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Winkler A, Adler P, Ludwig J, Hofmann N, Soliman S, Krastl G, Krug R. Endodontic Outcome of Root Canal Treatment Using Different Obturation Techniques: A Clinical Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:200. [PMID: 37623296 PMCID: PMC10453118 DOI: 10.3390/dj11080200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical outcome of root canal treatment by obturation technique, root canal filling quality, and tooth- and patient-related variables. METHODS This clinical study investigated the endodontic outcome of 114 teeth treated between the years 2009 and 2012. Three different obturation methods were used: (1) adhesive obturation using the continuous wave of condensation technique with Resilon® (CWR), (2) matching-taper single-cone technique with gutta-percha and AH Plus® (SCGP), and (3) matching-taper single-cone technique with gutta-percha and GuttaFlow® (SCGF). Pre- and postoperative periapical radiographs were performed to detect the presence of endodontic lesions (PAI classification) and to assess the quality of both the obturation and the restoration. Tooth- and patient-related data were collected. RESULTS The overall endodontic success rate was 75.4% after a mean observation period of 6.3 years. There were no significant correlations between the type or overall quality of obturation and the treatment outcome. Teeth with preoperative lesions had the highest odds ratio (factor of 4.98) for endodontic failure. Tooth- and patient-related variables had no significant effect on endodontic outcome. CONCLUSIONS The preoperative periapical status of teeth requiring endodontic treatment was a substantial prognostic factor for endodontic outcome, whereas the type of obturation material or technique did not affect it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Winkler
- Center of Dental Traumatology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg (UKW), Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.L.); (N.H.); (S.S.); (G.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Philipp Adler
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W 30, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Julia Ludwig
- Center of Dental Traumatology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg (UKW), Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.L.); (N.H.); (S.S.); (G.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Norbert Hofmann
- Center of Dental Traumatology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg (UKW), Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.L.); (N.H.); (S.S.); (G.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Sebastian Soliman
- Center of Dental Traumatology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg (UKW), Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.L.); (N.H.); (S.S.); (G.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Gabriel Krastl
- Center of Dental Traumatology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg (UKW), Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.L.); (N.H.); (S.S.); (G.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Ralf Krug
- Center of Dental Traumatology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg (UKW), Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.L.); (N.H.); (S.S.); (G.K.); (R.K.)
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Yamakami SA, Gallas JA, Petean IBF, Souza-Gabriel AE, Sousa-Neto M, Macedo AP, Palma-Dibb RG. Impact of Endodontic Kinematics on Stress Distribution During Root Canal Treatment: Analysis of Photoelastic Stress. J Endod 2021; 48:255-262. [PMID: 34699903 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Structural defects created by endodontic treatment are the most common cause of major dental failures. This study analyzed levels of stress produced by endodontic instruments during the root canal treatment by photoelastic analysis of stress. METHODS Twenty-four human premolars were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 6) according to instrumentation protocol: ProTaper Next (GPT), One Shape (GOS), Wave One Gold (GWO), and TF Adaptive (GTF). The evaluation of the photoelastic model was performed at 4 dental zones: dental-crown region, cervical third of root, middle third of root, and apical third of root. Silicone molds were prepared (2 × 15 mm), and pinjets were used inside the root canals to fixate teeth. Photoelastic resin (2:1 ratio) was poured into the silicone molds to form photoelastic models. A transmission polariscope was used to analyze the positions of interest and recorded with a digital camera. Tardy's method was used to quantify the fringe order (n) and calculate the maximum stress value (τ) at each selected point. Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance, Tukey test (P < .05), fringe descriptive analysis. RESULTS All groups showed a significant increase in the level of stress created during biomechanical preparation of the root canals. In the quantitative analysis, there was no statistically significant difference among the groups (P > .05). In the qualitative analysis, GPT and GTF instruments achieved greater levels of stresses compared with GWO and GOS instruments. At the beginning of instrumentation, stresses were concentrated at the coronary level and the end of instrumentation at the middle and apical root level. CONCLUSIONS All endodontic systems resulted in accumulation of stress along the dental structure. Stress was found in different concentrations along the tooth and at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelyn Akari Yamakami
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Adornes Gallas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Bassi Ferreira Petean
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Macedo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Toledano-Osorio M, Aguilera FS, Muñoz-Soto E, Osorio E, Toledano M, Escames G, Medina-Castillo AL, Osorio MT, López-López MT, Vallecillo-Rivas M, Osorio R. Melatonin-doped polymeric nanoparticles induce high crystalline apatite formation in root dentin. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1698-1713. [PMID: 34544591 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of novel polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) doped with melatonin (ML) on nano-hardness, crystallinity and ultrastructure of the formed hydroxyapatite after endodontic treatment. METHODS Undoped-NPs and ML-doped NPs (ML-NPs) were tested at radicular dentin, after 24 h and 6 m. A control group without NPs was included. Radicular cervical and apical dentin surfaces were studied by nano-hardness measurements, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Mean and standard deviation were analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). RESULTS Cervical dentin treated with undoped NPs maintained its nano-hardness values after 6 m of storage being [24 h: 0.29 (0.01); 6 m: 0.30 (0.02) GPa], but it decreased at apical dentin [24 h: 0.36 (0.01); 6 m: 0.28 (0.02) GPa]. When ML-NPs were used, nano-hardness was similar over time [24h: 0.31 (0.02); 6 m: 0.28 (0.03) GPa], at apical dentin. Root dentin treated with ML-NPs produced, in general, high crystallinity of new minerals and thicker crystals than those produced in the rest of the groups. After 6 m, crystals became organized in randomly oriented polyhedral, square polygonal block-like apatite or drop-like apatite polycrystalline lattices when ML-NPs were used. Undoped NPs generated poor crystallinity, with preferred orientation of small crystallite and increased microstrain. SIGNIFICANCE New polycrystalline formations encountered in dentin treated with ML-NPs may produce structural dentin stability and high mechanical performance at the root. The decrease of mechanical properties over time in dentin treated without NPs indicates scarce remineralization potential, dentin demineralization and further potential degradation. The amorphous stage may provide high hydroxyapatite solubility and remineralizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano-Osorio
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Fátima S Aguilera
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Esther Muñoz-Soto
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Estrella Osorio
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Manuel Toledano
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Germaine Escames
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, CIBERFES, Ibs. San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio L Medina-Castillo
- University of Granada, NanoMyP, Spin-Off Enterprise, Edificio BIC-Granada, Av. Innovación 1, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Modesto T López-López
- University of Granada, Faculty of Science, Applied Physics Department, Av. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Vallecillo-Rivas
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
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Evaluation of Restorative Techniques for Vertically Fractured Roots. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092099. [PMID: 33919304 PMCID: PMC8122698 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combining specific adhesive materials and various surface treatments on bonding durability and microleakage of vertically fractured roots. Adhesive models were prepared using bovine lower incisors. The experiment included the following five groups: SB-G group (control) (10% citric acid with 3% ferric chloride solution (10-3 solution) + an adhesive resin cement (4-META/MMA-TBB; Super-Bond®)), EC group (self-cure bonding agent (UB) + core composite resin (EC)), EC-G group (10-3 solution + UB + EC), EC-P group (40% phosphate solution + UB + EC), and EC-E group (18% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution + UB + EC). After applying a load of 50,000 cycles, microleakage, microtensile bond strength (μTBS), and failure modes were examined. Microleakage of the EC, EC-G, and EC-E groups was significantly lower than that of the EC-P group. The μTBS of the EC-G group was significantly higher than that of the other groups. All EC groups showed that mixed (cohesive and adhesive) and adhesive failures were the most prevalent types of failure modes. The EC-G group showed the highest bonding durability and the lowest microleakage results, which indicates a possible alternative to current adhesive and tooth surface treatments.
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Melatonin-doped polymeric nanoparticles reinforce and remineralize radicular dentin: Morpho-histological, chemical and biomechanical studies. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1107-1120. [PMID: 33846017 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of novel polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) doped with melatonin (ML) in reducing dentin permeability and facilitating dentin remineralization after endodontic treatment. METHODS The effect of undoped NPs and ML-doped NPs (ML-NPs) was tested in radicular dentin, at 24 h and 6 m. A control group without NPs was included. ML liberation was measured. Radicular dentin was assessed for fluid filtration. Dentin remineralization was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, AFM, Young's modulus (Ei), Nano DMA-tan delta, and Raman analysis. RESULTS ML release ranged from 1.85 mg/mL at 24 h to 0.033 mg/mL at 28 d. Both undoped NPs and ML-NPs treated dentin exhibited the lowest microleakage, but samples treated with ML-NPs exhibited hermetically sealed dentinal tubules and extended mineral deposits onto dentin. ML-NPs promoted higher and durable Ei, and functional remineralization at root dentin, generating differences between the values of tan delta among groups and creating zones of stress concentration. Undoped-NPs produced closure of some tubules and porosities at the expense of a relative mineral amorphization. Chemical remineralization based on mineral and organic assessments was higher in samples treated with ML-NPs. When using undoped NPs, precipitation of minerals occurred; however, radicular dentin was not mechanically reinforced but weakened over time. SIGNIFICANCE Application of ML-NPs in endodontically treated teeth, previous to the canal filling step, is encouraged due to occlusion of dentinal tubules and the reinforcement of the radicular dentin structure.
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Zn-doping of silicate and hydroxyapatite-based cements: Dentin mechanobiology and bioactivity. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 114:104232. [PMID: 33290910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to state zinc contribution in the effectiveness of novel zinc-doped dentin cements to achieve dentin remineralization, throughout a literature or narrative exploratory review. Literature search was conducted using electronic databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, DIMDI, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. Both zinc-doping silicate and hydroxyapatite-based cements provoked an increase of both bioactivity and intrafibrillar mineralization of dentin. Zinc-doped hydroxyapatite-based cements (oxipatite) also induced an increase in values of dentin nano-hardness, Young's modulus and dentin resistance to deformation. From Raman analyses, it was stated higher intensity of phosphate peaks and crystallinity as markers of dentin calcification, in the presence of zinc. Zinc-based salt formations produced low microleakage and permeability values with hermetically sealed tubules at radicular dentin. Dentin treated with oxipatite attained preferred crystal grain orientation with polycrystalline lattices. Thereby, oxipatite mechanically reinforced dentin structure, by remineralization. Dentin treated with oxipatite produced immature crystallites formations, accounting for high hydroxyapatite solubility, instability and enhanced remineralizing activity.
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Almohaimede A, Almanie D, Alaathy S, Almadi E. Fracture Resistance of Roots Filled With Bio-Ceramic and Epoxy Resin-Based Sealers: In Vitro Study. Eur Endod J 2020; 5:134-137. [PMID: 32766524 PMCID: PMC7398996 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2019.33042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the resistance of roots to fracture after being root canal filled with two types of endodontic sealers; bio-ceramic based sealer (TotalFill) and epoxy-resin based sealer (AH Plus). Methods Fifty-nine single canal mandibular premolars were instrumented. Group I (n=14, negative control): root canals were left without instrumentation and unfilled, group II (n=15, positive control): root canals were instrumented only and left unfilled, group III and IV (n=15 each): root canals were instrumented and filled with either gutta-percha/TotalFill or gutta-percha/AH Plus, respectively. The resistance of the roots to fracture was measured with a universal testing machine "Instron Corp" through recording the maximum force in Newton (N) needed to fracture each root. To analyze the data Kruskal-Wallis test was utilized, followed by Dunn's Bonferroni post hoc test for multiple comparisons. The level of significance was set at 0.05 (P≤0.05). Results TotalFill group showed slightly better fracture resistance (734.62 N) than AH Plus group (728.29 N). However, no statistical significant difference was found between the two groups (P>0.05). The greatest mean fracture force was shown in the negative control group (913.915 N) with statistical significant difference between the other three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Gutta-percha/TotalFill and gutta-percha/AH Plus did not reinforce the root canal treated teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Almohaimede
- From the Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontic Division, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniah Almanie
- From the Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontic Division, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alaathy
- From the Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontic Division, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtissam Almadi
- From the Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontic Division, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Hydroxyapatite-based cements induce different apatite formation in radicular dentin. Dent Mater 2020; 36:167-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Toledano M, Osorio E, Aguilera FS, Muñoz-Soto E, Toledano-Osorio M, López-López MT, Medina-Castillo AL, Carrasco-Carmona Á, Osorio R. Polymeric nanoparticles for endodontic therapy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 103:103606. [PMID: 32090933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of novel polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) application in reducing dentin permeability and facilitating dentin remineralization after endodontic treatment was evaluated. The effect of undoped NPs, zinc, calcium and doxycycline-doped NPs (Zn-NPs, Ca-NPs and D-NPs, respectively) was tested in radicular dentin. A control group without NPs was included. Radicular dentin was assessed for fluid filtration. Dentin remineralization was analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive analysis, AFM, Young's modulus (Ei), Nano DMA, Raman, and X-Ray Diffraction analysis. Ca-NPs and Zn-NPs treated dentin exhibited the lowest microleakage with hermetically sealed dentinal tubules and a zinc-based salt generation onto dentin. Zn-NPs favored crystallinity and promoted the highest Ei and functional remineralization at the apical dentin, generating differences between the values of complex modulus among groups. Ca-NPs produced closure of tubules and porosities at the expense of a relative mineral amorphization, without creating zones of stress concentration. The highest sealing efficacy was obtained in Zn-NPs-treated samples, along with the highest values of Young's modulus and dentin mineralization. These high values of Ei were obtained by closing voids, cracks, pores and tubules, and by strengthening the root dentin. When using undoped NPs or Ca-NPs, deposition of minerals occurred, but radicular dentin was not mechanically reinforced. Therefore, application of Zn-NPs in endodontically treated teeth previous to the canal filling is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Estrella Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Fátima S Aguilera
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Esther Muñoz-Soto
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Manuel Toledano-Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain.
| | - Modesto T López-López
- University of Granada, Faculty of Science, Applied Physics Department, Fuente Nueva S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Antonio L Medina-Castillo
- NanoMyP, Spin-Off Enterprise from University of Granada, Edificio BIC-Granada, Avda. Innovación 1, Armilla, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Álvaro Carrasco-Carmona
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
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Toledano M, Muñoz-Soto E, Aguilera FS, Osorio E, González-Rodríguez MP, Pérez-Álvarez MC, Toledano-Osorio M, Osorio R. A zinc oxide-modified hydroxyapatite-based cement favored sealing ability in endodontically treated teeth. J Dent 2019; 88:103162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Toledano M, Muñoz-Soto E, Aguilera FS, Osorio E, Pérez-Álvarez MC, García-Menocal JAD, Toledano-Osorio M, Osorio R. The mineralizing effect of zinc oxide-modified hydroxyapatite-based sealer on radicular dentin. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:285-299. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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