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Kennerley JA, Somveille M, Hauber ME, Richardson NM, Manica A, Feeney WE. The overlooked complexity of avian brood parasite-host relationships. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1889-1904. [PMID: 35763605 PMCID: PMC9543277 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between avian brood parasites and their hosts are widely recognised as model systems for studying coevolution. However, while most brood parasites are known to parasitise multiple species of host and hosts are often subject to parasitism by multiple brood parasite species, the examination of multispecies interactions remains rare. Here, we compile data on all known brood parasite-host relationships and find that complex brood parasite-host systems, where multiple species of brood parasites and hosts coexist and interact, are globally commonplace. By examining patterns of past research, we outline the disparity between patterns of network complexity and past research emphases and discuss factors that may be associated with these patterns. Drawing on insights gained from other systems that have embraced a multispecies framework, we highlight the potential benefits of considering brood parasite-host interactions as ecological networks and brood parasitism as a model system for studying multispecies interactions. Overall, our results provide new insights into the diversity of these relationships, highlight the stark mismatch between past research efforts and global patterns of network complexity, and draw attention to the opportunities that more complex arrangements offer for examining how species interactions shape global patterns of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marius Somveille
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark E Hauber
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Andrea Manica
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William E Feeney
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.,Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Starnberg, Germany
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2
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Teunissen N, Kingma SA, Fan M, Roast MJ, Peters A. Context-dependent social benefits drive cooperative predator defense in a bird. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4120-4126.e4. [PMID: 34302740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the major evolutionary transition from solitary individuals to complex societies is hampered by incomplete insight into the drivers of living in cooperative groups.1-3 This may be because the benefits of sociality can derive from group living itself (e.g., dilution of predation risk),4,5 or depend on social context (e.g., kin or potential mates represent beneficial group members).6-8 Cooperative breeders, where non-breeding subordinates assist breeders, have provided important insights into the drivers of cooperation, but comprehensive assessment of diverse potential benefits has been hindered by a prevailing focus on benefits deriving from raising offspring.9-11 We propose a novel paradigm to tease apart different benefits by comparing cooperative responses to predators threatening dependent young and adult group members according to their value for the responding individual. Applying this approach in purple-crowned fairy-wrens, Malurus coronatus, we show that non-breeding subordinates are more responsive to nest predators-a threat to offspring-when their probability of inheriting a breeding position is greater-irrespective of group size, relatedness to offspring, or opportunity to showcase individual quality to potential mates. This suggests that offspring defense is modulated according to the benefits of raising future helpers. Conversely, when predators pose a threat to adults, responsiveness depends on social context: subordinates respond more often when kin or potential mates are under threat, or when group members are associated with mutualistic social bonds, indirect genetic benefits, and future reproductive benefits.9,12,13 Our results demonstrate that direct and kin-selected benefits of sociality are context dependent, and highlight the importance of predation risk in driving complex sociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Teunissen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Sjouke A Kingma
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708 WD, the Netherlands
| | - Marie Fan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael J Roast
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anne Peters
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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3
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Domestication via the commensal pathway in a fish-invertebrate mutualism. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6253. [PMID: 33288750 PMCID: PMC7721709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Domesticator-domesticate relationships are specialized mutualisms where one species provides multigenerational support to another in exchange for a resource or service, and through which both partners gain an advantage over individuals outside the relationship. While this ecological innovation has profoundly reshaped the world’s landscapes and biodiversity, the ecological circumstances that facilitate domestication remain uncertain. Here, we show that longfin damselfish (Stegastes diencaeus) aggressively defend algae farms on which they feed, and this protective refuge selects a domesticator-domesticate relationship with planktonic mysid shrimps (Mysidium integrum). Mysids passively excrete nutrients onto farms, which is associated with enriched algal composition, and damselfish that host mysids exhibit better body condition compared to those without. Our results suggest that the refuge damselfish create as a byproduct of algal tending and the mutual habituation that damselfish and mysids exhibit towards one another were instrumental in subsequent mysid domestication. These results are consistent with domestication via the commensal pathway, by which many common examples of animal domestication are hypothesized to have evolved. It has been hypothesized that domestication can occur through the ‘commensal pathway’ in which the domesticate takes advantage of a niche created as a byproduct by the domesticator. Here, Brooker et al. provide evidence for a commensal domestication process between longfin damselfish and mysid shrimps.
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Barbasch TA, Rueger T, Srinivasan M, Wong MYL, Jones GP, Buston PM. Substantial plasticity of reproduction and parental care in response to local resource availability in a wild clownfish population. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa Rueger
- Dept of Biology and Marine Program, Boston Univ. Boston MA USA
| | - Maya Srinivasan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook Univ. Townsville QLD Australia
| | - Marian Y. L. Wong
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Geoffrey P. Jones
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook Univ. Townsville QLD Australia
| | - Peter M. Buston
- Dept of Biology and Marine Program, Boston Univ. Boston MA USA
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Tariel J, Longo G, Quiros A, Crane NL, Tenggardjaja K, Jackson A, Lyon BE, Bernardi G. Alloparental care in the sea: Brood parasitism and adoption within and between two species of coral reef Altrichthys damselfish? Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4680-4691. [PMID: 31520569 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of parental care opens the door for the evolution of brood parasitic strategies that allow individuals to gain the benefits of parental care without paying the costs. Here we provide the first documentation for alloparental care in coral reef fish and we discuss why these patterns may reflect conspecific and interspecific brood parasitism. Species-specific barcodes revealed the existence of low levels (3.5% of all offspring) of mixed interspecific broods, mostly juvenile Amblyglyphidodon batunai and Pomacentrus smithi damselfish in Altrichthys broods. A separate analysis of conspecific parentage based on microsatellite markers revealed that mixed parentage broods are common in both species, and the genetic patterns are consistent with two different modes of conspecific brood parasitism, although further studies are required to determine the specific mechanisms responsible for these mixed parentage broods. While many broods had offspring from multiple parasites, in many cases a given brood contained only a single foreign offspring, perhaps a consequence of the movement of lone juveniles between nests. In other cases, broods contained large numbers of putative parasitic offspring from the same parents and we propose that these are more likely to be cases where parasitic adults laid a large number of eggs in the host nest than the result of movements of large numbers of offspring from a single brood after hatching. The evidence that these genetic patterns reflect adaptive brood parasitism, as well as possible costs and benefits of parasitism to hosts and parasites, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Tariel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Gary Longo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Angela Quiros
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Tenggardjaja
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Jackson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,The Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce E Lyon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Giacomo Bernardi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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6
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Baliga VB, Mehta RS. Morphology, Ecology, and Biogeography of Independent Origins of Cleaning Behavior Around the World. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 59:625-637. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Members of an ecological guild may be anticipated to show morphological convergence, as similar functional demands exert similar selective pressures on phenotypes. Nature is rife with examples, however, where such taxa instead exhibit ‘incomplete’ convergence or even divergence. Incorporating factors such as character displacement by other guild members or variation in ecological specialization itself may therefore be necessary to gain a more complete understanding of what constrains or promotes diversity. Cleaning, a behavior in which species remove and consume ectoparasites from “clientele,” has been shown to exhibit variation in specialization and has evolved in a variety of marine habitats around the globe. To determine the extent to which specialization in this tropic strategy has affected phenotypic evolution, we examined the evolution of cleaning behavior in five marine fish families: Labridae, Gobiidae, Pomacanthidae, Pomacentridae, and Embiotocidae. We used a comparative framework to determine patterns of convergence and divergence in body shape and size across non-cleaning and cleaning members within these five clades. Highly specialized obligate cleaning, found in the Indo-Pacific and the Caribbean, evolved in the Labridae and Gobiidae at strikingly similar times. In these two regions, obligate cleaning evolves early, shows convergence on an elongate body shape, and is restricted to species of small body size. Facultative cleaning, shown either throughout ontogeny or predominately in the juvenile phase, exhibits a much more varied phenotype, especially in geographic regions where obligate cleaning occurs. Collectively, our results are consistent with varying extents of an ecological specialization constraining or spurring morphological evolution in recurrent ways across regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram B Baliga
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rita S Mehta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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