Zamarian L, Berger T, Pertl M, Bsteh G, Djamshidian A, Deisenhammer F, Delazer M. Decision making and framing effects in multiple sclerosis.
Eur J Neurol 2021;
28:1292-1298. [PMID:
33296528 PMCID:
PMC7986618 DOI:
10.1111/ene.14669]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Previous studies reported reduced decision-making abilities for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) relative to healthy controls (HC). This study aimed to evaluate whether these problems arise when sampling information or when pondering about the evidence collected.
METHODS
In a cross-sectional, controlled study, 43 relapsing-remitting MS patients (RRMS; Expanded Disability Status Scale 1.5, range 0-4) and 53 HC performed an information sampling task ('beads task'), a health-related framing task, and neuropsychological background tests.
RESULTS
In the beads task, patients collected as much information as HC prior to a decision. However, there were twice as many patients as HC making irrational decisions, that is, decisions against the evidence collected (RRMS: 26/43, 60%; HC: 16/53, 30%; p = 0.003). Compared to HC, patients also showed a stronger framing effect, that is, they were more strongly biased by the way health-related information was presented (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.5). Overall, the framing effect predicted whether a participant would make irrational decisions (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.29-3.49, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Predecisional information sampling is intact in RRMS. However, compared to HC, patients are more likely to make irrational decisions and to be biased by the way health-related information is framed. This warrants caution in communication, especially in the medical context, with patients.
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