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Mato EG, Montaño-Barrientos BJ, Rivas-Mundiña B, Aneiros IV, López LS, Posse JL, Lamas LM. Anti-caries Streptococcus spp.: A potential preventive tool for special needs patients. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2024; 44:813-822. [PMID: 37674277 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Probiotics are living microorganisms that act on the host-microbiome interface to restore the microbiota's physiological homeostasis. Numerous probiotics have been marketed with inhibitory activity against Streptococcus mutans and consequently with a potential anti-caries effect, mainly of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, whose main disadvantage is their limited ability to settle in the oral cavity. METHODS This narrative review describes the main Streptococcus spp. with probiotic anti-Streptococcus mutans activity, whose substantivity is greater than that of Lactobacillus spp. and consequently with anti-caries potentiality. We performed a literature review in the PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases of articles published in English (without time restriction) related to caries and probiotics. RESULTS The potential identified anti-caries probiotics included Streptococcus spp. A12, Streptococcus oralis (AJ3), Streptococcus oligofermentans, Streptococcus salivarius (K12, M18, JH, LAB813, 24SMB), Streptococcus spp. with arginolytic activity (S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, S. ratti, S. parasanguinis, S. intermedius, S. australis, and S. cristatus), Streptococcus rattus (JH145), Streptococcus dentisani and Streptococcus downii. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of using these Streptococcus spp. as probiotics that inhibit the growth of dental plaque and the development of carious lesions represents a potential tool of particular interest for individuals with physical or intellectual disabilities that impede the routine and effective application of mechanical dental plaque removal techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane García Mato
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bitalio J Montaño-Barrientos
- Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Microbiology and Infectology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Berta Rivas-Mundiña
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iván Varela Aneiros
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Sande López
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jacobo Limeres Posse
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Martínez Lamas
- Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Microbiology and Infectology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Yu H, Ganas P, Schwendicke F. Environment-Specific Probiotic Supernatants Modify the Metabolic Activity and Survival of Streptococcus mutans in vitro. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1447. [PMID: 32670254 PMCID: PMC7332556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of studies showed probiotics like Streptococcus oligofermentans and Limosilactobacillus reuteri to inhibit the cariogenic activity and survival of Streptococcus mutans, possibly via the production of substances like H2O2, reuterin, ammonia and organic acids. We aimed to assess the environment-specific mechanisms underlying this inhibition. We cultured L. reuteri and S. oligofermentans in various environments; minimal medium (MM), MM containing glucose (MM+Glu), glycerol (MM+Gly), lactic acid (MM+Lac), arginine (MM+Arg) and all four substances (MM+all) in vitro. Culture supernatants were obtained and metabolite concentrations (reuterin, ammonia, H2O2, lactate) measured. S. mutans was similarly cultivated in the above six different MM variation media, with glucose being additionally added to the MM+Gly, MM+Lac, and MM+Arg group, with (test groups) and without (control groups) the addition of the supernatants of the described probiotic cultures. Lactate production by S. mutans was measured and its survival (as colony-forming-units/mL) assessed. L. reuteri environment-specifically produced reuterin, H2O2, ammonia and lactate, as did S. oligofermentans. When cultured in S. oligofermentans supernatants, lactate production by S. mutans was significantly reduced (p < 0.01), especially in MM+Lac+Glu and MM+all, with no detectable lactate production at all (controls means ± SD: 4.46 ± 0.41 mM and 6.00 ± 0.29 mM, respectively, p < 0.001). A similar reduction in lactate production was found when S. mutans was cultured in L. reuteri supernatants (p < 0.05) for all groups except MM+Lac+Glu. Survival of S. mutans cultured in S. oligofermentans supernatants in MM+Lac+Glu and MM+all was significantly reduced by 0.6-log10 and 0.5-log10, respectively. Treatment with the supernatant of L. reuteri resulted in a reduction in the viability of S. mutans in MM+Gly+Glu and MM+all by 6.1-log10 and 7.1-log10, respectively. Probiotic effects on the metabolic activity and survival of S. mutans were environment-specific through different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Yu
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Ganas
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Schwendicke
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany
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Redanz S, Cheng X, Giacaman RA, Pfeifer CS, Merritt J, Kreth J. Live and let die: Hydrogen peroxide production by the commensal flora and its role in maintaining a symbiotic microbiome. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:337-352. [PMID: 29897662 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The majority of commensal oral streptococci are able to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) during aerobic growth, which can diffuse through the cell membrane and inhibit competing species in close proximity. Competing H2 O2 production is mainly dependent upon the pyruvate oxidase SpxB, and to a lesser extent the lactate oxidase LctO, both of which are important for energy generation in aerobic environments. Several studies point to a broad impact of H2 O2 production in the oral environment, including a potential role in biofilm homeostasis, signaling, and interspecies interactions. Here, we summarize the current research regarding oral streptococcal H2 O2 generation, resistance mechanisms, and the ecological impact of H2 O2 production. We also discuss the potential therapeutic utility of H2 O2 for the prevention/treatment of dysbiotic diseases as well as its potential role as a biomarker of oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvio Redanz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Xingqun Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rodrigo A Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Carmen S Pfeifer
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Justin Merritt
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jens Kreth
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Bao X, Yang J, de Soet JJ, Liu H, Gao X, van Loveren C, Deng D. Factors Influencing the Competition between Streptococcus oligofermentans and Streptococcus mutans in Dual-Species Biofilms. Caries Res 2017; 51:507-514. [PMID: 28965113 DOI: 10.1159/000479044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that Streptococcus oligofermentans inhibits the growth of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in biofilms in vitro and is considered a probiotic candidate for caries prevention. This study aimed to examine the effects of various environmental factors on the competition between S. oligofermentans and S. mutans in a dual-species biofilm model. Single or dual S. oligofermentans and S. mutans biofilms were grown in a 96-well active attachment model for 48 h. Several growth conditions were examined in the model, namely: S. oligofermentans was inoculated 24 h before S. mutans or vice versa; the growth medium was supplemented with 0.2% sucrose or 0.4% glucose; biofilms were grown under a constantly neutral pH or pH-cycling condition, which included 8 h of neutral pH and 16 h of pH 5.5. The 48-h biofilms were examined for viable cell counts and lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide production ability. When S. oligofermentans was inoculated first, it clearly inhibited the growth of S. mutans and reduced the biofilm lactic acid production by up to 8-fold through hydrogen peroxide production, independently of sugar supply and pH conditions. When S. mutans was inoculated first, the level of inhibition by S. oligofermentans varied depending on the sugar supply and pH conditions. Thus, the inhibition efficacy of S. oligofermentans against S. mutans in dual-species biofilms is influenced by environmental factors. This study provides practical information on how to maximize the efficacy of S. oligofermentans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Bao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Bao X, de Soet JJ, Tong H, Gao X, He L, van Loveren C, Deng DM. Streptococcus oligofermentans Inhibits Streptococcus mutans in Biofilms at Both Neutral pH and Cariogenic Conditions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130962. [PMID: 26114758 PMCID: PMC4483167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of oral microbiota can be maintained through microbial interactions. Previous studies showed that Streptococcus oligofermentans, a non-mutans streptococci frequently isolated from caries-free subjects, inhibited the cariogenic Streptococcus mutans by the production of hydrogen peroxide (HP). Since pH is a critical factor in caries formation, we aimed to study the influence of pH on the competition between S. oligofermentans and S. mutans in biofilms. To this end, S. mutans and S. oligofermentans were inoculated alone or mixed at 1:1 ratio in buffered biofilm medium in a 96-well active attachment model. The single- and dual-species biofilms were grown under either constantly neutral pH or pH-cycling conditions. The latter includes two cycles of 8 h neutral pH and 16 h pH 5.5, used to mimic cariogenic condition. The 48 h biofilms were analysed for the viable cell counts, lactate and HP production. The last two measurements were carried out after incubating the 48 h biofilms in buffers supplemented with 1% glucose (pH 7.0) for 4 h. The results showed that S. oligofermentans inhibited the growth of S. mutans in dual-species biofilms under both tested pH conditions. The lactic acid production of dual-species biofilms was significantly lower than that of single-species S. mutans biofilms. Moreover, dual-species and single-species S. oligofermentans biofilms grown under pH-cycling conditions (with a 16 h low pH period) produced a significantly higher amount of HP than those grown under constantly neutral pH. In conclusion, S. oligofermentans inhibited S. mutans in biofilms not only under neutral pH, but also under pH-cycling conditions, likely through HP production. S. oligofermentans may be a compelling probiotic candidate against caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Bao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Jacob de Soet
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huichun Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Libang He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cor van Loveren
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dong Mei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Lee CG, Park JK. Comparison of inhibitory activity of bioactive molecules on the dextransucrase from Streptococcus mutans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7495-503. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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