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Hardan L, Bourgi R, Hernández-Escamilla T, Piva E, Devoto W, Lukomska-Szymanska M, Cuevas-Suárez CE. Color stability of dual-cured and light-cured resin cements: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:212-220. [PMID: 37653684 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the difference in the color stability of light-cured and dual-cured resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two separate reviewers used the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Scielo databases to execute the systematic review. For the analysis, studies that evaluated the color stability of dual-cured and light-cured resin cements over time were used. The random effects model was used in the meta-analysis. Analyses of subgroups were carried out based on the aging technique. The methodological quality of each in vitro study was evaluated in accordance with the parameters of a prior systematic review. RESULTS From all databases, a total of 2223 articles were retrieved. Following the screening of titles and abstracts, 44 studies were selected for full text review, and a total of 27 articles were used for the qualitative analysis. Finally, 23 articles remained for the qualitative analysis. The majority of studies were labeled as having a medium risk of bias. The global analysis showed that the dual-cure resin cements had considerably greater differences in the color change (p = 0.006). A high heterogeneity index (86%) was found in the analysis. CONCLUSIONS The best available in vitro evidence suggests that dual-polymerizing cement has higher color variation than light-polymerized materials. To reduce the likelihood of color change after the luting of thin ceramic restorations, clinicians should employ light-polymerizable resin cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Triana Hernández-Escamilla
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Evandro Piva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Fidalgo-Pereira R, Catarino SO, Carvalho Ó, Veiga N, Torres O, Braem A, Souza JCM. Light transmittance through resin-matrix composite onlays adhered to resin-matrix cements or flowable composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 151:106353. [PMID: 38194785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the thickness of resin-matrix composite blocks manufactured by CAD-CAM on the light transmittance towards different resin-matrix cements or flowable composites. METHODS Sixty specimens of resin-matrix composite CAD-CAM blocks reinforced with 89 wt% inorganic fillers were cross-sectioned with 2 or 3 mm thicknesses. The specimens were conditioned with adhesive system and divided in groups according to the luting material, namely: two dual-cured resin-matrix cements, two traditional flowable resin-matrix composites, and one thermal-induced flowable resin-matrix composite. Specimens were light-cured at 900 mW/cm2 for 40s. Light transmittance assays were preformed using a spectrophotometer with an integrated monochromator before and after light-curing. Microstructural analysis was performed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nanoindentation tests were performed to evaluate mechanical properties for indirect evaluation of degree of monomers conversion. RESULTS Optical and SEM images revealed low thickness values for the cementation interfaces for the traditional flowable resin-matrix composite. The cement thickness increased with the size and content of inorganic fillers. The highest light transmittance was recorded for the onlay blocks cemented with the traditional flowable resin-matrix composites while a group cemented with the dual-cured resin-matrix cement revealed the lowest light transmittance. The elastic modulus and hardness increased for specimens with high content of inorganic fillers as well as it increased in function of the light transmittance. CONCLUSIONS The light transmittance of flowable resin-matrix composites was higher than that for resin-matrix cement after cementation to resin-matrix composites blocks. The type, size, and content of inorganic fillers of the luting material affected the thickness of the cement layer and light transmittance through the materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE On chair-side light curing, the transmission of visible light can be interfered by the chemical composition and viscosity of the luting materials. The increase in size and content of inorganic fillers of resin-matrix composites and luting materials can decrease the light transmittance leading to inefficient polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Susana O Catarino
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nélio Veiga
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Orlanda Torres
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Annabel Braem
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal; Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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de Castro EF, Fronza BM, Soto-Montero J, Giannini M, Dos-Santos-Dias CT, Price RB. Effect of thickness of CAD/CAM materials on light transmission and resin cement polymerization using a blue light-emitting diode light-curing unit. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:368-380. [PMID: 35894446 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effect of thickness of high-translucency (HT) CAD/CAM materials on irradiance and beam profile from a blue light-emitting diode light-curing unit (LCU) and on the degree of conversion (DC) and maximum polymerization rate (Rpmax ) of a light-cured resin cement (LCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS The direct output from the LCU, the light transmission and irradiance ratio (IR) through one conventional composite and nine HT CAD/CAM materials (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0-mm thick; n = 5) were measured with a integrating sphere coupled to a spectrometer. The light beam was assessed with a beam profiler camera. The DC at 600 s and the Rpmax of one LCC was determined using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (n = 5). Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's tests, and Dunnett's test was also used for irradiance data (α = 0.05). RESULTS A significant decrease in irradiance through all materials occurred as thickness increased. Thin CAD/CAM materials improved light homogeneity, which decreased with the increase in thickness. The DC of the LCC directly exposed to light was the same as when exposed to 45%, 25%, 15%, or 5% IRs. Rpmax decreased with the decrease in IR. CONCLUSIONS Although the HT CAD/CAM materials reduced the irradiance from the LCU, minor effects were observed in the LCC's DC. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Despite the light attenuation of blue light through different CAD/CAM materials that were up to 2-mm thick, the degree of conversion of one brand of light-cured resin cement was clinically acceptable when the LCU was used for 30 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fernandes de Castro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Marin Fronza
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Soto-Montero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tadeu Dos-Santos-Dias
- Department of Exact Sciences, College of Agriculture, "Luiz de Queiroz"/University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Richard Bengt Price
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Fidalgo-Pereira R, Torres O, Carvalho Ó, Silva FS, Catarino SO, Özcan M, Souza JCM. A Scoping Review on the Polymerization of Resin-Matrix Cements Used in Restorative Dentistry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1560. [PMID: 36837188 PMCID: PMC9961405 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In dentistry, clinicians mainly use dual-cured or light-cured resin-matrix cements to achieve a proper polymerization of the organic matrix leading to enhanced physical properties of the cement. However, several parameters can affect the polymerization of resin-matrix cements. The main aim of the present study was to perform a scoping review on the degree of conversion (DC) of the organic matrix, the polymerization, and the light transmittance of different resin-matrix cements used in dentistry. A search was performed on PubMed using a combination of the following key terms: degree of conversion, resin cements, light transmittance, polymerization, light curing, and thickness. Articles in the English language published up to November 2022 were selected. The selected studies' results demonstrated that restorative structures with a thickness higher than 1.5 mm decrease the light irradiance towards the resin-matrix cement. A decrease in light transmission provides a low energy absorption through the resin cement leading to a low DC percentage. On the other hand, the highest DC percentages, ranging between 55 and 75%, have been reported for dual-cured resin-matrix cements, although the polymerization mode and exposure time also influence the DC of monomers. Thus, the polymerization of resin-matrix cements can be optimized taking into account different parameters of light-curing, such as adequate light distance, irradiance, exposure time, equipment, and wavelength. Then, optimum physical properties are achieved that provide a long-term clinical performance of the cemented restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Orlanda Torres
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipe S. Silva
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana O. Catarino
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Júlio C. M. Souza
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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Color Assessment of Feldspathic Ceramic with Two Different Thicknesses, Using Multiple Polymeric Cements. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020397. [PMID: 36679277 PMCID: PMC9864571 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color changes of feldspathic ceramics CEREC Blocs (Dentsply Sirona, Milford, DE, USA) when cemented with different luting agents, while varying the ceramic thickness. Seventy ceramic discs of feldspathic ceramic (A2 shade) were obtained with 0.5 and 0.8 mm thicknesses. Seventy composite discs (A3 shade) 1 mm in thickness were used as substrates. After being polished and conditioned, the ceramic and composite discs were cemented with different resin cements and a flowable composite: Variolink® Esthetic Light, Neutral and Warm (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); RelyXTM Veneer B0.5, Translucent and A3 Opaque/yellow shades (3M Oral Care, St. Paul, MN, USA); G-aenial® Universal Flow A2 (GC Europe, Leuven, Belgium). Color difference (ΔE) was determined using a spectrophotometer. A two-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons were performed using the Bonferroni method with a 95% confidence interval. Variolink® Neutral showed the highest ΔE (15.12 ± 0.71) and RelyXTM Veneer A3 the lowest value (1.59 ± 0.33). There are no statistically significant differences between the two ceramic thicknesses for Variolink® Light (p = 0.230) and RelyXTM Veneer B0.5 (p = 0.318) cements. The feldspathic ceramic final color is influenced by the cement used and the ceramic thickness. The use of different cements in a thin ceramic has a clinically significant impact on the final esthetic result.
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Influence of ceramic veneer on the transdentinal cytotoxicity, degree of conversion and bond strength of light-cured resin cements to dentin. Dent Mater 2022; 38:e160-e173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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