1
|
Bourdillon P, Ren L, Halgren M, Paulk AC, Salami P, Ulbert I, Fabó D, King JR, Sjoberg KM, Eskandar EN, Madsen JR, Halgren E, Cash SS. Differential cortical layer engagement during seizure initiation and spread in humans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5153. [PMID: 38886376 PMCID: PMC11183216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, we still do not understand how spontaneous human seizures start and spread - especially at the level of neuronal microcircuits. In this study, we used laminar arrays of micro-electrodes to simultaneously record the local field potentials and multi-unit neural activities across the six layers of the neocortex during focal seizures in humans. We found that, within the ictal onset zone, the discharges generated during a seizure consisted of current sinks and sources only within the infra-granular and granular layers. Outside of the seizure onset zone, ictal discharges reflected current flow in the supra-granular layers. Interestingly, these patterns of current flow evolved during the course of the seizure - especially outside the seizure onset zone where superficial sinks and sources extended into the deeper layers. Based on these observations, a framework describing cortical-cortical dynamics of seizures is proposed with implications for seizure localization, surgical targeting, and neuromodulation techniques to block the generation and propagation of seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bourdillon
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Foundation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France.
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Paris Cité University, Paris, France.
| | - Liankun Ren
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Clinical Center for Epilepsy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Mila Halgren
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences Department and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Angelique C Paulk
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pariya Salami
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - István Ulbert
- HUN-REN, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Péter Pázmány Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurointervention, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Fabó
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurointervention, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jean-Rémi King
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, Département d'études cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Kane M Sjoberg
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Emad N Eskandar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joseph R Madsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Halgren
- Departments of Radiology and, Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gong L, Huang X, Hu Z, Chen C, Zhang Z, Liao H, Xiao Y, Fan J, Zeng L, Chen S, Xie Y. Altered functional connectivity after pilocarpine-induced seizures revealed by intrinsic optical signals imaging in awake mice. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:015001. [PMID: 38125610 PMCID: PMC10729166 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.1.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Significance Comorbidities such as mood and cognitive disorders are often found in individuals with epilepsy after seizures. Cortex processes sensory, motor, and cognitive information. Brain circuit changes can be studied by observing functional network changes in epileptic mice's cortex. Aim The cortex is easily accessible for non-invasive brain imaging and electroencephalogram recording (EEG). However, the impact of seizures on cortical activity and functional connectivity has been rarely studied in vivo. Approach Intrinsic optical signal and EEG were used to monitor cortical activity in awake mice within 4 h after pilocarpine induction. It was divided into three periods according to the behavior and EEG of the mice: baseline, onset of seizures (onset, including seizures and resting in between seizure events), and after seizures (post, without seizures). Changes in cortical activity were compared between the baseline and after seizures. Results Hemoglobin levels increased significantly, particularly in the parietal association cortex (PT), retrosplenial cortex (RS), primary visual cortex (V1), and secondary visual cortex (V2). The network-wide functional connectivity changed post seizures, e.g., hypoconnectivity between PT and visual-associated cortex (e.g., V1 and V2). In contrast, connectivity between the motor-associated cortex and most other regions increased. In addition, the default mode network (DMN) also changed after seizures, with decreased connectivity between primary somatosensory region (SSp) and visual region (VIS), but increased connectivity involving anterior cingulate cortex (AC) and RS. Conclusions Our results provide references for understanding the mechanisms behind changes in brain circuits, which may explain the profound effects of seizures on comorbid health conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Gong
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Department of Neonatal Surgery, Hangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Department of Neonatal Surgery, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Department of Neonatal Surgery, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxuan Liao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinglin Xiao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianchen Fan
- Hangzhou City University, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- Hangzhou City University, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangbin Chen
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Yicheng Xie
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Department of Neonatal Surgery, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nasretdinov A, Vinokurova D, Lemale CL, Burkhanova-Zakirova G, Chernova K, Makarova J, Herreras O, Dreier JP, Khazipov R. Diversity of cortical activity changes beyond depression during Spreading Depolarizations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7729. [PMID: 38007508 PMCID: PMC10676372 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are classically thought to be associated with spreading depression of cortical activity. Here, we found that SDs in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage produce variable, ranging from depression to booming, changes in electrocorticographic activity, especially in the delta frequency band. In rats, depression of activity was characteristic of high-potassium-induced full SDs, whereas partial superficial SDs caused either little change or a boom of activity at the cortical vertex, supported by volume conduction of signals from spared delta generators in the deep cortical layers. Partial SDs also caused moderate neuronal depolarization and sustained excitation, organized in gamma oscillations in a narrow sub-SD zone. Thus, our study challenges the concept of homology between spreading depolarization and spreading depression by showing that SDs produce variable, from depression to booming, changes in activity at the cortical surface and in different cortical layers depending on the depth of SD penetration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azat Nasretdinov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Daria Vinokurova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
- INMED-INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, 13273, France
| | - Coline L Lemale
- Centre for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology and Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ksenia Chernova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Julia Makarova
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Herreras
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jens P Dreier
- Centre for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology and Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Centre for Neurosciences Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roustem Khazipov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
- INMED-INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, 13273, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mingazov B, Vinokurova D, Zakharov A, Khazipov R. Comparative Study of Terminal Cortical Potentials Using Iridium and Ag/AgCl Electrodes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10769. [PMID: 37445945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia induces slow voltage shifts in the cerebral cortex, including waves of spreading depolarization (SD) and negative ultraslow potentials (NUPs), which are considered as brain injury markers. However, different electrode materials and locations yield variable SD and NUP features. Here, we compared terminal cortical events during isoflurane or sevoflurane euthanasia using intracortical linear iridium electrode arrays and Ag/AgCl-based electrodes in the rat somatosensory cortex. Inhalation of anesthetics caused respiratory arrest, associated with hyperpolarization and followed by SD and NUP on both Ir and Ag electrodes. Ag-NUPs were bell shaped and waned within half an hour after death. Ir-NUPs were biphasic, with the early fast phase corresponding to Ag-NUP, and the late absent on Ag electrodes, phase of a progressive depolarizing voltage shift reaching -100 mV by two hours after death. In addition, late Ir-NUPs were more ample in the deep layers than at the cortical surface. Thus, intracortical Ag and Ir electrodes reliably assess early manifestations of terminal brain injury including hyperpolarization, SD and the early phase of NUP, while the late, giant amplitude phase of NUP, which is present only on Ir electrodes, is probably related to the sensitivity of Ir electrodes to a yet unidentified factor related to brain death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bulat Mingazov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Daria Vinokurova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Andrei Zakharov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
- Department of Physiology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Roustem Khazipov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (Inserm U1249), Aix-Marseille Université, 13273 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Busl KM, Fong MWK, Newcomer Z, Patel M, Cohen SA, Jadav R, Smith CN, Mitropanopoulos S, Bruzzone M, Hella M, Eisenschenk S, Robinson CP, Roth WH, Ameli PA, Babi MA, Pizzi MA, Gilmore EJ, Hirsch LJ, Maciel CB. Pregabalin for Recurrent Seizures in Critical Illness: A Promising Adjunctive Therapy, Especially for cyclic Seizures. Neurocrit Care 2022; 37:140-148. [PMID: 35217998 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-022-01459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregabalin (PGB) is an effective adjunctive treatment for focal epilepsy and acts by binding to the alpha2-delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels to reduce excitatory neurotransmitter release. Limited data exist on its use in the neurocritical care setting, including cyclic seizures-a pattern of recurrent seizures occurring at nearly regular intervals. Although the mechanism underpinning cyclic seizures remains elusive, spreading excitation linked to spreading depolarizations may play a role in seizure recurrence and periodicity. PGB has been shown to increase spreading depolarization threshold; hence, we hypothesized that the magnitude of antiseizure effect from PGB is more pronounced in patients with cyclic versus noncyclic seizures in a critically ill cohort with recurrent seizures. METHODS We conducted a retrospective case series of adults admitted to two academic neurointensive care units between January 2017 and March 2019 who received PGB for treatment of seizures. Data collected included demographics, etiology of brain injury, antiseizure medications, and outcome. Continuous electroencephalogram recordings 48 hours before and after PGB administration were reviewed by electroencephalographers blinded to the administration of antiseizure medications to obtain granular data on electrographic seizure burden. Cyclic seizures were determined quantitatively (i.e., < 50% variation of interseizure intervals for at least 50% of consecutive seizures). Coprimary outcomes were decrease in hourly seizure burden in minutes and decrease in seizure frequency in the 48 hours after PGB initiation. We used nonparametric tests for comparison of seizure frequency and burden and segmented linear regression to assess PGB effect. RESULTS We included 16 patients; the median age was 69 years, 11 (68.7%) were women, three (18.8%) had undergone a neurosurgical procedure, and five (31%) had underlying epilepsy. All seizures had focal onset; ten patients (62.5%) had cyclic seizures. The median hourly seizure burden over the 48 hours prior to PGB initiation was 1.87 min/hour (interquartile range 1.49-8.53), and the median seizure frequency was 1.96 seizures/hour (interquartile range 1.06-3.41). In the 48 hours following PGB (median daily dose 300 mg, range 75-300 mg), the median number of seizures per hour was reduced by 0.80 seizures/hour (95% confidence interval 0.19-1.40), whereas the median hourly seizure burden decreased by 1.71 min/hour (95% confidence interval 0.38-3.04). When we compared patients with cyclic versus noncyclic seizures, there was a relative decrease in hourly seizure frequency (- 86.7% versus - 2%, p = 0.04) and hourly seizure burden (- 89% versus - 7.8%, p = 0.03) at 48 hours. CONCLUSIONS PGB was associated with a relative reduction in seizure burden in neurocritically ill patients with recurrent seizures, especially those with cyclic seizures, and may be considered in the therapeutic arsenal for refractory seizures. Whether this effect is mediated via modulation of spreading depolarization requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M Busl
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael W K Fong
- Westmead Comprehensive Epilepsy Unit, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Mitesh Patel
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Scott A Cohen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rakesh Jadav
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christine N Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Maria Bruzzone
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Stephan Eisenschenk
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher P Robinson
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - William H Roth
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pouya Alexander Ameli
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marc-Alain Babi
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael A Pizzi
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily J Gilmore
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lawrence J Hirsch
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carolina B Maciel
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 81432, USA. .,Neurocritical Care, McKnight Brain Institute, 1149 Newell Drive, L3-100, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bonaccini Calia A, Masvidal-Codina E, Smith TM, Schäfer N, Rathore D, Rodríguez-Lucas E, Illa X, De la Cruz JM, Del Corro E, Prats-Alfonso E, Viana D, Bousquet J, Hébert C, Martínez-Aguilar J, Sperling JR, Drummond M, Halder A, Dodd A, Barr K, Savage S, Fornell J, Sort J, Guger C, Villa R, Kostarelos K, Wykes RC, Guimerà-Brunet A, Garrido JA. Full-bandwidth electrophysiology of seizures and epileptiform activity enabled by flexible graphene microtransistor depth neural probes. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:301-309. [PMID: 34937934 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mapping the entire frequency bandwidth of brain electrophysiological signals is of paramount importance for understanding physiological and pathological states. The ability to record simultaneously DC-shifts, infraslow oscillations (<0.1 Hz), typical local field potentials (0.1-80 Hz) and higher frequencies (80-600 Hz) using the same recording site would particularly benefit preclinical epilepsy research and could provide clinical biomarkers for improved seizure onset zone delineation. However, commonly used metal microelectrode technology suffers from instabilities that hamper the high fidelity of DC-coupled recordings, which are needed to access signals of very low frequency. In this study we used flexible graphene depth neural probes (gDNPs), consisting of a linear array of graphene microtransistors, to concurrently record DC-shifts and high-frequency neuronal activity in awake rodents. We show here that gDNPs can reliably record and map with high spatial resolution seizures, pre-ictal DC-shifts and seizure-associated spreading depolarizations together with higher frequencies through the cortical laminae to the hippocampus in a mouse model of chemically induced seizures. Moreover, we demonstrate the functionality of chronically implanted devices over 10 weeks by recording with high fidelity spontaneous spike-wave discharges and associated infraslow oscillations in a rat model of absence epilepsy. Altogether, our work highlights the suitability of this technology for in vivo electrophysiology research, and in particular epilepsy research, by allowing stable and chronic DC-coupled recordings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonaccini Calia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eduard Masvidal-Codina
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Trevor M Smith
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan Schäfer
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Daman Rathore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elisa Rodríguez-Lucas
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavi Illa
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M De la Cruz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elena Del Corro
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elisabet Prats-Alfonso
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Damià Viana
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jessica Bousquet
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Clement Hébert
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Aguilar
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin R Sperling
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Matthew Drummond
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Arnab Halder
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Abbie Dodd
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Katharine Barr
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sinead Savage
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jordina Fornell
- Departament de Fisica, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sort
- Departament de Fisica, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph Guger
- g.tec medical engineering, Guger Technologies, Schiedlberg, Austria
| | - Rosa Villa
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rob C Wykes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Anton Guimerà-Brunet
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose A Garrido
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bauer PR, Tolner EA, Keezer MR, Ferrari MD, Sander JW. Headache in people with epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:529-544. [PMID: 34312533 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological estimates indicate that individuals with epilepsy are more likely to experience headaches, including migraine, than individuals without epilepsy. Headaches can be temporally unrelated to seizures, or can occur before, during or after an episode; seizures and migraine attacks are mostly not temporally linked. The pathophysiological links between headaches (including migraine) and epilepsy are complex and have not yet been fully elucidated. Correct diagnoses and appropriate treatment of headaches in individuals with epilepsy is essential, as headaches can contribute substantially to disease burden. Here, we review the insights that have been made into the associations between headache and epilepsy over the past 5 years, including information on the pathophysiological mechanisms and genetic variants that link the two disorders. We also discuss the current best practice for the management of headaches co-occurring with epilepsy and highlight future challenges for this area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prisca R Bauer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Else A Tolner
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark R Keezer
- Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Michel D Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Josemir W Sander
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands.,NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Full-Band EEG Recordings Using Hybrid AC/DC-Divider Filters. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0246-21.2021. [PMID: 34380654 PMCID: PMC8387152 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0246-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Full-band DC recordings enable recording of slow electrical brain signals that are severely compromised during conventional AC recordings. However, full-band DC recordings may be limited by the amplifier's dynamic input range and the loss of small amplitude high-frequency signals. Recently, Neuralynx has proposed full-band recordings with inverse filtering for signal reconstruction based on hybrid AC/DC-divider RRC filters that enable only partial suppression of DC signals. However, the quality of signal reconstruction for biological signals has not yet been assessed. Here, we propose a novel digital inverse filter based on a mathematical model describing RRC filter properties, which provides high computational accuracy and versatility. Second, we propose procedures for the evaluation of the inverse filter coefficients, adapted for each recording channel to minimize the error caused by the deviation of the real values of the RRC filter elements from their nominal values. We demonstrate that this approach enables near 99% reconstruction quality of high-potassium-induced cortical spreading depolarizations (SDs), endothelin-induced ischemic negative ultraslow potentials (NUPs), and whole-cell recordings of membrane potential using RRC filters. The quality of the reconstruction was significantly higher than with the existing inverse filtering procedures. Thus, RRC filters with inverse filtering are optimal for full-band EEG recordings in various applications.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tamim I, Chung DY, de Morais AL, Loonen ICM, Qin T, Misra A, Schlunk F, Endres M, Schiff SJ, Ayata C. Spreading depression as an innate antiseizure mechanism. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2206. [PMID: 33850125 PMCID: PMC8044138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spreading depression (SD) is an intense and prolonged depolarization in the central nervous systems from insect to man. It is implicated in neurological disorders such as migraine and brain injury. Here, using an in vivo mouse model of focal neocortical seizures, we show that SD may be a fundamental defense against seizures. Seizures induced by topical 4-aminopyridine, penicillin or bicuculline, or systemic kainic acid, culminated in SDs at a variable rate. Greater seizure power and area of recruitment predicted SD. Once triggered, SD immediately suppressed the seizure. Optogenetic or KCl-induced SDs had similar antiseizure effect sustained for more than 30 min. Conversely, pharmacologically inhibiting SD occurrence during a focal seizure facilitated seizure generalization. Altogether, our data indicate that seizures trigger SD, which then terminates the seizure and prevents its generalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isra Tamim
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie und Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - David Y Chung
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreia Lopes de Morais
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inge C M Loonen
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao Qin
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amrit Misra
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frieder Schlunk
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie und Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie und Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Steven J Schiff
- Center for Neural Engineering, Departments of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stafstrom CE. Stopped At the Border: Cortical Spreading Depolarization Blocks Seizure Propagation. Epilepsy Curr 2020; 20:171-172. [PMID: 32550840 PMCID: PMC7281895 DOI: 10.1177/1535759720916448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Segregation of Seizures and Spreading Depolarization Across Cortical
Layers Zakharov A, Chernova K, Burkhanova G, Holmes GL, Khazipov R.
Epilepsia. 2019;60(12):2386-2397. doi:10.1111/epi.16390. Objective: Cortical spreading depolarization (SD) and seizures are often co-occurring
electrophysiological phenomena. However, the cross-layer dynamics of SD during
seizures and the effect of SD on epileptic activity across cortical layers remain
largely unknown. Methods: We explored the spatial–temporal dynamics of SD and epileptic activity across
layers of the rat barrel cortex using direct current silicone probe recordings
during flurothyl-induced seizures. Results: Spreading depolarization occurred in half of the flurothyl-evoked seizures.
Spreading depolarization always started from the superficial layers and spread
downward either through all cortical layers or stopping at the L4/L5 border. In
cases without SD, seizures were characterized by synchronized population firing
across all cortical layers throughout the entire seizure. However, when SD occurred,
epileptic activity was transiently silenced in layers involved with SD but persisted
in deeper layers. During partial SD, epileptiform activity persisted in deep layers
throughout the entire seizure, with positive signals at the cortical surface
reflecting passive sources of population spikes generated in deeper cortical layers.
During full SD, the initial phase of SD propagation through the superficial layers
was similar to partial SD, with suppression of activity at the superficial layers
and segregation of seizures to deep layers. Further propagation of SD to deep layers
resulted in a wave of transient suppression of epileptic activity through the entire
cortical column. Thus, vertical propagation of SD through the cortical column
creates dynamic network states during which epileptiform activity is restricted to
layers without SD. Significance: Our results point to the importance of vertical SD spread in the SD-related
depression of epileptiform activity across cortical layers.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rienecker KDA, Poston RG, Saha RN. Merits and Limitations of Studying Neuronal Depolarization-Dependent Processes Using Elevated External Potassium. ASN Neuro 2020; 12:1759091420974807. [PMID: 33256465 PMCID: PMC7711227 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420974807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated extracellular potassium chloride is widely used to achieve membrane depolarization of cultured neurons. This technique has illuminated mechanisms of calcium influx through L-type voltage sensitive calcium channels, activity-regulated signaling, downstream transcriptional events, and many other intracellular responses to depolarization. However, there is enormous variability in these treatments, including durations from seconds to days and concentrations from 3mM to 150 mM KCl. Differential effects of these variable protocols on neuronal activity and transcriptional programs are underexplored. Furthermore, potassium chloride treatments in vitro are criticized for being poor representatives of in vivo phenomena and are questioned for their effects on cell viability. In this review, we discuss the intracellular consequences of elevated extracellular potassium chloride treatment in vitro, the variability of such treatments in the literature, the strengths and limitations of this tool, and relevance of these studies to brain functions and dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira D. A. Rienecker
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology,
School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United
States
| | - Robert G. Poston
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology,
School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United
States
| | - Ramendra N. Saha
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology,
School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United
States
| |
Collapse
|