trait group did not correlate with the genetic distance. Conclusions Our findings show that the divergent traits evolved within D. pulex JPN1 lineage without genetic recombination, since their ancestral clone invaded Japan. Large variations and covariations of the phenotypic traits, irrespective of the genetic distance among the genotypes, support the view that the invasive success of D. pulex JPN1 was promoted by a genetic architecture that allowed for large phenotypic variations with a limited number of functionally important mutations without recombination. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1453-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Tian
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki aza Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Hajime Ohtsuki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki aza Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jotaro Urabe
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki aza Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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14
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Halvorson HM, Fuller CL, Entrekin SA, Scott JT, Evans-White MA. Interspecific homeostatic regulation and growth across aquatic invertebrate detritivores: a test of ecological stoichiometry theory. Oecologia 2019; 190:229-242. [PMID: 31062165 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Across resource quality gradients, primary consumers must regulate homeostasis and release of nutrients to optimize growth and fitness. Based primarily on internal body composition, the ecological stoichiometry theory (EST) offers a framework to generalize interspecific patterns of these responses, yet the predictions and underlying assumptions of EST remain poorly tested across many species. We used controlled laboratory feeding experiments to measure homeostasis, nutrient release, and growth across seven field-collected aquatic invertebrate detritivore taxa fed wide resource carbon:nitrogen (C:N) and carbon:phosphorus (C:P) gradients. We found that most invertebrates exhibited strict stoichiometric homeostasis (average 1/H = - 0.018 and 0.026 for C:N and C:P, respectively), supporting assumptions of EST. However, the stoichiometry of new tissue production during growth intervals (growth stoichiometry) deviated - 30 to + 54% and - 145 to + 74% from initial body C:N and C:P, respectively, and across species, growth stoichiometry was not correlated with initial body stoichiometry. Notably, smaller non- and hemimetabolous invertebrates exhibited low, decreasing growth C:N and C:P, whereas larger holometabolous invertebrates exhibited high, often increasing growth C:N and C:P. Despite predictions of EST, interspecific sensitivity of egestion stoichiometry and growth rates to the resource gradient were weakly related to internal body composition across species. While the sensitivity of these patterns differed across taxa, such differences carried a weak phylogenetic signal and were not well predicted by EST. Our findings suggest that traits beyond internal body composition, such as feeding behavior, selective assimilation, and ontogeny, are needed to generalize interspecific patterns in consumer growth and nutrient release across resource quality gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halvor M Halvorson
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
| | | | - Sally A Entrekin
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - J Thad Scott
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Koussoroplis AM, Schälicke S, Raatz M, Bach M, Wacker A. Feeding in the frequency domain: coarser-grained environments increase consumer sensitivity to resource variability, covariance and phase. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1104-1114. [PMID: 31016844 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Theory predicts that resource variability hinders consumer performance. How this effect depends on the temporal structure of resource fluctuations encountered by individuals remains poorly understood. Combining modelling and growth experiments with Daphnia magna, we decompose the complexity of resource fluctuations and test the effect of resource variance, supply peak timing (i.e. phase) and co-limiting resource covariance along a gradient from high to low frequencies reflecting fine- to coarse-grained environments. Our results show that resource storage can buffer growth at high frequencies, but yields a sensitivity of growth to resource peak timing at lower ones. When two resources covary, negative covariance causes stronger growth depression at low frequencies. However, negative covariance might be beneficial at intermediate frequencies, an effect that can be explained by digestive acclimation. Our study provides a mechanistic basis for understanding how alterations of the environmental grain size affect consumers experiencing variable nutritional quality in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos-Manuel Koussoroplis
- Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Aquatic Food Web Interactions group (I.R.T.A), Microorganisms Genome and Environment Lab (L.M.G.E.), UMR CNRS 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Svenja Schälicke
- Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Raatz
- Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Moritz Bach
- Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Wacker
- Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Animal Ecology group, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Goos JM, Swain CJ, Munch SB, Walsh MR. Maternal diet and age alter direct and indirect relationships between life‐history traits across multiple generations. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M. Goos
- Department of Biology University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas
| | - Cameron J. Swain
- Department of Biology University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas
| | - Stephan B. Munch
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Santa Cruz California
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California‐Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - Matthew R. Walsh
- Department of Biology University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas
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Sanders AJ, Taylor BW. Using ecological stoichiometry to understand and predict infectious diseases. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Sanders
- Dept of Applied Ecology; North Carolina State Univ.; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory; Crested Butte CO 81224 USA
| | - Brad W. Taylor
- Dept of Applied Ecology; North Carolina State Univ.; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory; Crested Butte CO 81224 USA
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18
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Use of compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids in trophic ecology: assumptions, applications, and implications. Ecol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-018-1616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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