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DeHaan LM, Burns MD, Egan JP, Bloom DD. Diadromy Drives Elevated Rates of Trait Evolution and Ecomorphological Convergence in Clupeiformes (Herring, Shad, and Anchovies). Am Nat 2023; 202:830-850. [PMID: 38033182 DOI: 10.1086/726894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMigration can have a profound influence on rates and patterns of phenotypic evolution. Diadromy is the migration between marine and freshwater habitats for feeding and reproduction that can require individuals to travel tens to thousands of kilometers. The high energetic demands of diadromy are predicted to select for ecomorphological traits that maximize swimming and locomotor efficiency. Intraspecific studies have shown repeated instances of divergence among diadromous and nondiadromous populations in locomotor and foraging traits, which suggests that at a macroevolutionary scale diadromous lineages may experience convergent evolution onto one or multiple adaptive optima. We tested for differences in rates and patterns of phenotypic evolution among diadromous and nondiadromous lineages in Clupeiformes, a clade that has evolved diadromy more than 10 times. Our results show that diadromous clupeiforms show convergent evolution for some locomotor traits and faster rates of evolution, which we propose are adaptive responses to the locomotor demands of migration. We also find evidence that diadromous lineages show convergence into multiple regions of multivariate trait space and suggest that these respective trait spaces are associated with differences in migration and trophic ecology. However, not all locomotor traits and no trophic traits show evidence of convergence or elevated rates of evolution associated with diadromy. Our results show that long-distance migration influences the tempo and patterns of phenotypic evolution at macroevolutionary scales, but there is not a single diadromous syndrome.
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de Brito V, Betancur-R R, Burns MD, Buser TJ, Conway KW, Fontenelle JP, Kolmann MA, McCraney WT, Thacker CE, Bloom DD. Patterns of Phenotypic Evolution Associated with Marine/Freshwater Transitions in Fishes. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:406-423. [PMID: 35675320 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary transitions between marine and freshwater ecosystems have occurred repeatedly throughout the phylogenetic history of fishes. The theory of ecological opportunity predicts that lineages that colonize species-poor regions will have greater potential for phenotypic diversification than lineages invading species-rich regions. Thus, transitions between marine and freshwaters may promote phenotypic diversification in trans-marine/freshwater fish clades. We used phylogenetic comparative methods to analyze body size data in nine major fish clades that have crossed the marine/freshwater boundary. We explored how habitat transitions, ecological opportunity, and community interactions influenced patterns of phenotypic diversity. Our analyses indicated that transitions between marine and freshwater habitats did not drive body size evolution, and there are few differences in body size between marine and freshwater lineages. We found that body size disparity in freshwater lineages is not correlated with the number of independent transitions to freshwaters. We found a positive correlation between body size disparity and overall species richness of a given area, and a negative correlation between body size disparity and diversity of closely related species. Our results indicate that the diversity of incumbent freshwater species does not restrict phenotypic diversification, but the diversity of closely related taxa can limit body size diversification. Ecological opportunity arising from colonization of novel habitats does not seem to have a major effect in the trajectory of body size evolution in trans-marine/freshwater clades. Moreover, competition with closely related taxa in freshwaters has a greater effect than competition with distantly related incumbent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor de Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA
| | - Ricardo Betancur-R
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Room 314, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Michael D Burns
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell Museum of Vertebrates, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850-1923, USA
| | - Thaddaeus J Buser
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, W100 George R. Brown Hall, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Kevin W Conway
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - João Pedro Fontenelle
- Institute of Forestry and Conservation, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Matthew A Kolmann
- Museum of Paleontology, Biological Sciences Building, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA
| | - W Tyler McCraney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 612 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7246, USA
| | - Christine E Thacker
- Research and Collections, Section of Ichthyology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.,Vertebrate Zoology, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA
| | - Devin D Bloom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA.,Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Western Michigan University, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5419, USA
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Velotta JP, McCormick SD, Whitehead A, Durso CS, Schultz ET. Repeated Genetic Targets of Natural Selection Underlying Adaptation of Fishes to Changing Salinity. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:357-375. [PMID: 35661215 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological transitions across salinity boundaries have led to some of the most important diversification events in the animal kingdom, especially among fishes. Adaptations accompanying such transitions include changes in morphology, diet, whole-organism performance, and osmoregulatory function, which may be particularly prominent since divergent salinity regimes make opposing demands on systems that maintain ion and water balance. Research in the last decade has focused on the genetic targets underlying such adaptations, most notably by comparing populations of species that are distributed across salinity boundaries. Here, we synthesize research on the targets of natural selection using whole-genome approaches, with a particular emphasis on the osmoregulatory system. Given the complex, integrated and polygenic nature of this system, we expected that signatures of natural selection would span numerous genes across functional levels of osmoregulation, especially salinity sensing, hormonal control, and cellular ion exchange mechanisms. We find support for this prediction: genes coding for V-type, Ca2+, and Na+/K+-ATPases, which are key cellular ion exchange enzymes, are especially common targets of selection in species from six orders of fishes. This indicates that while polygenic selection contributes to adaptation across salinity boundaries, changes in ATPase enzymes may be of particular importance in supporting such transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Velotta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- USGS, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Turners Falls, MA 01376, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003USA
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Catherine S Durso
- Department of Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Eric T Schultz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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