1
|
Sun Y, Ren ZK, Müller-Schärer H, Callaway RM, van Kleunen M, Huang W. Increasing and fluctuating resource availability enhances invasional meltdown. Ecology 2024:e4387. [PMID: 39016245 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Exotic plant invaders can promote others via direct or indirect facilitation, known as "invasional meltdown." Increased soil nutrients can also promote invaders by increasing their competitive impacts, but how this might affect meltdown is unknown. In a mesocosm experiment, we evaluated how eight exotic plant species and eight Eurasian native species responded individually to increasing densities of the invasive plant Conyza canadensis, while varying the supply and fluctuations of nutrients. We found that increasing density of C. canadensis intensified competitive suppression of natives but intensified facilitation of other exotics. Higher and fluctuating nutrients exacerbated the competitive effects on natives and facilitative effects on exotics. Overall, these results show a pronounced advantage of exotics over native target species with increased relative density of C. canadensis under high nutrient availability and fluctuation. We integrate these results with the observation that exotic species commonly drive increases in soil resources to suggest the Resource-driven Invasional Meltdown and Inhibition of Natives hypothesis in which biotic acceleration of resource availability promotes other exotic species over native species, leading to invasional meltdown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Kun Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Heinz Müller-Schärer
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and Wildlife Biology, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Binama B, Caroline M. Differences in growth and competition between plants of a naturalized and an invasive population of Bunias orientalis. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11153. [PMID: 38505180 PMCID: PMC10948592 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The global shift of species' distributions has led to high numbers of noninvasive naturalized plants and the accumulation of invasive species within ecosystems. Competition between species may influence population dynamics, but little is known about the impacts of competition between conspecifics of naturalized and invasive populations. We investigated several plant traits at initial growth and regrowth following artificial defoliation in intra and interpopulation competition. Therefore, we used plants of Bunias orientalis from one noninvasive naturalized and one invasive population grown alone or in competition of two or three. Plants from the naturalized population were expected to be less competitive than plants from the invasive population, reflecting their differential impact in the introduced range. Independent of status, intrapopulation competition was expected to have less negative impacts on plants than interpopulation competition. Our results show that competition impacted mostly growth- rather than physiology-related traits. The relative magnitude of intra and interpopulation competition differed among plant traits at the first and second harvest. Plants of the invasive population outperformed the naturalized population by allocating relatively more resources to the aboveground biomass and producing more and longer leaves particularly when grown in competition against two plants. Moreover, plants of the invasive population were more competitive, which may influence their successful establishment and range expansion in the introduced range, but growth patterns differed after artificial defoliation. Although evolution of intrapopulation competition in naturalized and invasive ranges may be expected, interpopulation competition seems to adversely impact the performance of the naturalized plant population of B. orientalis studied here. Apart from the status (naturalized vs. invasive), other factors may have had an influence on plant performance. Thus, further research is needed with more naturalized and invasive populations to test the generality of our findings and to isolate the specific mechanisms driving differences in competitiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Binama
- Department of Chemical EcologyBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Müller Caroline
- Department of Chemical EcologyBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lau JA, Funk JL. How ecological and evolutionary theory expanded the 'ideal weed' concept. Oecologia 2023; 203:251-266. [PMID: 37340279 PMCID: PMC10684629 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Since Baker's attempt to characterize the 'ideal weed' over 50 years ago, ecologists have sought to identify features of species that predict invasiveness. Several of Baker's 'ideal weed' traits are well studied, and we now understand that many traits can facilitate different components of the invasion process, such as dispersal traits promoting transport or selfing enabling establishment. However, the effects of traits on invasion are context dependent. The traits promoting invasion in one community or at one invasion stage may inhibit invasion of other communities or success at other invasion stages, and the benefits of any given trait may depend on the other traits possessed by the species. Furthermore, variation in traits among populations or species is the result of evolution. Accordingly, evolution both prior to and after invasion may determine invasion outcomes. Here, we review how our understanding of the ecology and evolution of traits in invasive plants has developed since Baker's original efforts, resulting from empirical studies and the emergence of new frameworks and ideas such as community assembly theory, functional ecology, and rapid adaptation. Looking forward, we consider how trait-based approaches might inform our understanding of less-explored aspects of invasion biology ranging from invasive species responses to climate change to coevolution of invaded communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Lau
- Department of Biology and the Environmental Resilience Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jennifer L Funk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan S, Zhang W, Li Y, Gao Y, Yu F, Tang Z, Zhu Y. Unveiling novel perspectives on niche differentiation and plasticity in rhizosphere phosphorus forms of submerged macrophytes with different stoichiometric homeostasis. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120679. [PMID: 37806123 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Stoichiometric homeostasis is the ability of organisms to maintain their element composition through various physiological mechanisms, regardless of changes in nutrient availability. Phosphorus (P) is a critical limiting element for eutrophication. Submerged macrophytes with different stoichiometric homeostasis regulated sediment P pollution by nutrient resorption, but whether and how P homeostasis and resorption in submerged macrophytes changed under variable plant community structure was unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that rhizosphere microbes drive niche overlap and differentiation for different P forms to constitute submerged macrophyte community structure. However, a greater understanding of how this occurs is required. This study examined the process underlying the metabolism of different rhizosphere P forms of submerged macrophytes under different cultivation patterns by analyzing physicochemical data, basic plant traits, microbial communities, and transcriptomics. The results indicate that alkaline phosphatase serves as a key factor in revealing the existence of a link between plant traits (path coefficient = 0.335, p < 0.05) and interactions with rhizosphere microbial communities (average path coefficient = 0.362, p < 0.05). Moreover, this study demonstrates that microbial communities further influence the niche plasticity of P by mediating plant root P metabolism genes (path coefficient = 0.354, p < 0.05) and rhizosphere microbial phosphorus storage (average path coefficient = 0.605, p < 0.01). This research not only contributes to a deeper comprehension of stoichiometric homeostasis and nutrient dynamics but also provides valuable insights into potential strategies for managing and restoring submerged macrophyte-dominated ecosystems in the face of changing nutrient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenyang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Zikang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yajie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ye X, Meng J, Ma R, Wu M. Effects of Clipping an Invasive Plant Species on the Growth of Planted Plants of Two Co-Occurring Species in a Greenhouse Study. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1282. [PMID: 37886992 PMCID: PMC10604010 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The restoration of native plants in invaded habitats is constrained with the presence of highly competitive exotic species. Aboveground removal, such as clipping or mowing, of invasive plants is required for successful restoration. The effects of clipping an invasive plant species, Solidago canadensis, grown at five densities (1-5 plants per pot), and planting two co-occurring and competitive species, Sesbania cannabina and Imperata cylindrica, on the growth of both the invasive species and the co-occurring species were investigated in a greenhouse experiment. The established S. canadensis suppressed the growth of planted seedlings with 47.8-94.4% reduction in biomass, with stronger effects at higher densities; clipping significantly reduced 97.5-97.4% of biomass of S. canadensis and ameliorated the suppression effects (with only 8.7-52.7% reduction in biomass of the co-occurring plants), irrespective of density. Both the aboveground and belowground part of S. canadensis contributed to its suppression effects on planted co-occurring species. Seed sowing of co-occurring species reduced the belowground growth, but not the underground growth of S. canadensis. S. cannabina appeared to be more effective at reducing the growth of S. canadensis than I. cylindrica. Therefore, clipping together with planting competitive species that can overcome the belowground priority effects of S. canadensis could be a promising strategy for controlling S. canadensis invasion and restoring native plant communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming Wu
- Research Station of Hangzhou Bay Wetland Ecosystems, Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (X.Y.); (J.M.); (R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shen C, Chen P, Zhang K, He M, Wan J, Wang Y, Tao Z, Huang W, Siemann E. Dynamics and mechanisms of secondary invasion following biological control of an invasive plant. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2594-2606. [PMID: 36918476 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Secondary invasions in which nontarget invaders expand following eradication of a target invader commonly occur in habitats with multiple invasive plant species and can prevent recovery of native communities. However, the dynamics and mechanisms of secondary invasion remain unclear. Here, we conducted a common garden experiment to test underlying mechanisms of secondary invasion for 14 nontarget invaders after biological control of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in two consecutive years. We found secondary invasion for all tested nontarget invaders, but secondary invasiveness (change relative to natives) varied with species and time. Specifically, secondary invasiveness depended most strongly on phylogenetic relatedness between the target and nontarget invaders in the first year with closely related nontarget invaders being most invasive. By contrast, secondary invasiveness in the second year was mostly driven by functional traits with taller nontarget invaders or those with higher specific leaf area, or smaller seeds especially invasive. Our study indicates that secondary invasion is likely to occur wherever other invasive plants co-occur with an invasive species targeted for control. Furthermore, the most problematic invaders will initially be species closely related to the target invader but then species with rapid growth and high reproduction are most likely to be more aggressive secondary invaders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changchao Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengdong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaoping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Minyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jinlong Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Zhibin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang X, Ke F, Lu J, Xie H, Zhao Y, Yin C, Guan B, Li K, Jeppesen E. Underwater light attenuation inhibits native submerged plants and facilitates the invasive co‐occurring plant
Cabomba caroliniana. DIVERS DISTRIB 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Fan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Jing Lu
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University Queensland Nathan Australia
| | - Hongmin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Eco‐hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chunyu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
- L&A Shanghai (Shenzhen) Landscape Garden Design Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Baohua Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Kuanyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
- Sino‐Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Sino‐Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Silkeborg Denmark
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey
- Institute of Marine Sciences Middle East Technical University Erdemli‐Mersin Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu C, Groff T, Anderson E, Brown C, Cahill Jr JF, Paulow L, Bennett JA. Effects of the invasive leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) on plant community structure are altered by management history. NEOBIOTA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.81.89450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, often causing changes in plant community composition and, thus, the functional traits of that community. Quantifying changes in traits can help us understand invasive species impacts on communities; however, both the invader and the plant community may be responding to the same environmental drivers. In North America, leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a problematic invader that reduces plant diversity and forage production for livestock. Its documented effects on plant communities differ amongst studies, however, potentially due to differences in productivity or land management. To identify the potential effects of leafy spurge on plant communities, we quantified leafy spurge abundance, plant species richness, forage production, functional group composition and community weighted mean traits, intensively at a single site and extensively across ten sites differing in management. We then tested how leafy spurge abundance related to these variables as a function of site management activities. Leafy spurge abundance was consistently associated with fewer plant species, reduced forage production and more invasive grass. Community-weighted specific root length also consistently increased with leafy spurge abundance, suggesting that belowground competition may be important in determining co-existence with leafy spurge. Other changes were dependent on management. Native forbs were excluded as leafy spurge became more abundant, but only in grazed sites as these species were already absent from ungrazed sites. Taller plants better persisted in dense leafy spurge patches, but only in grazed sites, consistent with either facilitation of taller species via associational defences or competitive exclusion of shorter species in ungrazed sites and dense leafy spurge patches. These results show that, despite some emergent properties of invasion, management context can alter invasion impacts by causing changes in the plant community and its interactions with the invader.
Collapse
|
9
|
Klinerová T, Man M, Dostál P. Invasion tolerance varies along a topographic gradient irrespective of invader presence. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Klinerová
- Inst. of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Man
- Inst. of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dostál
- Inst. of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang B, Cui M, Dai Z, Li J, Yu H, Fan X, Rutherford S, Du D. Non-Additive Effects of Environmental Factors on Growth and Physiology of Invasive Solidago canadensis and a Co-Occurring Native Species ( Artemisia argyi). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:128. [PMID: 36616257 PMCID: PMC9823473 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Changes in environmental factors, such as temperature and UV, have significant impacts on the growth and development of both native and invasive plant species. However, few studies examine the combined effects of warming and enhanced UV on plant growth and performance in invasive species. Here, we investigated single and combined effects of warming and UV radiation on growth, leaf functional and photosynthesis traits, and nutrient content (i.e., total organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous) of invasive Solidago canadensis and its co-occurring native species, Artemisia argyi, when grown in culture racks in the greenhouse. The species were grown in monoculture and together in a mixed community, with and without warming, and with and without increased UV in a full factorial design. We found that growth in S. canadensis and A. argyi were inhibited and more affected by warming than UV-B radiation. Additionally, there were both antagonistic and synergistic interactions between warming and UV-B on growth and performance in both species. Overall, our results suggested that S. canadensis was more tolerant to elevated temperatures and high UV radiation compared to the native species. Therefore, substantial increases in temperature and UV-B may favour invasive S. canadensis over native A. argyi. Research focusing on the effects of a wider range of temperatures and UV levels is required to improve our understanding of the responses of these two species to greater environmental variability and the impacts of climate change.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao C, Zhao X, Li J. Elevated CO 2 and Increased N Intensify Competition between Two Invasive Annual Plants in China. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1669. [PMID: 36295104 PMCID: PMC9604998 DOI: 10.3390/life12101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As multiple invaders often co-occur, understanding the interactions between different invasive species is important. Previous studies have reported on invasional meltdown and neutral and interference relationships between invasive species. However, interspecific interactions may vary with environmental change owing to the different responses of interacting invaders. To better understand the interaction of notorious invasive alien plants under CO2 enrichment and N deposition, the growth characteristics of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) were studied when they were planted in monoculture (4Rag and 4Pig) or mixture (1Rag:3Pig, 2Rag:2Pig, 3Rag:1Pig) under four environmental treatments: elevated CO2, increased N, elevated CO2 + increased N and a control. Increased N positively affected almost all the traits (basal stem diameter, height, shoot biomass, root biomass and total biomass) of common ragweed, except for branch number and root-shoot ratio. But increased N only promoted redroot pigweed's height and basal stem diameter. interspecific competition promoted basal stem diameter and number of branches but decreased root biomass of common ragweed, and the basal stem diameter was significantly higher in 1Rag:3Pig and 2Rag:2Pig compared to the other two treatments. interspecific competition inhibited almost all the characteristics of redroot pigweed. The interaction between elevated CO2 and increased N also increased the biomass characteristics (shoot biomass, root biomass and total biomass) of common ragweed. However, elevated CO2 inhibited the root biomass of redroot pigweed. The results indicated that common ragweed was a superior competitor under conditions of elevated CO2 and increased N. Moreover, environmental change might strengthen the super-invasive plant common ragweed's competitive ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhao
- China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment, Beijing 100062, China
| | - Junsheng Li
- Command Center for Comprehensive Survey of Natural Resources, China Geological Survey Bureau, Beijing 100055, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Callaway RM, Lucero JE, Hierro JL, Lortie CJ. The
EICA
is dead? Long live the
EICA
! Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2289-2302. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ragan M. Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Jacob E. Lucero
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA
| | - José L. Hierro
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biogeografía y Evolución Vegetal (LEByEV) Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)‐Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam) Santa Rosa Argentina
- Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNLPam Santa Rosa Argentina
| | - C. J. Lortie
- Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Evolution of plasticity prevents postinvasion extinction of a native forb. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118866119. [PMID: 35914140 PMCID: PMC9371648 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118866119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exotic plant invaders pose a serious threat to native plants. However, despite showing inferior competitive ability and decreased performance, native species often subsist in invaded communities. The decline of native populations is hypothesized to be halted and eventually reversed if adaptive evolutionary changes can keep up with the environmental stress induced by invaders, that is, when population extinction is prevented by evolutionary rescue (ER). Nevertheless, evidence for the role of ER in postinvasion persistence of native flora remains scarce. Here, I explored the population density of a native forb, Veronica chamaedrys, and evaluated the changes in the shade-responsive traits of its populations distributed along the invasion chronosequence of an exotic transformer, Heracleum mantegazzianum, which was replicated in five areas. I found a U-shaped population trajectory that paralleled the evolution of plasticity to shade. Whereas V. chamaedrys genotypes from intact, more open sites exhibited a shade-tolerance strategy (pronounced leaf area/mass ratio), reduced light availability at the invaded sites selected for a shade-avoidance strategy (greater internode elongation). Field experiments subsequently confirmed that the shifts in shade-response strategies were adaptive and secured postinvasion population persistence, as indicated by further modeling. Alternative ecological mechanisms (habitat improvement or arrival of immigrants) were less likely explanations than ER for the observed population rebound, although the contribution of maternal effects cannot be dismissed. These results suggest that V. chamaedrys survived because of adaptive evolutionary changes operating on the same timescale as the invasion-induced stress, but the generality of ER for postinvasion persistence of native plants remains unknown.
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang X, Ke F, Li Q, Zhao Y, Guan B, Li K. Functional traits underlying performance variations in the overwintering of the cosmopolitan invasive plant water hyacinth (
Eichhornia crassipes
) under climate warming and water drawdown. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9181. [PMID: 35949531 PMCID: PMC9353122 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate that temperature rise is still the general trend of the global climate in the 21st century. Invasive species may benefit from the increase in temperature, as climate can be viewed as a resource, and the increase in the available resources favors the invasibility of invasive species. This study aimed to assess the overwintering growth of the cosmopolitan invasive plant water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) at its northern boundary. Using E. crassipes as a model plant, a cross‐year mesocosm experiment was conducted to determine 17 plant functional traits, including growth, morphological, root topological, photosynthetic, and stoichiometric traits, under climate warming (ambient, temperature rises of 1.5°C and 3.0°C), and water drawdown or water withdrawal (water depths of 1, 10, and 20 cm) treatments. The overwintering growth of E. crassipes was facilitated by climate warming and proper water drawdown, and climate warming played a leading role. A temperature rises of 3.0°C and a water depth of 10 cm were the most suitable conditions for the overwintering and rooting behavior of the plant. Controlling the temperature to within 1.5°C, an ambitious goal for China, still facilitated the overwintering of E. crassipes. With climate warming, the plant can overwinter successfully, which possibly assists it in producing and spreading new ramets in the vernal flood season. The new rooting behavior induced by ambient low temperature may be viewed as a unique growth adaptation strategy for a niche change, as it helps these plants invade empty niches left by dead free‐floating plants on the water surface following winter freezes. With continued global warming, the distribution of the plant may expand northward, and eradication of the plant during the winter water drawdown period may be a more effective strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Fan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Qisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Baohua Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Kuanyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
- Sino‐Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Three Gorges University Wanzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Du Y, Zhou Q, Peng Z, Peng F, Xi L, Li Y. Does a Widespread Species Have a Higher Competitive Ability Than an Endemic Species? A Case Study From the Dongting Lake Wetlands. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:864316. [PMID: 35685024 PMCID: PMC9171367 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.864316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The distribution range of plants is usually related to their competitiveness. The competitive ability between common widespread, which are generally considered to be invasive, and common endemic species, is still not very clear. Five plant communities were monitored in the field to compare the competitive abilities of widespread species, Phragmites australis, and endemic species, Triarrhena lutarioriparia, in the Dongting Lake wetlands. The ratios of individual numbers of T. lutarioriparia to P. australis per square meter were found to be 9:0, 14:1, 10:5, 7:6, and 0:11 in the five respective communities. A manipulation experiment was then performed with five planting modes (T. lutarioriparia: P. australis was 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3, and 0:4, respectively). Results from field monitoring showed that the two plant species exhibited similar decreased survival percentages during flooding. P. australis had higher aboveground biomass before the flooding and a higher relative elongation rate, whereas T. lutarioriparia had higher aboveground biomass after flooding and a higher relative growth rate (RGR). P. australis had a higher competitive ability than T. lutarioriparia before and after the flooding. The manipulation experiment revealed that P. australis had a higher survival percentage than T. lutarioriparia, with no differences in plant biomass, RGR, and the relative elongation rate between the two species. P. australis was found to have a higher competitive ability than T. lutarioriparia in the early growing stage and a lower competitive ability in the middle and later stages. The relative yield total in the field monitoring and manipulation experiment was 1, indicating that T. lutarioriparia and P. australis occupied different niches in the experimental conditions. It was concluded that, compared with T. lutarioriparia, P. australis has a higher competitive ability in submerged habitats and a lower competitive ability in the non-submerged habitat. The niche differences between the two species enabled their coexistence in the Dongting Lake wetlands with seasonal flooding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zenghui Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangcheng Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lianlian Xi
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen D, van Kleunen M. Competitive effects of plant invaders on and their responses to native species assemblages change over time. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.73.80410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Alien plant invaders are often considered to be more competitive than natives, and species-rich plant communities are often considered to be more resistant to invaders than species-poor communities. However, the competitive interactions between invaders and assemblages of different species richness are unlikely to be static over time (e.g. during a growth season). To test this, we grew five alien and five native species as invaders in a total of 21 artificial assemblages of one, two or four native competitor species. To test for temporal changes in the reciprocal effects of invaders and the competitor assemblages on each other, and how these depend on the species richness of the assemblages, we harvested plants at three growth stages (weeks 4, 8 and 12). We found that the invaders and competitor assemblages had negative effects on each other. Aboveground biomass of invaders was reduced by the presence of a competitor assemblage, irrespective of its species richness, and this difference gradually increased over time. Alien invaders accumulated more aboveground biomass than the native invaders, but only after 12 weeks of growth. Meanwhile, the invaders also negatively affected the biomass of the competitor assemblages. For multi-species assemblages, the increase in the negative effect of the presence of the invader occurred mainly between weeks 4 and 8, whereas it happened mainly between weeks 8 and 12 for the one-species assemblages. Our results suggest that although alien invaders are more competitive than native invaders, the competitive effects of the invaders on and their responses to native competitor assemblages changed over time, irrespective of the origin of the invaders.
Collapse
|
17
|
Determinants of invasion by single versus multiple plant species in temperate lowland forests. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
18
|
Hierro JL, Eren Ö, Čuda J, Meyerson LA. Evolution of increased competitive ability (
EICA
) may explain dominance of introduced species in ruderal communities. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José L. Hierro
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biogeografía y Evolución Vegetal (LEByEV) Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)‐Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam) Santa Rosa Argentina
- Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNLPam
| | - Özkan Eren
- Aydin Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Fen‐Edebiyat Fakültesi Aydın Turkey
| | - Jan Čuda
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Laura A. Meyerson
- The University of Rhode Island, Department of Natural Resources Science Kingston RI USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang CS, Wang HQ, Wang W, Liang CZ, Liu HM, Wang LX. The salt secretion of leaves promotes the competitiveness of Reaumuria soongarica in a desert grassland. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:85. [PMID: 35216546 PMCID: PMC8876110 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For better understanding the mechanism of Reaumuria soongarica community formation in a salt stressed grassland ecosystem, we designed a field experiment to test how leaves salt secretion changes the competitive relationship between species in this plant communities. RESULTS Among the three species (R. soongarica, Stipa glareosa and Allium polyrhizum) of the salt stressed grassland ecosystem, the conductivity of R. soongarica rhizosphere soil was the highest in five soil layers (0-55 cm depth). The high soil conductivity can increase the daily salt secretion rate of plant leaves of R. soongarica. In addition, we found the canopy size of R. soongarica was positively related to the distance from S. glareosa or A. polyrhizum. The salt-tolerance of R. soongarica was significantly higher than the other two herbs (S. glareosa and A. polyrhizum). Moreover, there was a threshold (600 µS/cm) for interspecific competition of plants mediated by soil conductivity. When the soil conductivity was lower than 600 µS/cm, the relative biomass of R. soongarica increased with the soil conductivity increase. CONCLUSIONS The efficient salt secretion ability of leaves increases soil conductivity under the canopy. This leads the formation of a "saline island" of R. soongarica. Meanwhile R. soongarica have stronger salt tolerance than S. glareosa and A. polyrhizum. These promote the competitiveness of R. soongarica and inhibit interspecies competition advantage of the other two herbs (S. glareosa and A. polyrhizum) in the plant community. It is beneficial for R. soongarica to establish dominant communities in saline regions of desert grassland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Shun Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
- Scientific Research Department, Hulunbeir College, Hulunbeir, 021008, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hui-Qing Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
- Hulunbeir Meteorological Bureau, Hulunbeir, 021000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Cun-Zhu Liang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Atwater DZ, Callaway RM. Extended consequences of selection by exotic invaders on natives. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:588-591. [PMID: 34780086 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Z Atwater
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, 801 National Rd West, Richmond, IN, 47374, USA
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Department of Organismal Biology and Ecology, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang F, Huang Q, Gan X, Zhang W, Guo Y, Huang Y. Shift in competitive ability mediated by soil biota in an invasive plant. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:16693-16703. [PMID: 34938466 PMCID: PMC8668795 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the shifts in competitive ability and its driving forces is key to predict the future of plant invasion. Changes in the competition environment and soil biota are two selective forces that impose remarkable influences on competitive ability. By far, evidence of the interactive effects of competition environment and soil biota on competitive ability of invasive species is rare. Here, we investigated their interactive effects using an invasive perennial vine, Mikania micrantha. The competitive performance of seven M. micrantha populations varying in their conspecific and heterospecific abundance were monitored in a greenhouse experiment, by manipulating soil biota (live and sterilized) and competition conditions (competition-free, intraspecific, and interspecific competition). Our results showed that with increasing conspecific abundance and decreasing heterospecific abundance, (1) M. micrantha increased intraspecific competition tolerance and intra- vs. interspecific competitive ability but decreased interspecific competition tolerance; (2) M. micrantha increased tolerance of the negative soil biota effect; and (3) interspecific competition tolerance of M. micrantha was increasingly suppressed by the presence of soil biota, but intraspecific competition tolerance was less affected. These results highlight the importance of the soil biota effect on the evolution of competitive ability during the invasion process. To better control M. micrantha invasion, our results imply that introduction of competition-tolerant native plants that align with conservation priorities may be effective where M. micrantha populations are long-established and inferior in inter- vs. intraspecific competitive ability, whereas eradication may be effective where populations are newly invaded and fast-growing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and UtilizationGuangdong Academy of ForestryGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiaoqiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEnvironment and Plant Protection InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
| | - Xianhua Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and UtilizationGuangdong Academy of ForestryGuangzhouChina
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and UtilizationGuangdong Academy of ForestryGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuedong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and UtilizationGuangdong Academy of ForestryGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuhui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and UtilizationGuangdong Academy of ForestryGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Do not come late to the party: initial success of nonnative species is contingent on timing of arrival of co-occurring nonnatives. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
23
|
Kinlock NL, Munch SB. Interaction network structure and spatial patterns influence invasiveness and invasibility in a stochastic model of plant communities. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Kinlock
- Dept of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook Univ. Stony Brook NY USA
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Santa Cruz CA USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Williams EW, Zeldin J, Semski WR, Hipp AL, Larkin DJ. Phylogenetic distance and resource availability mediate direction and strength of plant interactions in a competition experiment. Oecologia 2021; 197:459-469. [PMID: 34476548 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic ecology uses evolutionary history to improve understanding of plant interactions. Phylogenetic distance can mediate plant interactions such as competition (e.g., via limiting similarity) and facilitation (e.g., via niche complementarity), influencing community assembly patterns. Previous research has found evidence both for and against a relationship between phylogenetic distance and the strength of plant interactions, and has found that other factors, such as trait differences, may be more influential. In addition to phylogenetic distance and species' traits, environmental conditions can also influence competition, with facilitative interactions-particularly among distantly related species-potentially becoming more pronounced under stressful, resource-limited conditions. We tested the prediction that greater phylogenetic distance is associated with decreased competition in a greenhouse experiment using plant species of the North American tallgrass prairie. We calculated the Relative Interaction Index for 81 species pairs using plant height, leaf length, and biomass as indicators of performance. We found that phylogenetic distance alone did not significantly affect competition. However, the interaction between phylogenetic distance and stressful conditions (sandier soils with low nutrient availability and water retention vs. resource-rich potting soil) altered plant traits and competition. Under stressful conditions, more distantly related species competed more strongly, leading to smaller plants. Conversely, under benign conditions more distantly related species pairs competed less and were larger. These results were contrary to our expectations that distant relatives would compete less under stressful conditions. Our experiment provides evidence that, while relatedness alone may not drive competition, phylogenetic distance can nonetheless be influential through interactions with environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn W Williams
- Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, USA. .,Adaptive Restoration LLC., 8864 Offerdahl Road, Mount Horeb, WI, 53572, USA.
| | - Jacob Zeldin
- Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, USA
| | - Wendy R Semski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of WI-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Andrew L Hipp
- Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, USA
| | - Daniel J Larkin
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ogle K, Liu Y, Vicca S, Bahn M. A hierarchical, multivariate meta-analysis approach to synthesising global change experiments. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:2382-2394. [PMID: 34137037 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analyses enable synthesis of results from globally distributed experiments to draw general conclusions about the impacts of global change factors on ecosystem function. Traditional meta-analyses, however, are challenged by the complexity and diversity of experimental results. We illustrate how several key issues can be addressed by a multivariate, hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis (MHBM) approach applied to information extracted from published studies. We applied an MHBM to log-response ratios for aboveground biomass (AB, n = 300), belowground biomass (BB, n = 205) and soil CO2 exchange (SCE, n = 544), representing 100 studies. The MHBM accounted for study duration, climate effects and covariation among the AB, BB and SCE responses to elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) and/or warming. The MHBM revealed significant among-study covariation in the AB and BB responses to experimental treatments. The MHBM imputed missing duration (4.2%) and climate (6%) data, and revealed that climate context governs how eCO2 and warming impact ecosystem function. Predictions identified biomes that may be particularly sensitive to eCO2 or warming, but that are under-represented in global change experiments. The MHBM approach offers a flexible and powerful tool for synthesising disparate experimental results reported across multiple studies, sites and response variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiona Ogle
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Yao Liu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Sara Vicca
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sheppard CS, Brendel MR. Competitive ability of native and alien plants: effects of residence time and invasion status. NEOBIOTA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.65.63179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Competition is commonly thought to underlie the impact of plant invasions. However, competitive effects of aliens and competitive response of natives may also change over time. Indeed, as with time, the novelty of an invader decreases, the accumulated eco-evolutionary experience of resident species may eventually limit invasion success. We aimed to gain insights on whether directional changes in biotic interactions over time or more general differences between natives and aliens, for instance, resulting from an introduction bias, are relevant in determining competitive ability. We conducted a pairwise competition experiment in a target-neighbour design, using 47 Asteraceae species with residence times between 8 years-12,000 years in Germany. We first tested whether there are differences in performance in intraspecific competition amongst invasion status groups, that is casual and established neophytes, archaeophytes or native species. We then evaluated whether competitive response and effects depend on residence time or invasion status. Lastly, we assessed whether competitive effects influence range sizes. We found only limited evidence that native target species tolerate neighbours with longer potential co-existence times better, whereas differences in competitive ability were mostly better explained by invasion status than residence time. Although casual neophytes produced most biomass in intraspecific competition, they had the weakest per-capita competitive effects on natives. Notably, we did not find differences between established neophytes and natives, both of which ranked highest in interspecific competitive ability. This lack of differences might be explained by a biased selection of highly invasive or rare native species in previous studies or because invasion success may result from mechanisms other than interspecific competitive superiority. Accordingly, interspecific per-capita competitive effects did not influence range sizes. Further studies across a broader range of environmental conditions, involving other biotic interactions that indirectly influence plant-plant interactions, may clarify when eco-evolutionary adaptations to new invaders are a relevant mechanism.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yuan L, Li JM, Yu FH, Oduor AMO, van Kleunen M. Allelopathic and competitive interactions between native and alien plants. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02565-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe novel-weapons and homeland-security hypotheses are based on the idea that aliens and natives are not adapted to each other’s allelochemicals as they did not co-evolve. However, as only a few studies have tested this, it remains unclear how important co-evolutionary history is in determining the strength of allelopathic interactions between aliens and natives. Here, we tested for potential pairwise allelopathic effects on each other of five alien and five native herbaceous species in China. We did a germination experiment and a competition experiment. In the germination experiment, we tested whether aqueous extracts of the ten study species had allelopathic effects on each other’s seed germination. In the competition experiment, we tested whether the alien and native species differed in their competitive effects and responses, and whether these were changed by the presence of activated carbon—a presumed allelopathy neutralizer– in the soil. Plant extracts had negative allelopathic effects on seed germination. This was particularly the case for extracts from the native species. Moreover, aqueous extracts had slightly stronger negative effects on germination of the aliens than on germination of the natives. In the competition experiment, on the other hand, the natives suffered more from competition than the alien species did, but we could not relate this to allelopathy. Alien plants had negative competitive and allelopathic effects on native plants, but the reverse was also true. These alien-native interactions, however, were not consistently stronger or weaker than native-native or alien-alien interactions.
Collapse
|
28
|
Möhrle K, Reyes-Aldana HE, Kollmann J, Teixeira LH. Suppression of an Invasive Native Plant Species by Designed Grassland Communities. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040775. [PMID: 33920882 PMCID: PMC8071313 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Grassland biodiversity is declining due to climatic change, land-use intensification, and establishment of invasive plant species. Excluding or suppressing invasive species is a challenge for grassland management. An example is Jacobaea aquatica, an invasive native plant in wet grasslands of Central Europe, that is causing problems to farmers by being poisonous, overabundant, and fast spreading. This study aimed at testing designed grassland communities in a greenhouse experiment, to determine key drivers of initial J. aquatica suppression, thus dismissing the use of pesticides. We used two base communities (mesic and wet grasslands) with three plant traits (plant height, leaf area, seed mass), that were constrained and diversified based on the invader traits. Native biomass, community-weighted mean trait values, and phylogenetic diversity (PD) were used as explanatory variables to understand variation in invasive biomass. The diversified traits leaf area and seed mass, PD, and native biomass significantly affected the invader. High native biomass permanently suppressed the invader, while functional traits needed time to develop effects; PD effects were significant at the beginning of the experiment but disappeared over time. Due to complexity and temporal effects, community weighted mean traits proved to be moderately successful for increasing invasion resistance of designed grassland communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Möhrle
- Restoration Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (J.K.); (L.H.T.)
- Bavarian State Research Centre for Agriculture, Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Hugo E. Reyes-Aldana
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research—UFZ, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Restoration Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (J.K.); (L.H.T.)
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Leonardo H. Teixeira
- Restoration Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (J.K.); (L.H.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cope OL, Lindroth RL, Helm A, Keefover-Ring K, Kruger EL. Trait plasticity and trade-offs shape intra-specific variation in competitive response in a foundation tree species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:710-719. [PMID: 33378548 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tolerate neighboring plants (i.e. degree of competitive response) is a key determinant of plant success in high-competition environments. Plant genotypes adjust their functional trait expression under high levels of competition, which may help explain intra-specific variation in competitive response. However, the relationships between traits and competitive response are not well understood, especially in trees. In this study, we investigated among-genotype associations between tree trait plasticity and competitive response. We manipulated competition intensity in experimental stands of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) to address the covariance between competition-induced changes in functional trait expression and aspects of competitive ability at the genotype level. Genotypic variation in the direction and magnitude of functional trait responses, especially those of crown foliar mass, phytochemistry, and leaf physiology, was associated with genotypic variation in competitive response. Traits exhibited distinct plastic responses to competition, with varying degrees of genotypic variation and covariance with other trait responses. The combination of genotypic diversity and covariance among functional traits led to tree responses to competition that were coordinated among traits yet variable among genotypes. Such relationships between tree traits and competitive success have the potential to shape stand-level trait distributions over space and time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Cope
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Richard L Lindroth
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Andrew Helm
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ken Keefover-Ring
- Departments of Botany and Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Eric L Kruger
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Phenotypic plasticity of invasive Carpobrotus edulis modulates tolerance against herbivores. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
31
|
Atwater DZ, Callaway RM, Xiao S. Competition as a demolition derby: why tolerating competitors is more important than suppressing them. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Z. Atwater
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Inst. on Ecosystems, The Univ. of Montana Missoula MT USA
- Biology Dept, Earlham College Richmond IN USA
| | - Ragan M. Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Inst. on Ecosystems, The Univ. of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - Sa Xiao
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Inst. on Ecosystems, The Univ. of Montana Missoula MT USA
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou Univ. Lanzhou PR China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang Z, Liu Y, Brunel C, van Kleunen M. Soil-microorganism-mediated invasional meltdown in plants. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1612-1621. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
33
|
Zhang X, Yu H, Yu H, Liu C, Fan S, Yu D. Highly competitive native aquatic species could suppress the growth of invasive aquatic species with similar traits. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Ferenc V, Sheppard CS. The stronger, the better – trait hierarchy is driving alien species interaction. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Ferenc
- Inst. of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Univ. of Hohenheim DE‐70593 Stuttgart Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ma X, Qiu D, Wang F, Jiang X, Sui H, Liu Z, Yu S, Ning Z, Gao F, Bai J, Cui B. Tolerance between non-resource stress and an invader determines competition intensity and importance in an invaded estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138225. [PMID: 32408452 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The competition-to-stress hypothesis suggests that some competitively disadvantaged species are excluded from higher inundation estuaries due to abiotic stress (high flooding level) and from lower inundation estuaries by competition. How abiotic and biotic stress interactions affect plant growth and whether competition intensity and importance are stable along environmental gradients is a controversial subject. We explored the influence of two factors, and we clarified that inundation stress and invasion competition are the main reasons leading to the traits exhibited by target plant Suaeda salsa and population presence changes. Our results indicated that when the flooding height exceeded 13.4 cm, the S. salsa mortality rate was 90%-100%. At the lower flooding heights (<13.4 cm), the S. salsa mortality rate when neighboring plants were present was 77.7%-100%, whereas, without neighbors it was 30.9%-83.7%. The invader Spartina alterniflora inhibited S. salsa plant height by 48%-77%, whereas the S. alterniflora inhibited S. salsa density by 11%-98% and reduced its biomass by 50.5%-90.1%. The changes in competition intensity and importance showed that the S. alterniflora had a distinct impact from the early germinant period to growing period (from May to July), finally stable no differences along the flooding height in the maturity period. At the same flooding level, the analysis of above and belowground competition by S. alterniflora showed that aboveground and belowground competition are the main causes of individual S. salsa inhibition. Our results confirm the competitive stress hypothesis, which is that competition shapes individual traits and population presence in the context of abiotic stress. This conclusion can guide the management and protection of native plants under biological invasion in a stressful environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ma
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongdong Qiu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xingpei Jiang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haochen Sui
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zezheng Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuling Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhonghua Ning
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fang Gao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junhong Bai
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Baoshan Cui
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ollivier M, Kazakou E, Corbin M, Sartori K, Gooden B, Lesieur V, Thomann T, Martin JF, Tixier MS. Trait differentiation between native and introduced populations of the invasive plant Sonchus oleraceus L. (Asteraceae). NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.55.49158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that rapid adaptation to novel environments drives successful establishment and spread of invasive plant species. However, the mechanisms driving trait adaptation, such as selection pressure from novel climate niche envelopes, remain poorly tested at global scales. In this study, we investigated differences in 20 traits (relating to growth, resource acquisition, reproduction, phenology and defence) amongst 14 populations of the herbaceous plant Sonchus oleraceus L. (Asteraceae) across its native (Europe and North Africa) and introduced (Australia and New Zealand) ranges. We compared traits amongst populations grown under standard glasshouse conditions. Introduced S. oleraceus plants seemed to outperform native plants, i.e. possessing higher leaf and stem dry matter content, greater number of leaves and were taller at first flowering stage. Although introduced plants produced fewer seeds, they had a higher germination rate than native plants. We found strong evidence for adaptation along temperature and precipitation gradients for several traits (e.g. shoot height, biomass, leaf and stem dry matter contents increased with minimum temperatures, while germination rate decreased with annual precipitations and temperatures), which suggests that similar selective forces shape populations in both the native and invaded ranges. We detected significant shifts in the relationships (i.e. trade-offs) (i) between plant height and flowering time and (ii) between leaf-stem biomass and grain yield between native and introduced plants, indicating that invasion was associated with changes to life-history dynamics that may confer competitive advantages over native vegetation. Specifically, we found that, at first flowering, introduced plants tended to be taller than native ones and that investment in leaf and stem biomass was greater in introduced than in native plants for equivalent levels of grain yield. Our study has demonstrated that climatic conditions may drive rapid adaption to novel environments in invasive plant species.
Collapse
|
37
|
The application of meta-analytic (multi-level) models with multiple random effects: A systematic review. Behav Res Methods 2020; 52:2031-2052. [DOI: 10.3758/s13428-020-01373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
38
|
Klinerová T, Dostál P. Nutrient-demanding species face less negative competition and plant-soil feedback effects in a nutrient-rich environment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1343-1354. [PMID: 31569272 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) and plant-plant competition influence performance and abundance of plants. To what extent the two biotic interactions are interrelated and thus affect plant performance in combination rather than in isolation remains poorly explored. It is also unclear how the abiotic context, such as resource availability, modifies individual and joint effects of PSFs and of plant-plant competition. Using a garden experiment, we assessed the strengths of PSFs, competition, and their combined effects explored under low and high nutrient levels, and related them to abundance of 46 plant species and their ecological optima with respect to soil nutrients. We found that PSFs reduced but did not eliminate differences in competitive ability of plant species. Isolated and combined effects of the biotic interactions poorly predicted local or regional abundance of species. They were rather related to species' ecological optima, as nutrient-demanding plants experienced less negative biotic effects but only in a nutrient-rich environment. Our study demonstrates that soil biota can mitigate differences in competitive ability among species. It remains to be tested whether such an equalizing effect can maintain coexistence under high nutrient availability, in which nutrient-demanding species may disproportionately benefit from less negative competition and PSF effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Klinerová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice,, CZ 252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dostál
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice,, CZ 252 43, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kinlock NL. A Meta-analysis of Plant Interaction Networks Reveals Competitive Hierarchies as well as Facilitation and Intransitivity. Am Nat 2019; 194:640-653. [PMID: 31613666 DOI: 10.1086/705293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The extent to which competitive interactions and niche differentiation structure communities has been highly controversial. To quantify evidence for key features of plant community structure, I recharacterized published data from interaction experiments as networks of competitive and facilitative interactions. I measured the network structure of 31 woody and herbaceous communities, including the intensity, distribution, and diversity of interactions at the species-pair and community levels to determine the generality of competition, winner-loser relationships, and unequal interaction allocation. I developed novel methodology using meta-analysis to incorporate interaction uncertainty into estimates of structural metrics among independent networks. Plant communities were competitive, but intraspecific interactions were sometimes more intense than interspecific interactions. On the whole, interactions were imbalanced and communities were transitive. However, facilitation, balanced interactions, and intransitivity were common in individual communities. Synthesizing network metrics using meta-analysis is an original approach with which to generalize community structure in a systematic way.
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang Z, van Kleunen M. Common alien plants are more competitive than rare natives but not than common natives. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1378-1386. [PMID: 31207021 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Success of alien plants is often attributed to high competitive ability. However, not all aliens become dominant, and not all natives are vulnerable to competitive exclusion. Here, we quantified competitive outcomes and their determinants, using response-surface experiments, in 48 pairs of native and naturalised alien annuals that are common or rare in Germany. Overall, aliens were not more competitive than natives. However, common aliens (invasive) were, despite strong limitation by intraspecific competition, more competitive than rare natives. This is because alien species had higher intrinsic growth rates than natives, and common species had higher intrinsic growth rates than rare ones. Strength of interspecific competition was not related to status or commonness. Our work highlights the importance of including commonness in understanding invasion success. It suggests that variation among species in intrinsic growth rates is more important in competitive outcomes than inter- or intraspecific competition, and thus contributes to invasion success and rarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ramirez KS, Snoek LB, Koorem K, Geisen S, Bloem LJ, Ten Hooven F, Kostenko O, Krigas N, Manrubia M, Caković D, van Raaij D, Tsiafouli MA, Vreš B, Čelik T, Weser C, Wilschut RA, van der Putten WH. Range-expansion effects on the belowground plant microbiome. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:604-611. [PMID: 30911144 PMCID: PMC6443080 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant range expansion is occurring at a rapid pace, largely in response to human-induced climate warming. Although the movement of plants along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients is well-documented, effects on belowground microbial communities remain largely unknown. Furthermore, for range expansion, not all plant species are equal: in a new range, the relatedness between range-expanding plant species and native flora can influence plant-microorganism interactions. Here we use a latitudinal gradient spanning 3,000 km across Europe to examine bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere and surrounding soils of range-expanding plant species. We selected range-expanding plants with and without congeneric native species in the new range and, as a control, the congeneric native species, totalling 382 plant individuals collected across Europe. In general, the status of a plant as a range-expanding plant was a weak predictor of the composition of bacterial and fungal communities. However, microbial communities of range-expanding plant species became more similar to each other further from their original range. Range-expanding plants that were unrelated to the native community also experienced a decrease in the ratio of plant pathogens to symbionts, giving weak support to the enemy release hypothesis. Even at a continental scale, the effects of plant range expansion on the belowground microbiome are detectable, although changes to specific taxa remain difficult to decipher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Ramirez
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - L Basten Snoek
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kadri Koorem
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - L Janneke Bloem
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Olga Kostenko
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marta Manrubia
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Danka Caković
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | | | - Maria A Tsiafouli
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Branko Vreš
- Biološki inštitut Jovana Hadžija, ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatjana Čelik
- Biološki inštitut Jovana Hadžija, ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carolin Weser
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger A Wilschut
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Relative performance of co-occurring alien plant invaders depends on traits related to competitive ability more than niche differences. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
43
|
Warren RJ, Reed K, Mathew A, Krupp K, Goodman M, Archibald K, Spiering DJ. Release from intraspecific competition promotes dominance of a non-native invader. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|