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Komar A, Dickson K, Alavinia M, Bruno T, Bayley M, Feinstein A, Scandiffio J, Simpson R. Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on cognition in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1339851. [PMID: 39071226 PMCID: PMC11272459 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1339851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive impairment affects up to 65% of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), undermining functional independence and quality of life. The objective of this study is to synthesize existing randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence on the effects of Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on cognitive function in PwMS. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted to identify RCTs assessing MBIs effects on cognitive functioning in PwMS. Using pre-defined criteria, two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and extracted data from included studies. Meta-analysis was performed, where possible, using a random effects model. Narrative synthesis was undertaken. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidance was followed. PROSPERO_ID:(CRD42021286429). Results Twelve eligible RCTs were identified, n=700 PwMS. MBIs included both standardized and tailored interventions, in-person and virtually. A variety of measures of cognitive functioning were reported. Five studies (n=254 PwMS) were included in meta-analysis; pooled results suggested MBIs effectively improved scores on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)-2 (SMD=0.38; 95% CI 0.06-0.71; I2 63%; p=0.02), whereas improvements were of borderline significance on the PASAT-3 (SMD=0.32; 95% CI -0.01-0.64; I2 65%; p=0.06), and, although trending to positive, were statistically insignificant on the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (SMD=0.34; 95 CI -0.05-0.74; I2 0%; p=0.09) and Symbol Digits Modality Test (SMD=0.25; 95% CI -0.15-0.66; I2 0%; p=0.21). Conclusion Preliminary findings in meta-analysis are inconsistent but suggest potential benefits from MBI training on cognitive functioning in PwMS. High quality RCTs are necessary to test more definitively the impact of MBIs on cognitive functioning in PwMS. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021286429.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Komar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mohammad Alavinia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tania Bruno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Bayley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Feinstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Robert Simpson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Wills O, Probst Y. Towards new perspectives: A scoping review and meta-synthesis to redefine brain health for multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16210. [PMID: 38226556 PMCID: PMC11235954 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Research promoting the health of the brain has increased exponentially over the last decade. The importance of 'brain health' for multiple sclerosis (MS), as one example, is a high priority. However, as research into the concept increases, so does varied use of the term. METHODS A scoping review, guided by the methodological framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute, was conducted to collate the evidence relating to brain health for MS. A comprehensive literature search incorporated six search strategies to retrieve both scientific and grey literature sources. All evidence sources were qualitatively charted and synthesized (meta-synthesis) according to their definition of brain health used, outcome measures and brain-healthy lifestyle elements. RESULTS Seventy evidence sources (34 peer reviewed, 36 grey literature) were eligible for inclusion. Of these, just over half (n = 40, 57%) provided a definition of brain health. The most common definition alluded to the biomedical model of neurological reserve (n = 22, 55%), a self-remodelling theory described to retain optimal brain function. Twenty-nine outcome measures of brain health were identified, the most frequent being magnetic resonance imaging metrics (n = 25, 83%). Physical activity was the most prevalent brain-healthy lifestyle element (n = 44), followed by avoidance of smoking (n = 26) and diet (n = 24). CONCLUSIONS Brain health should be considered a primary target for optimal disease and lifestyle management across the MS disease course. A working definition reflecting a shift from a medical lens towards broader biopsychosocial contexts that may influence brain health for people living with MS is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Wills
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Yasmine Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
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Stein C, O'Keeffe F, Strahan O, McGuigan C, Bramham J. Systematic review of cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis: Accounting for physical disability, fatigue, depression, and anxiety. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 79:105017. [PMID: 37806233 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) describes an individual's ability to adapt cognitive processes in response to brain atrophy, and has been reported to explain some of the discrepancy between brain atrophy and cognitive functioning outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). CR in MS is typically investigated by assessing an individual's pre- and/or post-diagnosis enrichment, which includes premorbid intellectual abilities, educational level, occupational attainment, and engagement in cognitively enriching leisure activities. Common MS symptoms (e.g., physical disability, fatigue, depression, anxiety) may impact an individual's ability to engage in various CR-enhancing activities post-diagnosis. It is unknown to what extent these MS symptoms have been taken into account in MS research on CR. As such, we identified whether studies assessed CR using measures of premorbid or continuous (including post-diagnosis) enrichment. For studies investigating continuous enrichment, we identified whether studies accounted for MS-impact, which MS symptoms were accounted for, and how, and whether studies acknowledged MS symptoms as potential CR-confounds. METHODS Three electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus) were searched. Eligible studies investigated CR proxies (e.g., estimated premorbid intellectual abilities, vocabulary knowledge, educational level, occupational attainment, cognitively enriching leisure activities, or a combination thereof) in relation to cognitive, brain atrophy or connectivity, or daily functioning outcomes in adult participants with MS. We extracted data on methods and measures used, including any MS symptoms taken into account. Objectives were addressed using frequency analyses and narrative synthesis. RESULTS 115 studies were included in this review. 47.8% of all studies investigated continuous enrichment. Approximately half of the studies investigating continuous enrichment accounted for potential MS-impact in their analyses, with only 31.0% clearly identifying that they treated MS symptoms as potential confounds for CR-enhancement. A narrative synthesis of studies which investigated CR with and without controlling statistically for MS-impact indicated that accounting for MS symptoms may impact findings concerning the protective nature of CR. CONCLUSION Fewer than half of the studies investigating CR proxies in MS involved continuous enrichment. Just over half of these studies accounted for potential MS-impact in their analyses. To achieve a more complete and accurate understanding of CR in MS, future research should investigate both pre-MS and continuous enrichment. In doing so, MS symptoms and their potential impact should be considered. Establishing greater consistency and rigour across CR research in MS will be crucial to produce an evidence base for the development of interventions aimed at improving quality of care and life for pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Stein
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Fiadhnait O'Keeffe
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Orla Strahan
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christopher McGuigan
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jessica Bramham
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Grant JG, Rapport LJ, Darling R, Waldron-Perrine B, Lumley MA, Whitfield KE, Bernitsas E. Cognitive enrichment and education quality moderate cognitive dysfunction in black and white adults with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 78:104916. [PMID: 37552903 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which three sociobehavioral proxies of cognitive reserve-years of education, education quality, and cognitive enrichment-differ in their prediction of cognitive performance among Black and White people with MS (PwMS). METHODS 82 PwMS (Black n = 41, White n = 41) underwent a neurological examination and a neuropsychological evaluation that included tests of word recognition (Wechsler Test of Adult Reading) as well as measures of verbal memory, visuospatial memory, and processing speed (the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS; BICAMS). Participants rated their lifetime engagement in various cognitively-enriching activities (Cognitive Reserve Scale). RESULTS For the full sample, education quality and cognitive enrichment were more strongly associated with cognitive performance than were years of education. Cognitive enrichment was not associated with cognitive performance among participants with high education quality. In contrast, among participants with low education quality, cognitive enrichment was strongly associated with cognitive performance, suggesting that high engagement in cognitively-enriching activities provided similar protection to high education quality. Furthermore, among Black participants, cognitive enrichment and educational quality moderated the relationship between disability level and cognitive performance. In contrast, among White participants, cognitive enrichment did not provide additional protection beyond the buffering effect of education quality. CONCLUSIONS PwMS can successfully build reserve through multiple routes, including formal education or informal cognitive enrichment. Treatment for MS should incorporate cognitively-enriching activities to build resilience against cognitive decline, particularly for members of marginalized racial/ethnic groups, who are at greatest risk for poor health outcomes, and for whom years of education may not best reflect education quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy G Grant
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Lisa J Rapport
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Rachel Darling
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Brigid Waldron-Perrine
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mark A Lumley
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Keith E Whitfield
- Department of Psychology and Department of Brain Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Evanthia Bernitsas
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Clinical and MRI predictors of cognitive decline in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 2-year longitudinal study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 65:103838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liu G, Zhang X, Huo X, Li W. Prevalence, Influencing Factors, and Clinical Characteristics of Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:910814. [PMID: 35733805 PMCID: PMC9207234 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.910814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, influencing factors, and clinical characteristics of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 264 elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia and 156 normal controls were enrolled in the current study. The Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess their overall cognitive function, the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess their psychotic symptoms, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess their depressive symptoms, while Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) was used to assess their daily living ability. RESULTS The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 77.7% (205/264) in elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia, which was much higher than that [16.7% (26/156)] in normal controls. By using stepwise binary regression analysis, we found that hobbies (p < 0.001, OR = 0.224, 95% CI: 0.114-0.441) might be a protective factor for cognitive impairment, and this relationship remained statistically significant after adjusting for total scores of GDS, ADL and PANSS (model b ) (p = 0.016, OR = 0.406, 95% CI: 0.195-0.847). Compared with individuals without cognitive impairment, individuals with cognitive impairment tend to have more depression and psychiatric symptoms as well as worse activities of daily living (p < 0.05). Through linear regression analysis of the mediating model, we found that hobbies may improve cognitive function by improving psychiatric symptoms, and play a partial mediating role (B = -4.789, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Cognitive impairment is a very prominent problem in elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia. Elderly schizophrenia patients with cognitive impairment tended to have more depressive mood, more psychotic symptoms and worse activities of daily living. Hobbies will help prevent cognitive impairment in elderly patients with schizophrenia and may improve their cognitive function by influencing psychiatric symptoms. Therefore, we should encourage elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia to develop their own hobbies. However, the above conclusion still need to be further verified, as we cannot exclude the effects of age and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Huo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Sugita A, Ling L, Tsuji T, Kondo K, Kawachi I. Cultural engagement and incidence of cognitive impairment: A six-year longitudinal follow-up of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). J Epidemiol 2020; 31:545-553. [PMID: 32963208 PMCID: PMC8421199 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20190337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Active engagement in intellectually enriching activities reportedly lowers the risk of cognitive decline; however, few studies have examined this association, including engagement in traditional cultural activities. This study aimed to elucidate the types of cultural engagement associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment. Methods We examined the association between cultural engagement and cognitive impairment using Cox proportional hazards models in a cohort of 44,985 participants (20,772 males and 24,213 females) aged 65 years or older of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study from 2010 to 2016. Intellectual activities (eg, reading books, magazines, and/or newspapers), creative activities (eg, crafts and painting), and traditional cultural activities (eg, poetry composition [haiku], calligraphy, and tea ceremony/flower arrangement) were included among cultural engagement activities. Results Over a follow-up period of 6 years, incident cognitive disability was observed in 4,198 respondents (9.3%). After adjusting for potential confounders, such as depression and social support, intellectual activities were protectively associated with the risk of cognitive impairment (hazard ratio [HR] for those who read and stated that reading was their hobby, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66–0.85 and HR for those who read but did not consider reading a hobby, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.65–0.80). Engagement in creative activities was also significantly correlated with lower risk of cognitive impairment (crafts: HR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.62–0.81 and painting: HR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66–0.96). The association between traditional cultural activities and the risk of cognitive impairment was not statistically significant. Conclusions Engagement in intellectual and creative activities may be associated with reduced risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Ling
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University.,Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
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Xu H, Yang R, Dintica C, Qi X, Song R, Bennett DA, Xu W. Association of lifespan cognitive reserve indicator with the risk of mild cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:873-882. [PMID: 32342664 PMCID: PMC10321560 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association of lifespan cognitive reserve (CR) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains controversial. We aimed to examine the association of lifespan CR indicator with the risk of MCI and its progression to dementia, taking brain pathologies into account. METHODS In a community-based cohort study (mean age, 79 years) with annual follow-up (median, 5.16 years; maximum, 20 years), a cognitively intact group (n = 1182) and an MCI group (n = 420) were identified at baseline. During the follow-up, 611 participants died and underwent autopsies. CR indicator encompassing education, early life to late-life cognitive and social activities were obtained and tertiled. RESULTS The multi-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of MCI was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58 to 0.90) in the cognitively intact group, and the HR of dementia was 0.66 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.97) in the MCI group for participants with the highest CR indicator (reference: the lowest CR indicator). Among MCI participants with brain pathologies, dementia incidence was about 50% lower in people with the highest CR indicator than the lowest CR indicator. DISCUSSION High lifespan CR indicator reduces risk of MCI, and delays its progression to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Christina Dintica
- Dept. of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiuying Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruixue Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60612
| | - Weili Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Dept. of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Morelli ME, Baldini S, Sartori A, D'Acunto L, Dinoto A, Bosco A, Bratina A, Manganotti P. Early putamen hypertrophy and ongoing hippocampus atrophy predict cognitive performance in the first ten years of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:2893-2904. [PMID: 32333180 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first years of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) constitute the most vulnerable phase for the progression of cognitive impairment (CImp), due to a gradual decrease of compensatory mechanisms. In the first 10 years of RRMS, the temporal volumetric changes of deep gray matter structures must be clarified, since they could constitute reliable cognitive biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. METHODS Forty-five cognitively asymptomatic patients with RRMS lasting ≤ 10 years, and with a brain MRI performed in a year from the neuropsychological evaluation (Te-MRI), were included. They performed the Brief International Cognitive Assessment battery for MS. Thirty-one brain MRIs performed in the year of diagnosis (Td-MRI) and 13 brain MRIs of age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were also included in the study. The relationships between clinical features, cognitive performances, and Te- and Td-MRI volumes were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Cognitively preserved (CP) patients had significantly increased Td-L-putamen (P = 0.035) and Td-R-putamen volume (P = 0.027) with respect to cognitively impaired (CI) ones. CI patients had significantly reduced Te-L-hippocampus (P = 0.019) and Te-R-hippocampus volume (P = 0.042) compared, respectively, with Td-L-hippocampus and Td-R-hippocampus volume. Td-L-putamen volume (P = 0.011) and Te-L-hippocampus volume (P = 0.023) were independent predictors of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test score in all patients (r2 = 0.31, F = 6.175, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION In the first years of RRMS, putamen hypertrophy and hippocampus atrophy could represent promising indices of cognitive performance and reserve, and become potentially useful tools for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Morelli
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sara Baldini
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Arianna Sartori
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura D'Acunto
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dinoto
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Bosco
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessio Bratina
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Manganotti
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
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Nasios G, Bakirtzis C, Messinis L. Cognitive Impairment and Brain Reorganization in MS: Underlying Mechanisms and the Role of Neurorehabilitation. Front Neurol 2020; 11:147. [PMID: 32210905 PMCID: PMC7068711 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory, and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects both white and gray matter. Various mechanisms throughout its course, mainly regarding gray matter lesions and brain atrophy, result in cognitive network dysfunction and can cause clinically significant cognitive impairment in roughly half the persons living with MS. Altered cognition is responsible for many negative aspects of patients' lives, independently of physical disability, such as higher unemployment and divorce rates, reduced social activities, and an overall decrease in quality of life. Despite its devastating impact it is not included in clinical ratings and decision making in the way it should be. It is interesting that only half the persons with MS exhibit cognitive dysfunction, as this implies that the other half remain cognitively intact. It appears that a dynamic balance between brain destruction and brain reorganization is taking place. This balance acts in favor of keeping brain systems functioning effectively, but this is not so in all cases, and the effect does not last forever. When these systems collapse, functional brain reorganization is not effective anymore, and clinically apparent impairments are evident. It is therefore important to reveal which factors could make provision for the subpopulation of patients in whom cognitive impairment occurs. Even if we manage to detect this subpopulation earlier, effective pharmaceutical treatments will still be lacking. Nevertheless, recent evidence shows that cognitive rehabilitation and neuromodulation, using non-invasive techniques such as transcranial magnetic or direct current stimulation, could be effective in cognitively impaired patients with MS. In this Mini Review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in MS. We also focus on mechanisms of reorganization of cognitive networks, which occur throughout the disease course. Finally, we review theoretical and practical issues of neurorehabilitation and neuromodulation for cognition in MS as well as factors that influence them and prevent them from being widely applied in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Nasios
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- Department of Neurology, The Multiple Sclerosis Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lambros Messinis
- Neuropsychology Section, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
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Xu H, Yang R, Qi X, Dintica C, Song R, Bennett DA, Xu W. Association of Lifespan Cognitive Reserve Indicator With Dementia Risk in the Presence of Brain Pathologies. JAMA Neurol 2019; 76:1184-1191. [PMID: 31302677 PMCID: PMC6628596 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Evidence on the association of lifespan cognitive reserve (CR) with dementia is limited, and the strength of this association in the presence of brain pathologies is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of lifespan CR with dementia risk, taking brain pathologies into account. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used data from 2022 participants in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, an ongoing community-based cohort study with annual follow-up from 1997 to 2018 (mean follow-up, 6 years; maximum follow-up, 20 years). After excluding 420 individuals who had prevalent dementia, missing data on CR, or dropped out, 1602 dementia-free adults were identified at baseline and evaluated to detect incident dementia. During follow-up, 611 died and underwent autopsies. Data were analyzed from May to September 2018. EXPOSURES Information on CR factors (education; early-life, midlife, and late-life cognitive activities; and social activities in late life) was obtained at baseline. Based on these factors, lifespan CR scores were captured using a latent variable from a structural equation model and was divided into tertiles (lowest, middle, and highest). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Dementia was diagnosed following international criteria. Neuropathologic evaluations for Alzheimer disease and other brain pathologies were performed in autopsied participants. The association of lifespan CR with dementia or brain pathologies was estimated using Cox regression models or logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 1602 included participants, 1216 (75.9%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 79.6 (7.5) years. During follow-up, 386 participants developed dementia (24.1%), including 357 participants with Alzheimer disease-related dementia (22.3%). The multiadjusted hazards ratios (HRs) of dementia were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.59-0.99) for participants in the middle CR score tertile and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.47-0.81) for those in the highest CR score tertile compared with those in the lowest CR score tertile. In autopsied participants, CR was not associated with most brain pathologies, and the association of CR with dementia remained significant after additional adjustment for brain pathologies (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.86). The highest CR score tertile was associated with a reduction in dementia risk, even among participants with high Alzheimer disease pathology (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37-0.87) and any gross infarcts (HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.18-0.62). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE High lifespan CR is associated with a reduction in dementia risk, even in the presence of high brain pathologies. Our findings highlight the importance of lifespan CR accumulation in dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuying Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Christina Dintica
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruixue Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Weili Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ifantopoulou P, Artemiadis AK, Bakirtzis C, Zekiou K, Papadopoulos TS, Diakogiannis I, Hadjigeorgiou G, Grigoriadis N, Orologas A. Cognitive and brain reserve in multiple sclerosis––A cross-sectional study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 35:128-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Gao F, Yin X, Edden RAE, Evans AC, Xu J, Cao G, Li H, Li M, Zhao B, Wang J, Wang G. Altered hippocampal GABA and glutamate levels and uncoupling from functional connectivity in multiple sclerosis. Hippocampus 2019; 28:813-823. [PMID: 30069963 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence for dysfunctional glutamatergic excitation and/or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibition in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Cognitive impairment may occur during the early stages of MS and hippocampal abnormalities have been suggested as biomarkers. However, researchers have not clearly determined whether changes in hippocampal GABA and glutamate (Glu) levels are associated with cognitive impairment and aberrant neural activity in patients with MS. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure GABA+ and Glu levels in the left hippocampal region of 29 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 29 healthy controls (HCs). Resting-state functional connectivity (FC) with the hippocampus was also examined. Compared to HCs, patients exhibited significantly lower GABA+ and Glu levels, which were associated with verbal and visuospatial memory deficits, respectively. Patients also showed decreased FC strengths between the hippocampus and several cortical regions, which are located within the default mode network. Moreover, hippocampal GABA+ levels and Glu/GABA+ ratios correlated with the FC strengths in HCs but not in patients with MS. This study describes a novel method for investigating the complex relationships among excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters, brain connectivity and cognition in health and disease. Strategies that modulate Glu and GABA neurotransmission may represent new therapeutic treatments for patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuntao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,FM Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan C Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Junhai Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application, School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanmei Cao
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Honghao Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Muwei Li
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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14
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The Association of Cognitive Reserve in Chronic-Phase Functional and Neuropsychological Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2019; 33:E28-E35. [PMID: 28731870 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the association of cognitive reserve (CR) factors (estimated premorbid intelligence quotient [IQ], years of education, and occupational attainment) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity with functional and neuropsychological outcomes 1 to 5 years following TBI. PARTICIPANTS Patients with mild (N = 58), moderate (N = 25), or severe (N = 17) TBI. MAIN MEASURES Cognitive reserve factors (estimated premorbid IQ, years of education, and occupational attainment); neuropsychological test battery; Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended; Short Form-36 Health Survey. ANALYSES Spearman-Brown correlations, linear regression models, and analyses of covariance were used to analyze the relation between CR factors and outcome measures. RESULTS Analyses revealed significant relations between estimated premorbid IQ and neuropsychological outcomes (P < .004): California Verbal Learning Test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition working memory, Booklet Category Test, Trail Making Test B, and Grooved Pegboard Test. There was also a significant correlation between estimated premorbid IQ and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition processing speed. Years of education had significant relations with California Verbal Learning Test and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition working memory and processing speed scores. There were significant differences between TBI severity groups and performance on the Trail Making Test A, Grooved Pegboard Test, and Finger Tapping Test. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive reserve factors may be associated with outcomes following TBI. Additional alternatives to TBI severity are needed to help guide rehabilitative planning postinjury.
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15
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Pilot investigation of the relationship between hippocampal volume and pattern separation deficits in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 26:157-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Santangelo G, Bisecco A, Trojano L, Sacco R, Siciliano M, d’Ambrosio A, Della Corte M, Lavorgna L, Bonavita S, Tedeschi G, Gallo A. Cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis: the contribution of intellectual enrichment and brain MRI measures. J Neurol 2018; 265:1772-1779. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Sandry J, Zuppichini M, Rothberg J, Valdespino-Hayden Z, DeLuca J. Poor Encoding and Weak Early Consolidation Underlie Memory Acquisition Deficits in Multiple Sclerosis: Retroactive Interference, Processing Speed, or Working Memory? Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 34:162-182. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Sandry
- Psychology Department, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Zuppichini
- School of Behavioral & Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Rothberg
- Psychology Department, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave Montclair, NJ, USA
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18
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Van Rheenen TE, Cropley V, Zalesky A, Bousman C, Wells R, Bruggemann J, Sundram S, Weinberg D, Lenroot RK, Pereira A, Shannon Weickert C, Weickert TW, Pantelis C. Widespread Volumetric Reductions in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Patients Displaying Compromised Cognitive Abilities. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:560-574. [PMID: 28981831 PMCID: PMC5890481 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progress toward understanding brain mechanisms in psychosis is hampered by failures to account for within-group heterogeneity that exists across neuropsychological domains. We recently identified distinct cognitive subgroups that might assist in identifying more biologically meaningful subtypes of psychosis. In the present study, we examined whether underlying structural brain abnormalities differentiate these cognitively derived subgroups. METHOD 1.5T T1 weighted structural scans were acquired for 168 healthy controls and 220 patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder. Based on previous work, 47 patients were categorized as being cognitively compromised (impaired premorbid and current IQ), 100 as cognitively deteriorated (normal premorbid IQ, impaired current IQ), and 73 as putatively cognitively preserved (premorbid and current IQ within 1 SD of controls). Global, subcortical and cortical volume, thickness, and surface area measures were compared among groups. RESULTS Whole cortex, subcortical, and regional volume and thickness reductions were evident in all subgroups compared to controls, with the largest effect sizes in the compromised group. This subgroup also showed abnormalities in regions not seen in the other patient groups, including smaller left superior and middle frontal areas, left anterior and inferior temporal areas and right lateral medial and inferior frontal, occipital lobe and superior temporal areas. CONCLUSIONS This pattern of more prominent brain structural abnormalities in the group with the most marked cognitive impairments-both currently and putatively prior to illness onset, is consistent with the concept of schizophrenia as a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder. In this group, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative factors may be important for cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia,Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia,Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; tel: +61-03-9035 8628, e-mail:
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia,Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Chad Bousman
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruth Wells
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason Bruggemann
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Suresh Sundram
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia,Mental Health Program, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Danielle Weinberg
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roshel K Lenroot
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Avril Pereira
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas W Weickert
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
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19
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Rocca MA, Riccitelli GC, Meani A, Pagani E, Del Sette P, Martinelli V, Comi G, Falini A, Filippi M. Cognitive reserve, cognition, and regional brain damage in MS: A 2 -year longitudinal study. Mult Scler 2018; 25:372-381. [PMID: 29303036 DOI: 10.1177/1352458517750767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the cognitive reserve (CR) theory, enriching experiences protect against cognitive decline. OBJECTIVES To investigate the dynamic interaction between CR and global/regional measures of brain white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) damage and their effect on cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Baseline and 2 -year three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted scans were obtained from 54 MS patients and 20 healthy controls. Patients' cognitive functions were tested and a cognitive reserve index (CRI) was calculated. Baseline regional atrophy and longitudinal volume changes were investigated using voxel-wise methods. Structural damage and CRI effects on cognitive performance were explored with linear models. RESULTS At baseline, MS patients showed atrophy of the deep GM nuclei, GM/WM frontal-temporal-parietal-occipital regions, and left cerebellum. Controlling for atrophy, higher CRI explained significant portions of variance in verbal memory and verbal fluency (∆ R2 = 0.07-0.16; p < 0.03). The interaction between thalamic volume and CRI was significant (∆ R2 = 0.05; p = 0.03). Longitudinal changes in memory and attention performance were associated with local/global variations of GM/WM and T2 lesions. CRI had no effect on longitudinal cognitive changes. CONCLUSION In MS, CR may have a protective role in preserving cognitive functions, moderating the effect of structural damage on cognitive performance. This protective role may diminish with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assunta Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy/Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianna C Riccitelli
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | - Alessandro Meani
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | - Elisabetta Pagani
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | - Paola Del Sette
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | - Vittorio Martinelli
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- Department of Neuroradiology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy/Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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20
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Schapira AHV. Advances and insights into neurological practice 2016−17. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:1425-1434. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Mohammadyfar MA, Azizpour M, Najafi M, Nooripour R. Comparison of audio-visual short-term and active memory in multiple sclerosis patients and non-patients regarding their depression, stress and anxiety level. NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2017.1362989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahmood Najafi
- Department of Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Roghieh Nooripour
- Faculty of Education & Psychology, Department of Counseling, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Benešová Y, Tvaroh A. Cognition and fatigue in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated by subcutaneous interferon β-1a: an observational study SKORE. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2017; 10:18-32. [PMID: 28450892 PMCID: PMC5400153 DOI: 10.1177/1756285616671882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, which often causes progressive neurological disability. In addition to motor and sensory dysfunction, cognitive decline and fatigue are frequent manifestations of the disease. Fatigue is probably the most common symptom, with up to 90% of MS individuals reporting fatigue at some point. Cognitive impairment affects about 50% of patients and may be present at all MS stages. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate changes in cognition, fatigue, and disability status in 300 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients, treated with subcutaneous (sc) interferon (IFN) β-1a over 2 years. METHODS The study was designed as an observational, multicentre, prospective, single-arm, phase IV study carried out in 13 MS centres in the Czech Republic. Cognition status was assessed using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), fatigue using the Fatigue Descriptive Scale (FDS), and disability using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), at baseline, and after 6, 12 and 24 months. The percentage of patients with changed versus stable cognition, fatigue status and disability was calculated at each time point and the changes in these scores were evaluated. RESULTS The proportion of patients with cognitive improvement was higher compared with those with a stable or decreased PASAT scores at all time points, and the average cognitive performance improved during the follow-up period. Also the proportion of patients with stable or improved fatigue and EDSS scores was higher compared with those in which FDS or EDSS scores declined, this was found at all time points of the analysed sample. However, the direct effect of IFN β-1a on cognition and fatigue cannot be concluded from this study. CONCLUSIONS The results of this observational study have demonstrated a stable or improved cognitive performance, fatigue status, and disability level in the majority of RRMS patients treated with sc IFN β-1a over a two-year follow-up period, in a real life setting, in the Czech Republic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Benešová
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Genetic characterization of individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), i.e. people having amyloid deposits in the brain without symptoms, people suffering from subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), has spurred the interests of researchers. However, their pre-dementia genetic profile remains mostly unexplored. In this study, we reviewed the loci related to phenotypes of AD, MCI and SCD from literature and performed the first meta-analyses evaluating the role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) in the risk of conversion from a healthy status to MCI and SCD. For AD dementia risk, an increased number of loci have been identified; to date, 28 genes have been associated with Late Onset AD. In MCI syndrome, APOE is confirmed as a pheno-conversion factor leading from MCI to AD, and clusterin is a promising candidate. Additionally, our meta-analyses revealed APOE as genetic risk factor to convert from a healthy status to MCI [OR = 1.849 (1.587-2.153); P = 2.80 × 10-15] and to a lesser extent from healthy status to SCD [OR = 1.151 (1.015-1.304); P = 0.028]. Thus, we believe that genetic studies in longitudinal SCD and MCI series may provide new therapeutic targets and improve the existing knowledge of AD. This type of studies must be completed on healthy subjects to better understand the natural disease resistance to brain insults and neurodegeneration.
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Sumowski JF, Rocca MA, Leavitt VM, Riccitelli G, Meani A, Comi G, Filippi M. Reading, writing, and reserve: Literacy activities are linked to hippocampal volume and memory in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2016; 22:1621-1625. [PMID: 26920377 DOI: 10.1177/1352458516630822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engagement in cognitive leisure activities during early adulthood has been linked to preserved memory and larger hippocampal volume in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE To investigate which specific types of cognitive leisure activities contribute to hippocampal volume and memory. METHODS We investigated links between three types of cognitive activities (Reading-Writing, Art-Music, Games-Hobbies) and (a) hippocampal volume within independent samples of Italian (n=187) and American (n=55) MS patients and (b) memory in subsamples of Italian (n=97) and American (n=53) patients. RESULTS Reading-Writing was the only predictor of hippocampal volume (rp=.204, p=.002), and the best predictor of memory (rp=.288, p=.001). CONCLUSIONS Findings inform the development of targeted evidence-based enrichment programs aiming to bolster reserve against memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Sumowski
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA/Manhattan Memory Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria A Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy/Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Victoria M Leavitt
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gianna Riccitelli
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Meani
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy/Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Leavitt VM, Sumowski JF. Characterizing cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: an essential step towards prediction and prevention. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:225-6. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. M. Leavitt
- Department of Neurology; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
| | - J. F. Sumowski
- Neuropsychology and Neuroscience; Kessler Foundation; West Orange NJ USA
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26
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Sandry J. Working memory and memory loss in neurodegenerative disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2016; 5:1-4. [PMID: 25711447 DOI: 10.2217/nmt.14.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Sandry
- Neuropsychology & Neuroscience Research, Kessler Foundation, 300 Executive Drive, Suite 70, West Orange, NJ 07052, USA
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27
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Motl RW, Sandroff BM, DeLuca J. Exercise Training and Cognitive Rehabilitation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2015; 30:499-511. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968315606993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current review develops a rationale and framework for examining the independent and combined effects of exercise training and cognitive rehabilitation on walking and cognitive functions in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). To do so, we first review evidence for improvements in walking and cognitive outcomes with exercise training and cognitive rehabilitation in MS. We then review evidence regarding cognitive–motor coupling and possible cross-modality transfer effects of exercise training and cognitive rehabilitation. We lastly present a macro-level framework for considering mechanisms that might explain improvements in walking and cognitive dysfunction with exercise and cognitive rehabilitation individually and combined in MS. We conclude that researchers should consider examining the effects of exercise training and cognitive rehabilitation on walking, cognition, and cognitive–motor interactions in MS and the possible physiological and central mechanisms for improving these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Motl
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - John DeLuca
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA
- Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Sumowski JF. Cognitive Reserve as a Useful Concept for Early Intervention Research in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2015; 6:176. [PMID: 26347706 PMCID: PMC4542634 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James F Sumowski
- Kessler Foundation , West Orange, NJ , USA ; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark, NJ , USA
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