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Mirzaei M, Younkin GC, Powell AF, Alani ML, Strickler SR, Jander G. Aphid Resistance Segregates Independently of Cardenolide and Glucosinolate Content in an Erysimum cheiranthoides (Wormseed Wallflower) F2 Population. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:466. [PMID: 38498451 PMCID: PMC10893121 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Plants in the genus Erysimum produce both glucosinolates and cardenolides as a defense mechanism against herbivory. Two natural isolates of Erysimum cheiranthoides (wormseed wallflower) differed in their glucosinolate content, cardenolide content, and their resistance to Myzus persicae (green peach aphid), a broad generalist herbivore. Both classes of defensive metabolites were produced constitutively and were not further induced by aphid feeding. To investigate the relative importance of glucosinolates and cardenolides in E. cheiranthoides defense, we generated an improved genome assembly, genetic map, and segregating F2 population. The genotypic and phenotypic analysis of the F2 plants identified quantitative trait loci, which affected glucosinolates and cardenolides, but not the aphid resistance. The abundance of most glucosinolates and cardenolides was positively correlated in the F2 population, indicating that similar processes regulate their biosynthesis and accumulation. Aphid reproduction was positively correlated with glucosinolate content. Although the overall cardenolide content had little effect on aphid growth and survival, there was a negative correlation between aphid reproduction and helveticoside abundance. However, this variation in defensive metabolites could not explain the differences in aphid growth on the two parental lines, suggesting that processes other than the abundance of glucosinolates and cardenolides have a predominant effect on aphid resistance in E. cheiranthoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Mirzaei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.M.); (G.C.Y.); (A.F.P.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Gordon C. Younkin
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.M.); (G.C.Y.); (A.F.P.); (M.L.A.)
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Adrian F. Powell
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.M.); (G.C.Y.); (A.F.P.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Martin L. Alani
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.M.); (G.C.Y.); (A.F.P.); (M.L.A.)
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Susan R. Strickler
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL 60022, USA;
- Plant Biology and Conservation Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.M.); (G.C.Y.); (A.F.P.); (M.L.A.)
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Mirzaei M, Younkin GC, Powell AF, Alani ML, Strickler SR, Jander G. Aphid resistance segregates independently of cardiac glycoside and glucosinolate content in an Erysimum cheiranthoides (wormseed wallflower) F2 population. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.11.575310. [PMID: 38293015 PMCID: PMC10827086 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.11.575310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Plants in the genus Erysimum produce both glucosinolates and cardiac glycosides as defense against herbivory. Two natural isolates of Erysimum cheiranthoides (wormseed wallflower) differed in their glucosinolate content, cardiac glycoside content, and resistance to Myzus persicae (green peach aphid), a broad generalist herbivore. Both classes of defensive metabolites were produced constitutively and were not induced further by aphid feeding. To investigate the relative importance of glucosinolates and cardiac glycosides in E. cheiranthoides defense, we generated an improved genome assembly, genetic map, and segregating F2 population. Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of the F2 plants identified quantitative trait loci affecting glucosinolates and cardiac glycosides, but not aphid resistance. The abundance of most glucosinolates and cardiac glycosides was positively correlated in the F2 population, indicating that similar processes regulate their biosynthesis and accumulation. Aphid reproduction was positively correlated with glucosinolate content. Although overall cardiac glycoside content had little effect on aphid growth and survival, there was a negative correlation between aphid reproduction and helveticoside abundance. However, this variation in defensive metabolites could not explain the differences in aphid growth on the two parental lines, suggesting that processes other than the abundance of glucosinolates and cardiac glycosides have a predominant effect on aphid resistance in E. cheiranthoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Mirzaei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
| | - Gordon C. Younkin
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | - Martin L. Alani
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
- Present address: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Susan R. Strickler
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL 60022, USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
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Fernández de Bobadilla M, Vitiello A, Erb M, Poelman EH. Plant defense strategies against attack by multiple herbivores. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:528-535. [PMID: 35027280 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants may effectively tailor defenses by recognizing their attackers and reprogramming their physiology. Although most plants are under attack by a large diversity of herbivores, surprisingly little is known about the physiological capabilities of plants to deal with attack by multiple herbivores. Studies on dual herbivore attack identified that defense against one attacker may cause energetic and physiological constraints to deal with a second attacker. How these constraints shape plant plasticity in defense to their full community of attackers is a major knowledge gap in plant science. Here, we provide a framework for plant defense to multiherbivore attack by defining the repertoire of plastic defense strategies that may allow plants to optimize their defenses against a multitude of stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Vitiello
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erik H Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Koskinen JS, Abrego N, Vesterinen EJ, Schulz T, Roslin T, Nyman T. Imprints of latitude, host taxon, and decay stage on fungus‐associated arthropod communities. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janne S. Koskinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Nerea Abrego
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Finland
| | | | - Torsti Schulz
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki Finland
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Tommi Nyman
- Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Svanvik Norway
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