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Yoshimoto S, Okamura K. Tumor microenvironment of ameloblastoma with a focus on osteoclastogenesis, cell migration, and malignant transformation. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:314-319. [PMID: 38734178 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odontogenic tumors arise in the jawbone and originate from cells associated with tooth development. Therefore, understanding odontogenic tumors requires knowledge of all aspects of dental research, including tooth development and eruption. Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor. HIGHLIGHT Although a benign tumor, ameloblastoma progresses with marked jawbone resorption. Because of its locally aggressive features, it can be treated surgically by resecting the surrounding bone. From a molecular pathology perspective, several genetic mutations and dysregulated signaling pathways involved in ameloblastoma tumorigenesis have been identified. Histopathologically, ameloblastomas consist of peripheral ameloblast-like cells and an inner stellate reticulum. The stromal region consists of fibrovascular connective tissue, showing a characteristic sparse myxoid histology. In general, the tumor microenvironment, including the surrounding non-tumor cells, contributes to tumorigenesis and progression. In this review, we focus on the tumor microenvironment of ameloblastomas. In addition, we present some of our recent studies on osteoclastogenesis, tubulin acetylation-induced cell migration, and hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ameloblastomas. CONCLUSION Further research on ameloblastomas can lead to the development of new treatments and improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yoshimoto
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan; Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Okamura
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Fang Z, Atukorallaya D. Count Me in, Count Me out: Regulation of the Tooth Number via Three Directional Developmental Patterns. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15061. [PMID: 37894742 PMCID: PMC10606784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth number anomalies, including hyperdontia and hypodontia, are common congenital dental problems in the dental clinic. The precise number of teeth in a dentition is essential for proper speech, mastication, and aesthetics. Teeth are ectodermal organs that develop from the interaction of a thickened epithelium (dental placode) with the neural-crest-derived ectomesenchyme. There is extensive histological, molecular, and genetic evidence regarding how the tooth number is regulated in this serial process, but there is currently no universal classification for tooth number abnormalities. In this review, we propose a novel regulatory network for the tooth number based on the inherent dentition formation process. This network includes three intuitive directions: the development of a single tooth, the formation of a single dentition with elongation of the continual lamina, and tooth replacement with the development of the successional lamina. This article summarizes recent reports on early tooth development and provides an analytical framework to classify future relevant experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devi Atukorallaya
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W2, Canada;
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Pereira T, Shetty SJ, Punjabi V, Vidhale RG, Gotmare SS, Kamath P. Immunohistochemical expression of SOX2 in OKC and ameloblastoma: A comparative study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:685-692. [PMID: 38304494 PMCID: PMC10829463 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_265_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Odontogenic, non-inflammatory maxillofacial cysts and tumours vary greatly in their ability to grow and cause local tissue destruction. Despite their common embryologic origin, the biologic mechanisms responsible for this diverse array of clinical behaviour are largely unknown. Unfortunately, even with accurate tissue diagnosis and appropriate surgical management, these tumours have relatively high recurrence rates. While this may be related to surgical technique, it may also be due to intrinsic tumour biology. SOX2 is differentially expressed in odontogenic cysts and tumours, which has an impact over patient prognosis. This could be related to their diverse cells of origin or stages of histogenesis. SOX2 is expressed in OKC and ameloblastoma, and in this study, we look forward to find altered levels and intensity of SOX2 in the above-mentioned lesions. Aim and Objectives To profile the expression of SOX2 in odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and ameloblastomaTo compare the intensity of these lesions, analyse their intrinsic feature and predict their recurrence. Material and Methods Histopathologically diagnosed cases of OKC and ameloblastoma will be selected (n = 40). Paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed sections of these lesions will be stained for SOX2 marker using a standard immunohistochemical technique. Positive control will be taken as oral squamous cell carcinoma and negative control will be taken as normal oral mucosa. Results A comparison between the stained cell types in odontogenic keratocyst and ameloblastoma revealed statistically significant differences. The immunoreactivity scores of SOX2 were analysed in both groups. The results indicated that 45% of OKC cases exhibited strongly positive reactivity, while 65% of ameloblastoma cases were negative. Statistical analysis demonstrated highly significant differences in the frequency of SOX2 expression between the two groups, with a higher frequency of negative expression in ameloblastoma. Conclusion Stem cell markers have been observed in these lesions, suggesting the acquisition of stem-like properties by tumour cells, which can affect patient prognosis. Specifically, the marker SOX2 shows differential expression in odontogenic cysts and tumours. High expression of SOX2 in OKC indicates the presence of stem cells with significant self-renewal and proliferative properties, potentially signifying neoplastic behaviour. In contrast, weak or absent expression of SOX2 in ameloblastoma suggests different molecular pathways involved in its neoplastic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treville Pereira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, D.Y. Patil University, School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subraj J. Shetty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, D.Y. Patil University, School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishal Punjabi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, D.Y. Patil University, School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rutuja G. Vidhale
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, D.Y. Patil University, School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swati S. Gotmare
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, D.Y. Patil University, School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pooja Kamath
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, D.Y. Patil University, School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Kalogirou EM, Lekakis G, Petroulias A, Chavdoulas K, Zogopoulos VL, Michalopoulos I, Tosios KI. The Stem Cell Expression Profile of Odontogenic Tumors and Cysts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1735. [PMID: 37761874 PMCID: PMC10531260 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells have been associated with self-renewing and plasticity and have been investigated in various odontogenic lesions in association with their pathogenesis and biological behavior. We aim to provide a systematic review of stem cell markers' expression in odontogenic tumors and cysts. METHODS The literature was searched through the MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE via OVID, Web of Science, and CINHAL via EBSCO databases for original studies evaluating stem cell markers' expression in different odontogenic tumors/cysts, or an odontogenic disease group and a control group. The studies' risk of bias (RoB) was assessed via a Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Meta-analysis was conducted for markers evaluated in the same pair of odontogenic tumors/cysts in at least two studies. RESULTS 29 studies reported the expression of stem cell markers, e.g., SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, CD44, ALDH1, BMI1, and CD105, in various odontogenic lesions, through immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence, polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, microarrays, and RNA-sequencing. Low, moderate, and high RoBs were observed in seven, nine, and thirteen studies, respectively. Meta-analysis revealed a remarkable discriminative ability of SOX2 for ameloblastic carcinomas or odontogenic keratocysts over ameloblastomas. CONCLUSION Stem cells might be linked to the pathogenesis and clinical behavior of odontogenic pathologies and represent a potential target for future individualized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni-Marina Kalogirou
- Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Metropolitan College, 10672 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Lekakis
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (K.I.T.)
| | - Aristodimos Petroulias
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (K.I.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Chavdoulas
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (K.I.T.)
| | - Vasileios L. Zogopoulos
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (V.L.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioannis Michalopoulos
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (V.L.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Konstantinos I. Tosios
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (K.I.T.)
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Martins Balbinot K, Almeida Loureiro FJ, Chemelo GP, Alves Mesquita R, Cruz Ramos AMP, Ramos RTJ, da Costa da Silva AL, de Menezes SAF, da Silva Kataoka MS, Alves Junior SDM, Viana Pinheiro JDJ. Immunoexpression of stem cell markers SOX-2, NANOG AND OCT4 in ameloblastoma. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14349. [PMID: 36655039 PMCID: PMC9841912 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ameloblastoma (AME) is characterized by a locally invasive growth pattern. In an attempt to justify the aggressiveness of neoplasms, the investigation of the role of stem cells has gained prominence. The SOX-2, NANOG and OCT4 proteins are important stem cell biomarkers. Methodology To verify the expression of these proteins in tissue samples of AME, dentigerous cyst (DC) and dental follicle (DF), immunohistochemistry was performed and indirect immunofluorescence were performed on the human AME (AME-hTERT) cell line. Results Revealed expression of SOX-2, NANOG and OCT4 in the tissue samples and AME-hTERT lineage. Greater immunostaining of the studied proteins was observed in AME compared to DC and DF (p < 0.001). Conclusions The presence of biomarkers indicates a probable role of stem cells in the genesis and progression of AME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolyny Martins Balbinot
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Immunohistochemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergio de Melo Alves Junior
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Immunohistochemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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da Trindade GA, da Silva LP, de Andrade Santos PP, Pinto LP, de Souza LB. Expression of a Tumor Stem Cell Marker (Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1-ALDH1) in Benign Epithelial Odontogenic Lesions. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:785-791. [PMID: 35349099 PMCID: PMC9424418 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The morphological diversity and different biological behaviors of human lesions has been attributed to the presence of cells with stem cell (SC) characteristics. Among SC markers, ALDH1 has been used in studies investigating different neoplasms and high expression of this marker was associated with clinicopathological features and prognosis in some groups. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence and distribution of SCs based on the expression of ALDH1 in epithelial odontogenic cysts and tumors. The sample consisted of 80 cases (20 dentigerous cysts (DCs), 20 odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), 20 ameloblastomas (AMs), and 20 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOTs). An immunoreactivity score was obtained from the percentage of positive cells and intensity of immunostaining. A level of 5% (p < 0.05) was adopted for the statistical tests. Immunoexpression of ALDH1 was observed in cytoplasm and nucleus-cytoplasm. The median scores indicated significantly higher expression in OKCs and DCs compared to AMs (p < 0.0001) and AOTs (p < 0.0001). In the tumor stroma and cystic capsule, immunoreactivity was detected in all odontogenic cysts studied and in 85% and 90% of AMs and AOTs, respectively. The expression of ALDH1 suggests the presence of SCs in the odontogenic lesions studied. Epithelial immunoexpression was higher in odontogenic cysts than in odontogenic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leão Pereira Pinto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN CEP 59056-000 Brazil
| | - Lélia Batista de Souza
- Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN CEP 59056-000 Brazil
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Pincha N, Marangoni P, Haque A, Klein OD. Parallels in signaling between development and regeneration in ectodermal organs. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 149:373-419. [PMID: 35606061 PMCID: PMC10049776 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ectodermal organs originate from the outermost germ layer of the developing embryo and include the skin, hair, tooth, nails, and exocrine glands. These organs develop through tightly regulated, sequential and reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk, and they eventually assume various morphologies and functions while retaining the ability to regenerate. As with many other tissues in the body, the development and morphogenesis of these organs are regulated by a set of common signaling pathways, such as Shh, Wnt, Bmp, Notch, Tgf-β, and Eda. However, subtle differences in the temporal activation, the multiple possible combinations of ligand-receptor activation, the various cofactors, as well as the underlying epigenetic modulation determine how each organ develops into its adult form. Although each organ has been studied separately in considerable detail, the mechanisms underlying the parallels and differences in signaling that regulate their development have rarely been investigated. First, we will use the tooth, the hair follicle, and the mammary gland as representative ectodermal organs to explore how the development of signaling centers and establishment of stem cell populations influence overall growth and morphogenesis. Then we will compare how some of the major signaling pathways (Shh, Wnt, Notch and Yap/Taz) differentially regulate developmental events. Finally, we will discuss how signaling regulates regenerative processes in all three.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pincha
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pauline Marangoni
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ameera Haque
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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8
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Marín C, Niklander SE, Martínez-Flores R. Genetic Profile of Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor and Ameloblastoma. A Systematic Review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:767474. [PMID: 35048068 PMCID: PMC8757772 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.767474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To perform a comprehensive and systematic critical appraisal of the genetic alterations reported to be present in adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) compared to ameloblastoma (AM), to aid in the understanding in their development and different behavior. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science during March 2021. Eligibility criteria included publications on humans which included genetic analysis of AOT or AM. Results: A total of 43 articles reporting 59 AOTs and 680 AMs were included. Different genomic techniques were used, including whole-exome sequencing, direct sequencing, targeted next-generation sequencing panels and TaqMan allele-specific qPCR. Somatic mutations affecting KRAS were identified in 75.9% of all AOTs, mainly G12V; whereas a 71% of the AMs harbored BRAF mutations, mainly V600E. Conclusions: The available genetic data reports that AOTs and AM harbor somatic mutations in well-known oncogenes, being KRAS G12V/R and BRAFV600E mutations the most common, respectively. The relatively high frequency of ameloblastoma compared to other odontogenic tumors, such as AOT, has facilitated the performance of different sequencing techniques, allowing the discovery of different mutational signatures. On the contrary, the low frequency of AOTs is an important limitation for this. The number of studies that have a assessed the genetic landscape of AOT is still very limited, not providing enough evidence to draw a conclusion regarding the relationship between the genomic alterations and its clinical behavior. Thus, the presence of other mutational signatures with clinical impact, co-occurring with background KRAS mutations or in wild-type KRAS cases, cannot be ruled out. Since BRAF and RAS are in the same MAPK pathway, it is interesting that ameloblastomas, frequently associated with BRAFV600E mutation have aggressive clinical behavior, but in contrast, AOTs, frequently associated with RAS mutations have indolent behavior. Functional studies might be required to solve this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Marín
- Unidad de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile.,Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sven E Niklander
- Unidad de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - René Martínez-Flores
- Unidad de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
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9
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Enrichment of SOX2-Positive Cells in BRAF V600E Mutated and Recurrent Ameloblastoma. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010077. [PMID: 35055392 PMCID: PMC8780877 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is the most common benign odontogenic neoplasm, but with an aggressive behavior and a high recurrence rate. Nowadays wide surgical resection is the current recommended treatment, which can cause further loss of function and esthetics. Recent studies point to the stem/progenitor cells as both initiators and propagators of the tumors. Elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the tumor stem cells is of broad interest for understanding tumorigenesis and for developing effective targeted therapies. SRY related HMG box gene 2 (SOX2) is a transcription factor that plays important roles in development, stem cell renewal, and cancer formation. Few studies have revealed increased SOX2 expression in atypical ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma. For the development of personalized medicine for ameloblastoma, biomarkers that provide prognostic or predictive information regarding a tumor’s nature or its response to treatment are essential. Thus, in this study, we aimed to study if SOX2-positive cells exist in ameloblastomas and their correlation with the clinicopathologic parameters. Our data suggested BRAF(V600E) mutation might contribute to the expansion of SOX2-positive cells. The identification of BRAF(V600E) mutation and the amplification of SOX2-positive cells in ameloblastomas imply the possible benefit of applying BRAF and SOX2 inhibitors in recurrent and un-resectable ameloblastomas.
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10
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Phattarataratip E, Panitkul T, Khodkaew W, Anupuntanun P, Jaroonvechatam J, Pitarangsikul S. Expression of SOX2 and OCT4 in odontogenic cysts and tumors. Head Face Med 2021; 17:29. [PMID: 34261507 PMCID: PMC8278639 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of stem cell markers has been observed in several types of neoplasms. This trait attributes to the acquired stem-like property of tumor cells and can impact patient prognosis. The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze the expression and significance of SOX2 and OCT4 in various types of odontogenic cysts and tumors. Methods Fifty-five cases of odontogenic cysts and tumors, including 15 ameloblastomas (AM), 5 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT), 5 ameloblastic fibromas (AF), 5 calcifying odontogenic cysts (COC), 10 dentigerous cysts (DC) and 15 odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) were investigated for the expression of SOX2 and OCT4 immunohistochemically. Results Most OKCs (86.7 %) and all AFs expressed SOX2 in more than 50 % of epithelial cells. Its immunoreactivity was moderate-to-strong in all epithelial cell types in both lesions. In contrast, SOX2 expression was undetectable in AOTs and limited to the ameloblast-like cells in a minority of AM and COC cases. Most DCs showed positive staining in less than 25 % of cystic epithelium. Significantly greater SOX2 expression was noted in OKC compared with DC or AM, and in AF compared with COC or AOT. OCT4 rarely expressed in odontogenic lesions with the immunoreactivity being mild and present exclusively in OKCs. Conclusions SOX2 is differentially expressed in odontogenic cysts and tumors. This could be related to their diverse cells of origin or stages of histogenesis. The overexpression of SOX2 and OCT4 in OKC indicates the acquired stem-like property. Future studies should investigate whether the overexpression of OCT4 and SOX2 contributes to the aggressive behaviors of the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekarat Phattarataratip
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Tarit Panitkul
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watunyoo Khodkaew
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattarapong Anupuntanun
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jirapat Jaroonvechatam
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirawit Pitarangsikul
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Bilodeau EA, Hunter KD. Odontogenic and Developmental Oral Lesions in Pediatric Patients. Head Neck Pathol 2021; 15:71-84. [PMID: 33723756 PMCID: PMC8010029 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews odontogenic and developmental oral lesions encountered in the gnathic region of pediatric patients. The process of odontogenesis is discussed as it is essential to understanding the pathogenesis of odontogenic tumors. The clinical presentation, microscopic features, and prognosis are addressed for odontogenic lesions in the neonate (dental lamina cysts/gingival cysts of the newborn, congenital (granular cell) epulis of the newborn, melanotic neuroectodermal tumor, choristoma/heterotopia, cysts of foregut origin), lesions associated with unerupted/erupting teeth (hyperplastic dental follicle, eruption cyst, dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst/keratocystic odonogenic tumor, buccal bifurcation cyst/inflammatory collateral cyst) and pediatric odontogenic hamartomas and tumors (odontoma, ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, primordial odontogenic tumor). Pediatric odontogenic and developmental oral lesions range from common to rare, but familiarity with these entities is essential due to the varying management implications of these diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bilodeau
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, G-135 Salk Hall, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Keith D Hunter
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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12
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Yoshida K, Uehara O, Kurashige Y, Paudel D, Onishi A, Neopane P, Hiraki D, Morikawa T, Harada F, Takai R, Sato J, Saitoh M, Abiko Y. Direct reprogramming of epithelial cell rests of malassez into mesenchymal-like cells by epigenetic agents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1852. [PMID: 33473142 PMCID: PMC7817677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA demethylating agent, 5-Azacytidine (5Aza), and histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid (Vpa), can improve the reprogramming efficiencies of pluripotent cells. This study aimed to examine the roles of 5Aza and Vpa in the dedifferentiation of epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM) into stem-like cells. Additionally, the ability of stem-like cells to differentiate into mesenchymal cells was evaluated. ERM was cultured in embryonic stem cell medium (ESCM) with 1 µM of 5Aza, or 2 mM of Vpa, or a combination of 5Aza and Vpa. The cells stimulated with both 5Aza and Vpa were named as progenitor-dedifferentiated into stem-like cells (Pro-DSLCs). The Pro-DSLCs cultured in ESCM alone for another week were named as DSLCs. The stem cell markers were significantly higher in the DSLCs than the controls (no additions). The mRNA and protein levels of the endothelial, mesenchymal stem, and osteogenic cell markers were significantly higher in the Pro-DSLCs and DSLCs than the controls. The combination of a demethylating agent and a deacetylated inhibitor induced the dedifferentiation of ERM into DSLCs. The Pro-DSLCs derived from ERM can be directly reprogrammed into mesenchymal-like cells without dedifferentiation into stem-like cells. Isolated ERM treated with epigenetic agents may be used for periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Yoshida
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Osamu Uehara
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kurashige
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Durga Paudel
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Aya Onishi
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Puja Neopane
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Daichi Hiraki
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Morikawa
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Fumiya Harada
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Rie Takai
- Research Institute of Health Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Jun Sato
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Masato Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan.
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13
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Chacham M, Almoznino G, Zlotogorski-Hurvitz A, Buchner A, Vered M. Expression of stem cell markers in stroma of odontogenic cysts and tumors. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:1068-1077. [PMID: 32840915 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stroma of odontogenic cysts/tumors may confer them differential biological behavior. We aimed to investigate the immunoexpression of stem cell markers (Nanog, SOX2, Oct4, and CD34) in the stroma of odontogenic cysts and tumors. CD34 was investigated exclusively as a marker for stromal fibroblast/fibrocyte cells (CD34 + SFCs). CD34 + SFCs were also investigated ultrastructurally. METHODS Ten cases each of primary odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), recurrent OKC, dentigerous cyst, ameloblastoma, unicystic ameloblastoma, odontogenic myxoma, and 7 syndromic OKC were included. Results were represented as the mean score (%) of positive cells/field for each marker for each study group. For CD34 + SFCs, results are presented as the mean number of cells/field for each type of lesion. Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman's correlation statistical tests were used; significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS All markers except Oct4 were expressed by stromal cells in all lesions. Expression of SOX2 was significantly higher in tumors than in cysts (P < .05). CD34 + SFCs were more frequent in cysts than in tumors. Ultrastructurally, CD34 + SFCs were identified for the first time in odontogenic lesions and showed characteristic bipolar/dendritic morphology. CONCLUSION Among examined stromal stem cell markers, only SOX2 distinguished tumors from cysts. CD34 + SFCs may also contribute to the biological behavior of odontogenic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Chacham
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Galit Almoznino
- Big Biomedical Data Research Laboratory, Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation & Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Dentistry, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayelet Zlotogorski-Hurvitz
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Imaging, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Amos Buchner
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Imaging, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marilena Vered
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Imaging, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Pathology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Development of tooth regenerative medicine strategies by controlling the number of teeth using targeted molecular therapy. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:21. [PMID: 32922570 PMCID: PMC7461317 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of various genetically modified mice, with supernumerary teeth, has revealed the following two intrinsic molecular mechanisms that increase the number of teeth. One plausible explanation for supernumerary tooth formation is the rescue of tooth rudiments. Topical application of candidate molecules could lead to whole tooth formation under suitable conditions. Congenital tooth agenesis is caused by the cessation of tooth development due to the deletion of the causative gene and suppression of its function. The arrest of tooth development in Runx2 knockout mice, a mouse model of congenital tooth agenesis, is rescued in double knockout mice of Runx2 and Usag-1. The Usag-1 knockout mouse is a supernumerary model mouse. Targeted molecular therapy could be used to generate teeth in patients with congenital tooth agenesis by stimulating arrested tooth germs. The third dentition begins to develop when the second successional lamina is formed from the developing permanent tooth in humans and usually regresses apoptotically. Targeted molecular therapy, therefore, seems to be a suitable approach in whole-tooth regeneration by the stimulation of the third dentition. A second mechanism of supernumerary teeth formation involves the contribution of odontogenic epithelial stem cells in adults. Cebpb has been shown to be involved in maintaining the stemness of odontogenic epithelial stem cells and suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Odontogenic epithelial stem cells are differentiated from one of the tissue stem cells, enamel epithelial stem cells, and odontogenic mesenchymal cells are formed from odontogenic epithelial cells by epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Both odontogenic epithelial cells and odontogenic mesenchymal cells required to form teeth from enamel epithelial stem cells were directly induced to form excess teeth in adults. An approach for the development of targeted therapeutics has been the local application of monoclonal neutralizing antibody/siRNA with cationic gelatin for USAG-1 or small molecule for Cebpb.
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15
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Ameloblastomas Exhibit Stem Cell Potential, Possess Neurotrophic Properties, and Establish Connections with Trigeminal Neurons. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030644. [PMID: 32155948 PMCID: PMC7140461 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastomas are locally invasive and aggressive odontogenic tumors treated via surgical resection, which results in facial deformity and significant morbidity. Few studies have addressed the cellular and molecular events of ameloblastoma onset and progression, thus hampering the development of non-invasive therapeutic approaches. Tumorigenesis is driven by a plethora of factors, among which innervation has been long neglected. Recent findings have shown that innervation directly promotes tumor progression. On this basis, we investigated the molecular characteristics and neurotrophic properties of human ameloblastomas. Our results showed that ameloblastomas express dental epithelial stem cell markers, as well as components of the Notch signaling pathway, indicating persistence of stemness. We demonstrated that ameloblastomas express classical stem cell markers, exhibit stem cell potential, and form spheres. These tumors express also molecules of the Notch signaling pathway, fundamental for stem cells and their fate. Additionally, we showed that ameloblastomas express the neurotrophic factors NGF and BDNF, as well as their receptors TRKA, TRKB, and P75/NGFR, which are responsible for their innervation by trigeminal axons in vivo. In vitro studies using microfluidic devices showed that ameloblastoma cells attract and form connections with these nerves. Innervation of ameloblastomas might play a key role in the onset of this malignancy and might represent a promising target for non-invasive pharmacological interventions.
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16
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Silva BS, Silva LR, Lima KL, Dos Santos AC, Oliveira AC, Dezzen-Gomide AC, Batista AC, Yamamoto-Silva FP. SOX2 and BCL-2 Expressions in Odontogenic Keratocyst and Ameloblastoma. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e283-e290. [PMID: 31967981 PMCID: PMC7103439 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this experimental study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of SOX2 and BCL-2 in Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) and Ameloblastoma (AB) specimens, and to identify a possible correlation in their expression.
Material and Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate SOX2 and BCL-2 expression in OKC (n = 20) and AB (n = 20). The immunoexpression was analyzed by a quantitative and qualitative scoring system. The comparison between the immunoexpression of SOX 2 and BCL-2 was assessed by the Mann-Whitney U-test. Spearman’s correlation coefficient evaluated the correlation between SOX2 and BCL-2 expressions.
Results SOX2 and BCL-2 expression was observed in all specimens of OKC in the full thickness of the epithelium lining. SOX2 immunostaining was higher in OKC, in comparison with AB samples (P<0.05). BCL-2 immunostaining between OKC and AB was not statistically significant. There was no significant correlation between SOX2 and BCL-2 in OKC and AB specimens.
Conclusions SOX2 and BCL-2 expressions in OKC may suggest their relationship with the biological behavior of this lesion, and the higher expression of SOX2 might be an upstream influence on the Hh signaling pathway. Key words:Odontogenic keratocyst; Ameloblastoma; Odontogenic tumor; SOX2; BCL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-S Silva
- University of Anápolis, Department of Oral Diagnosis Av. Universitária, km 3,5. Cidade Universitária CEP 75083-515, Anápolis, Brasil
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17
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Nakatsugawa K, Kurosaka H, Inubushi T, Aoyama G, Isogai Y, Usami Y, Toyosawa S, Yamashiro T. Stage- and tissue-specific effect of cyclophosphamide during tooth development. Eur J Orthod 2019; 41:519-530. [PMID: 30715254 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effect of cyclophosphamide (CPA) in the development of rodent molars. METHODS CPA was administered intraperitoneally in postnatal mice between Day 1 and Day 10, and the morphological phenotype was evaluated at Day 26 using micro-computed tomography and histological analysis, including cell proliferation and cell death analyses. RESULTS M3 molars of the mice who received 100 mg/kg CPA treatment at Day 6 or M2 molars who received treatment at Day 1 resulted in tooth agenesis or marked hypoplasia. Histological observation demonstrated that CPA treatment at Day 6 resulted in shrinkage of the M3 tooth germs, with a significant reduction in the proliferation of apoptotic cells. Conversely, CPA exposure at Day 2, which occurs at around the bud stage of M3, resulted in crown and root hypoplasia, with reduced numbers of cusp and root. In addition, CPA exposure at Day 10, which is the late bell stage of M3, induced root shortening; however, it did not affect crown morphogenesis. LIMITATIONS The timing of CPA administration is limited to after birth. Therefore, its effect during the early stages of M1 and M2 could not be investigated. CONCLUSION Defective phenotypes were evident in both crown and roots due to the effect of CPA. Interestingly, the severity of the phenotypes was associated with the developmental stages of the tooth germs at the time of CPA administration. The cap/early bell stage is the most susceptive timing for tooth agenesis, whereas the late bell stage is predominantly affected in terms of root formation by CPA administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nakatsugawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gozo Aoyama
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukako Isogai
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Usami
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Toyosawa
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Fan C, Xiao X, Zhang Q, Xu T, Jiang C. Interleukin‐8/β‐catenin mediates epithelial–mesenchymal transition in ameloblastoma. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1964-1971. [PMID: 31397928 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Cunhui Fan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Ximei Xiao
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Chunmiao Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
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Kiso H, Takahashi K, Mishima S, Murashima-Suginami A, Kakeno A, Yamazaki T, Asai K, Tokita Y, Uozumi R, Sugai M, Harada H, Huang B, MacDougall M, Bessho K. Third Dentition Is the Main Cause of Premolar Supernumerary Tooth Formation. J Dent Res 2019; 98:968-974. [PMID: 31238019 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519858282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While the prevalence of supernumerary teeth (ST) is high in permanent dentition, the etiology of ST in humans remains unclear. However, multiple murine models of ST have elaborated on dated mechanisms traditionally ascribed to ST etiology: one involves the rescue of rudimental teeth, and the second considers the contribution of odontogenic epithelial stem cells. It remains unclear whether these mechanisms of ST formation in mice are applicable to humans. The third dentition is usually regressed apoptotic-that is, the teeth do not completely form in humans. Recently, it was suggested that ST result from the rescue of regression of the third dentition in humans. The present investigation evaluates the proportion of collected general ST cases that evinced a third dentition based on the clinical definition of ST derived from the third dentition. We also investigated the contribution of SOX2-positive odontogenic epithelial stem cells to ST formation in humans. We collected 215 general ST cases from 15,008 patients. We confirmed that the general characteristics of the collected ST cases were similar to the results from previous reports. Of the 215 cases, we narrowed our analysis to the 78 patients who had received a computed tomography scan. The frequency of ST considered to have been derived from the third dentition was 26 out of 78 cases. Evidence of a third dentition was especially apparent in the premolar region, was more common in men, and was more likely among patients with ≥3 ST. SOX2-positive odontogenic epithelial stem cells within the surrounding epithelial cells of developing ST were observed in non-third dentition cases and not in third dentition cases. In conclusion, the third dentition is the main cause of ST in humans. The odontogenic epithelial stem cells may contribute to ST formation in cases not caused by a third dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kiso
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Mishima
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Murashima-Suginami
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Kakeno
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Yamazaki
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Asai
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Tokita
- 2 Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - R Uozumi
- 3 Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Sugai
- 4 Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - H Harada
- 5 The Advanced Oral Health Science Research Center, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - B Huang
- 6 School of Dentistry and Health Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, Australia
| | - M MacDougall
- 7 Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - K Bessho
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Trejo-Remigio DA, Jacinto-Alemán LF, Leyva-Huerta ER, Navarro-Bustos BR, Portilla-Robertson J. Ectodermal and ectomesenchymal marker expression in primary cell lines of complex and compound odontomas: a pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 68:132-141. [PMID: 31014063 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4970.19.04166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odontomas are odontogenic tumors with hamartoma features that are classified as compound or complex. Our objective was to characterize the proliferation of ectodermal and ectomesenchymal profile markers of primary cell cultures of complex and compound odontomas. METHODS Four samples of compound odontomas (OdCm) and three of complex odontomas (OdCx) were obtained from patients attending the Oral Pathology and Medicine Clinic of the Graduate Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico for primary culture generation. MTT, immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR assays of CD34, Sox2, Amel, Ambn, p21, EDAR, Msx1, Msx2, Pax9, RUNX2, BSP, OPN, Barx1 and GAPDH (control) were performed. Additionally, six paraffin-embedded odontomas were obtained for immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR validation assays. The mean and standard deviation were determined, and ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis tests were performed. RESULTS Cultured compound odontoma exhibited higher proliferation, and an ectomesenchymal immunocytochemistry profile with predominant expression of Amel, BSP, Pax9, EDAR, Barx and Msx2; in complex cultured odontoma Sox2, CD34, RUNX2 and OPN predominated. Our statistical analysis showed a significant difference in PCR analysis (P<0.05) for OPN and CD34. Paraffin-embedded odontomas showed similar pattern with difference for NGFR and Sox2 for immunohistochemistry and EDAR, BARX1 and PAX9 for RT-PCR assays. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested heterogeneous behavior for both odontoma cell lines, because in compound odontomas predominant biomarkers are related to the enamel knot, late-stage odontogenesis and ectomesenchymal interactions; and in complex odontoma the significant expression of CD34 and OPN could be responsible for the difference behavior and mineralized amorphous structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Trejo-Remigio
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Graduate Dental School, National Autonomous Mexico University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis F Jacinto-Alemán
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Immunohistochemistry, Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Graduate Dental School, National Autonomous Mexico University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elba R Leyva-Huerta
- Service of Oral Pathology Diagnosis, Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Graduate Dental School, National Autonomous Mexico University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Javier Portilla-Robertson
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Graduate Dental School, National Autonomous Mexico University, Mexico City, Mexico -
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21
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Khan W, Augustine D, Rao RS, Sowmya SV, Haragannavar VC, Nambiar S. Stem Cell Markers SOX-2 and OCT-4 Enable to Resolve the Diagnostic Dilemma between Ameloblastic Carcinoma and Aggressive Solid Multicystic Ameloblastoma. Adv Biomed Res 2018; 7:149. [PMID: 30596059 PMCID: PMC6282489 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_135_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ameloblastic carcinoma (ACA) is a malignant neoplasm with overlapping histopathological features of benign aggressive solid multicystic ameloblastoma (SMA). This often leads to misdiagnosis with direct implication on the management protocol. The need of the hour is to adopt reliable tissue biomarkers to differentiate these lesions accurately that will help to implement an appropriate treatment modality. Few studies to differentiate ACA and SMA in literature with a limitation of a single marker and lack of availability of cases have prompted us to undertake this study. Thereby, this study is aimed at resolving the diagnostic dilemma in differentiating ACA and aggressive SMA using SOX-2, OCT-4 and CD44. Materials and Methods Tissue samples involved 40 archival cases of histopathologically confirmed cases of ACA (n = 20) and SMA (n = 20). The sections were subjected to immunohistochemical staining using antibodies to SOX-2, OCT-4 and CD44. Nuclear staining for SOX-2 and OCT-4 and membranous reactivity for CD44 was considered positive. Results The expression of SOX-2 and OCT-4 in ACA was statistically significant when compared to SMA (P < 0.001). CD44 showed an insignificant statistical value of <0.077 in differentiating ACA and SMA. SOX-2 and OCT-4 expression in ACA showed a significant correlation coefficient of 0.616 at P < 0.004. Conclusions SOX-2 and OCT-4 could serve as independent novel markers in resolving the diagnostic dilemma between ACA and aggressive SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Khan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dominic Augustine
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Roopa S Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Samudrala Venkatesiah Sowmya
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vanishri C Haragannavar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shwetha Nambiar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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22
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He B, Chiba Y, Li H, de Vega S, Tanaka K, Yoshizaki K, Ishijima M, Yuasa K, Ishikawa M, Rhodes C, Sakai K, Zhang P, Fukumoto S, Zhou X, Yamada Y. Identification of the Novel Tooth-Specific Transcription Factor AmeloD. J Dent Res 2018; 98:234-241. [PMID: 30426815 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518808254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play an important role in various organs' development; however, a tooth-specific bHLH factor has not been reported. In this study, we identified a novel tooth-specific bHLH transcription factor, which we named AmeloD, by screening a tooth germ complementary DNA (cDNA) library using a yeast 2-hybrid system. AmeloD was mapped onto the mouse chromosome 1q32. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AmeloD belongs to the achaete-scute complex-like ( ASCL) gene family and is a homologue of ASCL5. AmeloD was uniquely expressed in the inner enamel epithelium (IEE), but its expression was suppressed after IEE cell differentiation into ameloblasts. Furthermore, AmeloD expression showed an inverse expression pattern with the epithelial cell-specific cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin in the dental epithelium. Overexpression of AmeloD in dental epithelial cell line CLDE cells resulted in E-cadherin suppression. We found that AmeloD bound to E-box cis-regulatory elements in the proximal promoter region of the E-cadherin gene. These results reveal that AmeloD functions as a suppressor of E-cadherin transcription in IEE cells. Our study demonstrated that AmeloD is a novel tooth-specific bHLH transcription factor that may regulate tooth development through the suppression of E-cadherin in IEE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B He
- 1 Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,3 Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Y Chiba
- 1 Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,4 Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - H Li
- 1 Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,5 Lifecare Acupuncture and Alternative Medicine Center, Colleyville, TX, USA
| | - S de Vega
- 1 Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,6 Department of Pathophysiology for Locomotive and Neoplastic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Tanaka
- 1 Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,7 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - K Yoshizaki
- 1 Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,8 Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Ishijima
- 1 Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,9 Department of Medicine for Orthopedics and Motor Organ, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Yuasa
- 1 Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,10 Pediatric Dentistry, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - M Ishikawa
- 1 Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,11 Division of Operative Dentistry, Laboratory of Cell and Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - C Rhodes
- 1 Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Sakai
- 1 Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,12 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - P Zhang
- 1 Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Fukumoto
- 4 Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - X Zhou
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Yamada
- 1 Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Han X, Yoshizaki K, Miyazaki K, Arai C, Funada K, Yuta T, Tian T, Chiba Y, Saito K, Iwamoto T, Yamada A, Takahashi I, Fukumoto S. The transcription factor NKX2-3 mediates p21 expression and ectodysplasin-A signaling in the enamel knot for cusp formation in tooth development. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14572-14584. [PMID: 30089653 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth morphogenesis is initiated by reciprocal interactions between the ectoderm and neural crest-derived mesenchyme. During tooth development, tooth cusps are regulated by precise control of proliferation of cell clusters, termed enamel knots, that are present among dental epithelial cells. The interaction of ectodysplasin-A (EDA) with its receptor, EDAR, plays a critical role in cusp formation by these enamel knots, and mutations of these genes is a cause of ectodermal dysplasia. It has also been reported that deficiency in Nkx2-3, encoding a member of the NK2 homeobox family of transcription factors, leads to cusp absence in affected teeth. However, the molecular role of NKX2-3 in tooth morphogenesis is not clearly understood. Using gene microarray analysis in mouse embryos, we found that Nkx2-3 is highly expressed during tooth development and increased during the tooth morphogenesis, especially during cusp formation. We also demonstrate that NKX2-3 is a target molecule of EDA and critical for expression of the cell cycle regulator p21 in the enamel knot. Moreover, NKX2-3 activated the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway by up-regulating expression levels of Bmp2 and Bmpr2 in dental epithelium and decreased the expression of the dental epithelial stem cell marker SRY box 2 (SOX2). Together, our results indicate that EDA/NKX2-3 signaling is essential for enamel knot formation during tooth morphogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582,
| | - Kanako Miyazaki
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Chieko Arai
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Keita Funada
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Tomomi Yuta
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Tian Tian
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Yuta Chiba
- the Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, and
| | - Kan Saito
- the Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, and
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-0042, Japan
| | - Aya Yamada
- the Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, and
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- From the Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- the Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, and
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24
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Oct-4 and CD44 in epithelial stem cells like of benign odontogenic lesions. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:371-377. [PMID: 29971493 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Benign epithelial odontogenic lesions are great clinical importance entities that develop in the jaws from the tissues that form teeth. It has been shown that benign and malignant tumors are present in a large number of tumor stem cells, which has great implications in the development of these lesions. Oct-4 and CD44 have been demonstrated as important markers for tumoral stem cells. The aim of this study was investigate the presence of stem cell markers Oct-4 and CD44 in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions. Twenty odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), 20 ameloblastomas (AMB) of the solid/multicystic type and 20 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT) were retrospectively analyzed for immunohistochemical detection of Oct-4 and CD44 in their epithelial component. All cases were positive for the two markers, with the majority exhibiting a high expression. Analysis of the expression of Oct-4 revealed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.406) between the lesions studied. Regarding CD44, there was a significant difference between the cases of AMB and AOT in relation with OKC, with the latter presenting a greater labelling (p = 0.034). No statistically significant correlation between Oct-4 and CD44 was observed in the lesions. In our findings, the presence of stem cell-like phenotype at various sites of the epithelial component of the odontogenic lesions was identified, suggesting its possible participation in histogenesis and differentiation without, however, exerting influence on the aggressiveness of the lesions.
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Saito K, Takahashi K, Huang B, Asahara M, Kiso H, Togo Y, Tsukamoto H, Mishima S, Nagata M, Iida M, Tokita Y, Asai M, Shimizu A, Komori T, Harada H, MacDougall M, Sugai M, Bessho K. Loss of Stemness, EMT, and Supernumerary Tooth Formation in Cebpb -/-Runx2 +/- Murine Incisors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5169. [PMID: 29581460 PMCID: PMC5980103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult Cebpb KO mice incisors present amelogenin-positive epithelium pearls, enamel and dentin allopathic hyperplasia, fewer Sox2-positive cells in labial cervical loop epitheliums, and reduced Sox2 expression in enamel epithelial stem cells. Thus, Cebpb acts upstream of Sox2 to regulate stemness. In this study, Cebpb KO mice demonstrated cementum-like hard tissue in dental pulp, loss of polarity by ameloblasts, enamel matrix in ameloblastic layer, and increased expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in a Cebpb knockdown mouse enamel epithelial stem cell line. Runx2 knockdown in the cell line presented a similar expression pattern. Therefore, the EMT enabled disengaged odontogenic epithelial stem cells to develop supernumerary teeth. Cebpb and Runx2 knockdown in the cell line revealed higher Biglycan and Decorin expression, and Decorin-positive staining in the periapical region, indicating their involvement in supernumerary tooth formation. Cebpb and Runx2 acted synergistically and played an important role in the formation of supernumerary teeth in adult incisors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Saito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsu Takahashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Boyen Huang
- School of Dentistry and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Masakazu Asahara
- Division of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Honoka Kiso
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumiko Togo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsukamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sayaka Mishima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Machiko Iida
- Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tokita
- Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Harada
- The Advanced Oral Health Science Research Center, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Mary MacDougall
- Facultyl of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Manabu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Bessho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Gilbert EAB, Vickaryous MK. Neural stem/progenitor cells are activated during tail regeneration in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius). J Comp Neurol 2017; 526:285-309. [PMID: 28980312 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As for many lizards, the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) can self-detach its tail to avoid predation and then regenerate a replacement. The replacement tail includes a regenerated spinal cord with a simple morphology: an ependymal layer surrounded by nerve tracts. We hypothesized that cells within the ependymal layer of the original spinal cord include populations of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) that contribute to the regenerated spinal cord. Prior to tail loss, we performed a bromodeoxyuridine pulse-chase experiment and found that a subset of ependymal layer cells (ELCs) were label-retaining after a 140-day chase period. Next, we conducted a detailed spatiotemporal characterization of these cells before, during, and after tail regeneration. Our findings show that SOX2, a hallmark protein of NSPCs, is constitutively expressed by virtually all ELCs before, during, and after regeneration. We also found that during regeneration, ELCs express an expanded panel of NSPC and lineage-restricted progenitor cell markers, including MSI-1, SOX9, and TUJ1. Using electron microscopy, we determined that multiciliated, uniciliated, and biciliated cells are present, although the latter was only observed in regenerated spinal cords. Our results demonstrate that cells within the ependymal layer of the original, regenerating and fully regenerate spinal cord represent a heterogeneous population. These include radial glia comparable to Type E and Type B cells, and a neuronal-like population of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting cells. We propose that spinal cord regeneration in geckos represents a truncation of the restorative trajectory observed in some urodeles and teleosts, resulting in the formation of a structurally distinct replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A B Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - M K Vickaryous
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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27
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Diniz MG, Gomes CC, de Sousa SF, Xavier GM, Gomez RS. Oncogenic signalling pathways in benign odontogenic cysts and tumours. Oral Oncol 2017; 72:165-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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28
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Estrela C, Freitas Silva BS, Silva JA, Yamamoto-Silva FP, Pinto-Júnior DDS, Gomez RS. Stem Cell Marker Expression in Persistent Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2016; 43:63-68. [PMID: 27847139 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the expression of CD90 (mesenchymal stem cell) and Sox2 (progenitor stem cell) markers in persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) (n = 16) and primary periapical lesions (PPLs) (n = 10). METHODS All samples were classified histologically according to the intensity of inflammatory cell infiltrate in the periapical lesion. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD90 and Sox2 in PAP and PPLs. The Spearman correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze data at the 5% significance level. RESULTS CD90 expression was found in mesenchymal cells and vascular endothelial cells of 68.5% of all cases of PAP. There was no correlation between CD90 expression and histopathological diagnosis (P = .053) or inflammatory cell infiltrate intensity (P = .112). CD90 staining was predominantly found in the vascular endothelial cells of 30% (n = 3) of PPLs. CD90 expression was significantly higher in PAP than in PPLs (Mann-Whitney U test, P < .05). Sox2 expression was found in all cases of PAP. Eventually, all mesenchymal and chronic inflammatory cells exhibited Sox2 expression. There was no correlation between Sox2 expression and histopathological diagnoses (P = .749), inflammatory cell infiltrate intensity (P = .510), or acute or chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate (P = .256). Sox2 expression was found in 100% of PPLs. There was no difference in Sox2 expression between PAP and PPLs (P = .477). CONCLUSIONS Mesenchymal stem cells may contribute to the immunosuppressive environment in PAP. Additionally, distinct stem cell sources may be associated with the chronic nature of PAP as well as with the development of PPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Estrela
- Department of Stomatologic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
| | | | - Júlio A Silva
- Department of Stomatologic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Yamamoto-Silva
- Department of Stomatologic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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29
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Nascimento MAB, Nonaka CFW, Barboza CAG, Freitas RDA, Pereira Pinto L, Souza LBD. Immunoexpression of BMP-2 and BMP-4 and their receptors, BMPR-IA and BMPR-II, in ameloblastomas and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 73:223-229. [PMID: 27780042 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of BMP-2 and BMP-4 and of their receptors (BMPR-IA and BMPR-II) in solid ameloblastoma (SA), unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) in order to obtain a better understanding of their role in the development and biological behavior of these tumors. DESIGN This study analyzed these proteins in 30 cases of SA, 10 cases of UA, and 30 cases of AOT. Immunoexpression was evaluated in the parenchyma and stroma by attributing the following scores: 0, no stained cells; 1, ≤10%; 2, >10% and ≤25%; 3, >25% and ≤50%; 4, >50% and ≤75%.; 5, >75% stained cells. RESULTS In SAs, positive correlations were observed between the stromal and parenchymal expression of BMP-2 (p<0.001) and between the stromal expression of BMP-2 and BMP-4 (p=0.020), as well as between the stromal expression of BMPR-II and BMP-4 (p=0.001) and the stromal and parenchymal expression of BMPR-II (p<0.001). In UAs, correlations were detected between the stromal and parenchymal expression of BMP-4 (p=0.035) and between the stromal expression of BMP-4 and BMPR-IA (p=0.022). In AOTs, analysis of immunoexpression in the parenchyma revealed positive correlations between all proteins. CONCLUSION BMPs and their receptors play an important role in the differentiation and development of ameloblastomas and AOTs, but may not explain the different biological behaviors of these lesions. The positive correlation observed in AOTs might be related to the formation of mineralized material in this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leão Pereira Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lélia Batista de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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30
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Hovorakova M, Lochovska K, Zahradnicek O, Domonkosova Tibenska K, Dornhoferova M, Horakova-Smrckova L, Bodorikova S. One Odontogenic Cell-Population Contributes to the Development of the Mouse Incisors and of the Oral Vestibule. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162523. [PMID: 27611193 PMCID: PMC5017683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The area of the oral vestibule is often a place where pathologies appear (e.g., peripheral odontomas). The origin of these pathologies is not fully understood. In the present study, we traced a cell population expressing Sonic hedgehog (Shh) from the beginning of tooth development using Cre-LoxP system in the lower jaw of wild-type (WT) mice. We focused on Shh expression in the area of the early appearing rudimentary incisor germs located anteriorly to the prospective incisors. The localization of the labelled cells in the incisor germs and also in the inner epithelial layer of the vestibular anlage showed that the first very early developmental events in the lower incisor area are common to the vestibulum oris and the prospective incisor primordia in mice. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of human historical tooth-like structures found in the vestibular area of jaws confirmed their relation to teeth and thus the capability of the vestibular tissue to form teeth. The location of labelled cells descendant of the early appearing Shh expression domain related to the rudimentary incisor anlage not only in the rudimentary and functional incisor germs but also in the externally located anlage of the oral vestibule documented the odontogenic potential of the vestibular epithelium. This potential can be awakened under pathological conditions and become a source of pathologies in the vestibular area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hovorakova
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Katerina Lochovska
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Zahradnicek
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Domonkosova Tibenska
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michaela Dornhoferova
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucie Horakova-Smrckova
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Bodorikova
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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31
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LGR4 is required for sequential molar development. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:174-183. [PMID: 28955954 PMCID: PMC5613770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth development requires proliferation, differentiation, and specific migration of dental epithelial cells, through well-organized signaling interactions with mesenchymal cells. Recently, it has been reported that leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein coupled receptor 4 (LGR4), the receptor of R-spondins, is expressed in many epithelial cells in various organs and tissues and is essential for organ development and stem cell maintenance. Here, we report that LGR4 contributes to the sequential development of molars in mice. LGR4 expression in dental epithelium was detected in SOX2+ cells in the posterior end of the second molar (M2) and the early tooth germ of the third molar (M3). In keratinocyte-specific Lgr4-deficient mice (Lgr4K5 KO), the developmental defect became obvious by postnatal day 14 (P14) in M3. Lgr4K5 KO adult mice showed complete absence or the dwarfed form of M3. In M3 development in Lgr4K5 KO mice, at Wnt/β-catenin signal activity was down-regulated in the dental epithelium at P3, as indicated by lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1) expression. We also confirmed the decrease, in dental epithelium of Lgr4K5 KO mice, of the number of SOX2+ cells and the arrest of cell proliferation at P7, and observed abnormal differentiation at P14. Our data demonstrated that LGR4 controls the sequential development of molars by maintaining SOX2+ cells in the dental epithelium, which have the ability to form normal molars. LGR4 expression was observed in the dental epithelium after birth and moved posteriorly during molar development. Keratin5-Cre Tg specific deletion of Lgr4 impaired the development of the third molar. LGR4 maintained SOX2 positive and proliferative cells in the dental epithelium of molars.
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32
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Hu S, Parker J, Divaris K, Padilla R, Murrah V, Wright JT. Ameloblastoma Phenotypes Reflected in Distinct Transcriptome Profiles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30867. [PMID: 27491308 PMCID: PMC4974613 DOI: 10.1038/srep30867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is a locally invasive benign neoplasm derived from odontogenic epithelium and presents with diverse phenotypes yet to be characterized molecularly. High recurrence rates of 50–80% with conservative treatment in some sub-types warrants radical surgical resections resulting in high morbidity. The objective of the study was to characterize the transcriptome of ameloblastoma and identify relevant genes and molecular pathways using normal odontogenic tissue (human “dentome”) for comparison. Laser capture microdissection was used to obtain neoplastic epithelial tissue from 17 tumors which were examined using the Agilent 44 k whole genome microarray. Ameloblastoma separated into 2 distinct molecular clusters that were associated with pre-secretory ameloblast and odontoblast. Within the pre-secretory cluster, 9/10 of samples were of the follicular type while 6/7 of the samples in the odontoblast cluster were of the plexiform type (p < 0.05). Common pathways altered in both clusters included cell-cycle regulation, inflammatory and MAPkinase pathways, specifically known cancer-driving genes such as TP53 and members of the MAPkinase pathways. The pre-secretory ameloblast cluster exhibited higher activation of inflammatory pathways while the odontoblast cluster showed greater disturbances in transcription regulators. Our results are suggestive of underlying inter-tumor molecular heterogeneity of ameloblastoma sub-types and have implications for the use of tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Hu
- Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joel Parker
- Cancer Genetics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ricardo Padilla
- Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Valerie Murrah
- Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John Timothy Wright
- Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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33
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Sox2 contributes to tooth development via Wnt signaling. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:77-84. [PMID: 26846112 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Sox2 is a stem cell marker that dictates cell lineage. It has been shown to mark the epithelial stem cells of the continuously growing mouse incisors. Sox2 also interferes with Wnt signaling by binding to β-catenin, a central mediator of the Wnt pathway. We show that these functions of Sox2 are essential for mouse molar development. Sox2 has previously been shown to play a role in the formation of new teeth from the existing dental epithelium. To assess Sox2 function related to cell migration within a tooth, we monitored cell movement by using a DiI system and observed that DiI moves from molar 1 to molar 2 during tooth development. However, upon temporal knockdown of Sox2, DiI remains in the molar 1 region. This study also provides novel insights into the role of Sox2 and the important validation of Sox2 as a potent target in Wnt signaling during tooth development. Our data reveal that the degradation of Wnt signaling caused by the knockdown of Sox2 results in a lack of cell migration during tooth development.
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SILVA FPY, DIAS A, COELHO CA, GUERRA EN, MARQUES AEM, DECURCIO DDA, MANTESSO A, CURY SEV, SILVA BSDF. Expression of CD90 and P75NTR stem cell markers in ameloblastomas: a possible role in their biological behavior. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e109. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Yi Q, Cao Y, Liu OS, Lu YQ, Wang JS, Wang SL, Yao R, Fan ZP. Spatial and temporal expression of histone demethylase, Kdm2a, during murine molar development. Biotech Histochem 2015; 91:137-44. [PMID: 26720400 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1106586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone demethylase, lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2A (Kdm2a), is highly conserved and expressed ubiquitously. Kdm2a can regulate cell proliferation and osteo/dentinogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from dental tissue. We used quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry to detect Kdm2a expression during development of the murine molar at embryonic days E12, E14, E16 and E17 and postnatal days P3 and P14. Immunohistochemistry results showed no positive staining of Kdm2a at E12. At E14, Kdm2a was expressed weakly in the inner enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum cells and dental sac. At E16, Kdm2a was expressed mainly in the inner and outer enamel epithelium, stratum intermedium and dental sac, but weaker staining was found in cervical loop and dental papilla cells adjacent to the basement membrane. At E17, the strongest Kdm2a staining was detected in the ameloblasts and stronger Kdm2a staining also was detected in the stratum intermedium, outer enamel epithelium and dental papilla cells compared to the expression at E16. Postnatally, we found that Kdm2a was localized in secretory and mature ameloblasts and odontoblasts, and dentin was unstained. Real-time RT-PCR showed that Kdm2a mRNA levels in murine germ cells increased from E12 to E14 and from E14 to E16; no significant change occurred at E16, E17 or P3, then the levels decreased at P14 compared to P3. Kdm2a expression may be closely related to cell proliferation, to ameloblast and odontoblast differentiation and to the secretion of extracellular enamel and dentin during murine tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yi
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,d Xiangya Stomatology Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China.,e School of Stomatology, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Y Cao
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,f Department of General Dentistry , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - O S Liu
- d Xiangya Stomatology Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China.,e School of Stomatology, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Y Q Lu
- d Xiangya Stomatology Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China.,e School of Stomatology, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - J S Wang
- b Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - S L Wang
- b Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - R Yao
- g Department of Pediatrics , Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Z P Fan
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
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36
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Gaete M, Fons JM, Popa EM, Chatzeli L, Tucker AS. Epithelial topography for repetitive tooth formation. Biol Open 2015; 4:1625-34. [PMID: 26538639 PMCID: PMC4736031 DOI: 10.1242/bio.013672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the formation of repetitive ectodermally derived organs such as mammary glands, lateral line and teeth, the tissue primordium iteratively initiates new structures. In the case of successional molar development, new teeth appear sequentially in the posterior region of the jaw from Sox2+ cells in association with the posterior aspect of a pre-existing tooth. The sequence of molar development is well known, however, the epithelial topography involved in the formation of a new tooth is unclear. Here, we have examined the morphology of the molar dental epithelium and its development at different stages in the mouse in vivo and in molar explants. Using regional lineage tracing we show that within the posterior tail of the first molar the primordium for the second and third molar are organized in a row, with the tail remaining in connection with the surface, where a furrow is observed. The morphology and Sox2 expression of the tail retains characteristics reminiscent of the earlier stages of tooth development, such that position along the A-P axes of the tail correlates with different temporal stages. Sox9, a stem/progenitor cell marker in other organs, is expressed mainly in the suprabasal epithelium complementary with Sox2 expression. This Sox2 and Sox9 expressing molar tail contains actively proliferating cells with mitosis following an apico-basal direction. Snail2, a transcription factor implicated in cell migration, is expressed at high levels in the tip of the molar tail while E-cadherin and laminin are decreased. In conclusion, our studies propose a model in which the epithelium of the molar tail can grow by posterior movement of epithelial cells followed by infolding and stratification involving a population of Sox2+/Sox9+ cells. Summary: This study proposes a model for repetitive tooth formation in which the epithelium can grow by the movement of epithelial cells followed by infolding and stratification of Sox2/Sox9 positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Gaete
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Juan Manuel Fons
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Elena Mădălina Popa
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lemonia Chatzeli
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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37
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Yu T, Volponi AA, Babb R, An Z, Sharpe PT. Stem Cells in Tooth Development, Growth, Repair, and Regeneration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015; 115:187-212. [PMID: 26589926 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human teeth contain stem cells in all their mesenchymal-derived tissues, which include the pulp, periodontal ligament, and developing roots, in addition to the support tissues such as the alveolar bone. The precise roles of these cells remain poorly understood and most likely involve tissue repair mechanisms but their relative ease of harvesting makes teeth a valuable potential source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for therapeutic use. These dental MSC populations all appear to have the same developmental origins, being derived from cranial neural crest cells, a population of embryonic stem cells with multipotential properties. In rodents, the incisor teeth grow continuously throughout life, a feature that requires populations of continuously active mesenchymal and epithelial stem cells. The discrete locations of these stem cells in the incisor have rendered them amenable for study and much is being learnt about the general properties of these stem cells for the incisor as a model system. The incisor MSCs appear to be a heterogeneous population consisting of cells from different neural crest-derived tissues. The epithelial stem cells can be traced directly back in development to a Sox10(+) population present at the time of tooth initiation. In this review, we describe the basic biology of dental stem cells, their functions, and potential clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yu
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Babb
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengwen An
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.
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38
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Xavier GM, Patist AL, Healy C, Pagrut A, Carreno G, Sharpe PT, Martinez-Barbera JP, Thavaraj S, Cobourne MT, Andoniadou CL. Activated WNT signaling in postnatal SOX2-positive dental stem cells can drive odontoma formation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14479. [PMID: 26411543 PMCID: PMC4585991 DOI: 10.1038/srep14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In common with most mammals, humans form only two dentitions during their lifetime. Occasionally, supernumerary teeth develop in addition to the normal complement. Odontoma represent a small group of malformations containing calcified dental tissues of both epithelial and mesenchymal origin, with varying levels of organization, including tooth-like structures. The specific cell type responsible for the induction of odontoma, which retains the capacity to re-initiate de novo tooth development in postnatal tissues, is not known. Here we demonstrate that aberrant activation of WNT signaling by expression of a non-degradable form of β-catenin specifically in SOX2-positive postnatal dental epithelial stem cells is sufficient to generate odontoma containing multiple tooth-like structures complete with all dental tissue layers. Genetic lineage-tracing confirms that odontoma form in a similar manner to normal teeth, derived from both the mutation-sustaining epithelial stem cells and adjacent mesenchymal tissues. Activation of the WNT pathway in embryonic SOX2-positive progenitors results in ectopic expression of secreted signals that promote odontogenesis throughout the oral cavity. Significantly, the inductive potential of epithelial dental stem cells is retained in postnatal tissues, and up-regulation of WNT signaling specifically in these cells is sufficient to promote generation and growth of ectopic malformations faithfully resembling human odontoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M Xavier
- Department of Orthodontics, King's College London, UK.,Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - Amanda L Patist
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - Chris Healy
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - Ankita Pagrut
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - Gabriela Carreno
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Selvam Thavaraj
- Department of Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - Martyn T Cobourne
- Department of Orthodontics, King's College London, UK.,Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - Cynthia L Andoniadou
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, UK
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39
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Dosedělová H, Dumková J, Lesot H, Glocová K, Kunová M, Tucker AS, Veselá I, Krejčí P, Tichý F, Hampl A, Buchtová M. Fate of the molar dental lamina in the monophyodont mouse. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127543. [PMID: 26010446 PMCID: PMC4444311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The successional dental lamina (SDL) plays an essential role in the development of replacement teeth in diphyodont and polyphyodont animals. A morphologically similar structure, the rudimental successional dental lamina (RSDL), has been described in monophyodont (only one tooth generation) lizards on the lingual side of the developing functional tooth. This rudimentary lamina regresses, which has been proposed to play a role in preventing the formation of future generations of teeth. A similar rudimentary lingual structure has been reported associated with the first molar in the monophyodont mouse, and we show that this structure is common to all murine molars. Intriguingly, a lingual lamina is also observed on the non-replacing molars of other diphyodont mammals (pig and hedgehog), initially appearing very similar to the successional dental lamina on the replacing teeth. We have analyzed the morphological as well as ultrastructural changes that occur during the development and loss of this molar lamina in the mouse, from its initiation at late embryonic stages to its disappearance at postnatal stages. We show that loss appears to be driven by a reduction in cell proliferation, down-regulation of the progenitor marker Sox2, with only a small number of cells undergoing programmed cell death. The lingual lamina was associated with the dental stalk, a short epithelial connection between the tooth germ and the oral epithelium. The dental stalk remained in contact with the oral epithelium throughout tooth development up to eruption when connective tissue and numerous capillaries progressively invaded the dental stalk. The buccal side of the dental stalk underwent keratinisation and became part of the gingival epithelium, while most of the lingual cells underwent programmed cell death and the tissue directly above the erupting tooth was shed into the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Dosedělová
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dumková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hervé Lesot
- INSERM UMR1109, Team "Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kristýna Glocová
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kunová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King´s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthodontics, King´s College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iva Veselá
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krejčí
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - František Tichý
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Buchtová
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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40
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Heikinheimo K, Kurppa KJ, Laiho A, Peltonen S, Berdal A, Bouattour A, Ruhin B, Catón J, Thesleff I, Leivo I, Morgan PR. Early dental epithelial transcription factors distinguish ameloblastoma from keratocystic odontogenic tumor. J Dent Res 2015; 94:101-11. [PMID: 25398365 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514556815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterize the molecular relationship between ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) by means of a genome-wide expression analysis. Total RNA from 27 fresh tumor samples of 15 solid/multicystic intraosseous ameloblastomas and 12 sporadic KCOTs was hybridized on Affymetrix whole genome arrays. Hierarchical clustering separated ameloblastomas and KCOTs into 2 distinct groups. The gene set enrichment analysis based on 303 dental genes showed a similar separation of ameloblastomas and KCOTs. Early dental epithelial markers PITX2, MSX2, DLX2, RUNX1, and ISL1 were differentially overexpressed in ameloblastoma, indicating its dental identity. Also, PTHLH, a hormone involved in tooth eruption and invasive growth, was one of the most differentially upregulated genes in ameloblastoma. The most differentially overexpressed genes in KCOT were squamous epithelial differentiation markers SPRR1A, KRTDAP, and KRT4, as well as DSG1, a component of desmosomal cell-cell junctions. Additonally, the epithelial stem cell marker SOX2 was significantly upregulated in KCOT when compared with ameloblastoma. Taken together, the gene expression profile of ameloblastoma reflects differentiation from dental lamina toward the cap/bell stage of tooth development, as indicated by dental epithelium-specific transcription factors. In contrast, gene expression of KCOT indicates differentiation toward keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Heikinheimo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K J Kurppa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | - A Laiho
- Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - S Peltonen
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Berdal
- Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 872, Cordeliers Biomedical Institute, Paris 7 University, Paris, France
| | - A Bouattour
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, André Grégoire Hospital, Paris, France
| | - B Ruhin
- Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 872, Cordeliers Biomedical Institute, Paris 7 University, Paris, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Paris, France
| | - J Catón
- Head and Neck/Oral Pathology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - I Thesleff
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Leivo
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - P R Morgan
- Head and Neck/Oral Pathology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
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41
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Hunter KD, Speight PM. The diagnostic usefulness of immunohistochemistry for odontogenic lesions. Head Neck Pathol 2014; 8:392-9. [PMID: 25409846 PMCID: PMC4245415 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-014-0582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of odontogenic tumors can be challenging, largely due to their rarity and consequent difficulties in gaining experience in their assessment. In most cases, careful attention to morphology, in conjunction with clinical and radiological features will allow a diagnosis to be made. However, in some cases, immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor may be useful. In this review we will outline the immunohistochemical expression profile of normal developing odontogenic tissues and a range of odontogenic tumors. In many cases the immunohistochemical markers are neither specific nor sensitive enough to be of help in diagnosis, but in some cases such analysis may prove very useful. Thus we have outlined a limited number of circumstances where immunohistochemistry may be of use to the practicing diagnostic pathologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D. Hunter
- grid.11835.3e0000000419369262Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA UK
| | - Paul M. Speight
- grid.11835.3e0000000419369262Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA UK
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42
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Lei Y, Jaradat JM, Owosho A, Adebiyi KE, Lybrand KS, Neville BW, Müller S, Bilodeau EA. Evaluation of SOX2 as a potential marker for ameloblastic carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 117:608-616.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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