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Guarnieri L, Amodio N, Bosco F, Carpi S, Tallarico M, Gallelli L, Rania V, Citraro R, Leo A, De Sarro G. Circulating miRNAs as Novel Clinical Biomarkers in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:18. [PMID: 38525737 PMCID: PMC10961783 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) represents the most common form of refractory focal epilepsy. The identification of innovative clinical biomarkers capable of categorizing patients with TLE, allowing for improved treatment and outcomes, still represents an unmet need. Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs detectable in body fluids, which play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression. Their characteristics, including extracellular stability, detectability through non-invasive methods, and responsiveness to pathological changes and/or therapeutic interventions, make them promising candidate biomarkers in various disease settings. Recent research has investigated c-miRNAs in various bodily fluids, including serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid, of TLE patients. Despite some discrepancies in methodologies, cohort composition, and normalization strategies, a common dysregulated signature of c-miRNAs has emerged across different studies, providing the basis for using c-miRNAs as novel biomarkers for TLE patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Guarnieri
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Sara Carpi
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Martina Tallarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rania
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Rita Citraro
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Nitheesha V, Rao JSM, Reddy M, Nagarajan K, Narayan SK, Kandasamy P, Chandrasekharan V. Clinicoradiological Profile of Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion Diagnosed on MR Neuroimaging. Neurol India 2023; 71:1211-1216. [PMID: 38174460 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.391380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background and Purpose Incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) is a developmental failure of normal hippocampal inversion. Previous studies have described IHI in epilepsy and non-epilepsy subjects. IHI has also been reported with malformations of cortical development (MCDs) and corpus callosal agenesis that have association with neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to describe the clinical profile of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-diagnosed IHI. Materials and Methods We studied patients with IHI who were identified after a retrospective review of the MRI archives of the past 3 years. The MRI findings of partial and total IHI were included. The clinical profiles associated with IHI were classified into epilepsy and non-epilepsy categories. Results A retrospective review of MRI done over 3 years revealed 54 cases of IHI (32 left-sided, 20 bilateral, and 2 isolated right-sided), and out of 74 IHI, 59 were of total type and 15 partial. Thirty-six subjects (61.1%) had epilepsy (9 with neurodevelopmental problems), 17 subjects (31.5%) had ASD, and 4 subjects (7.4%) had only neurodevelopmental disorders. MCDs were seen in 7 (12.9%): polymicrogyria (4), periventricular heterotopia (2), and pachygyria (1). Hippocampal volume loss was seen in 10, and contralateral mesial temporal sclerosis was seen in 2 patients. Conclusion Hippocampal inversion has been reported in MRI scans of patients with epilepsy, ASD, MCDs, and many other related disorders. Further studies are required to know its occurrence among patients who get MRI scans due to many other disorders such as headaches, psychiatric disorders, minor hear trauma, and perinatal insults. If possible, studies among normal populations also need to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendoti Nitheesha
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - Jamine S Mohan Rao
- Department of Neurology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - Midhusha Reddy
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - Krishnan Nagarajan
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - Sunil K Narayan
- Department of Neurology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - Preeti Kandasamy
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - Venkatesh Chandrasekharan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
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Jiang YP, Jin Y, Bao J, Wang S, Lai WD, Wen CP, Xu ZH, Yu J. Inconsistent Time-Dependent Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine on Primary Neurological Disorders and Psychiatric Comorbidities. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:708517. [PMID: 34489702 PMCID: PMC8417558 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.708517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the time dependent effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP, main activity compound of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort) on two neurological disorders and their neuropsychiatric comorbidities. 6 Hz corneal rapid kindling was used to induce epileptogenesis and the inflammatory pain was induced by intra-articular Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection. The mechanical pain thresholds were measured using von Frey hair (D4, D11, D18, D25 after CFA first injection), and the vertical rearings of the mice was observed. To test the neuropsychiatric comorbidities, anxiety-like behaviors of mice were examined by open field and elevated plus maze tests. Two behavioral despair models, tail suspension test and forced swimming test were also used to evaluate the depressive like behaviors. The results showed that TMP administered from the initial day (D1-D35 in kindling model, D0-D14 and D0-D28 in CFA model) of modeling retarded both the developments of 6 Hz corneal rapid kindling epileptogenesis and the CFA induced inflammatory pain. In comparison, late periods administration of TMP (D21-D35 in kindling and D14-D28 in CFA model) showed no effect on the epileptogenesis and the generalized seizures (GS) of kindling, but alleviated maintenance of CFA induced inflammatory pain. Furthermore, we also found all TMP treatments from the initial day of modeling alleviated the co-morbid depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in both models; however, late periods treatments did not, either in kindling or the CFA induced inflammatory pain. BDNF/ERK signaling impairment was also tested by western blot, and the results showed that TMP administered from the initial day of modeling increased the hippocampal BDNF/ERK expression, whereas late period administration showed no effects. Overall, our findings reveal the inconsistent time dependent effects of Tetramethylpyrazine on neurological disorders and their relative neuropsychiatric comorbidities, and provide novel insight into the early application of TMP that might enhance hippocampal BDNF/ERK signaling to alleviate neuropsychiatric comorbidities in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Peng Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Bao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Lai
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Ping Wen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Hao Xu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Hippocampal Malrotation: A Genetic Developmental Anomaly Related to Epilepsy? Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040463. [PMID: 33916495 PMCID: PMC8067421 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal malrotation (HIMAL) is an increasingly recognized neuroimaging feature but the clinical correlation and significance in epilepsies remain under debate. It is characterized by rounded hippocampal shape, deep collateral, or occipitotemporal sulcus, and medial localization of the hippocampus. In this review, we describe the embryonic development of the hippocampus and HIMAL, the qualitative and quantitative diagnosis issues, and the pathological findings of HIMAL. HIMAL can be bilateral or unilateral and more on the left side. Furthermore, the relevance of HIMAL diagnosis in clinical practice, including its role in epileptogenesis and the impact on the pre-surgical decision are reviewed. Finally, the relationship between HIMAL and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and the possible role of genetics in the etiology of HIMAL are discussed. The evidence so far suggested that HIMAL does not have a significant role in epileptogenesis or surgical decision. HIMAL could be a genetic developmental imaging feature that represents a more diffuse but subtle structural error during brain development. Many questions remain to be explored, such as possible cognitive alteration associated with HIMAL and whether HIMAL predisposes to the development of HS. Further studies using high-quality MRI, unified consensus qualitative and quantitative diagnostic criteria, and comprehensive cognitive assessment are recommended.
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Mutti C, Riccò M, Bartolini Y, Bernabè G, Trippi I, Melpignano A, Ciliento R, Zinno L, Florindo I, Sasso E, Odone A, Parrino L, Vaudano AE. Incomplete hippocampal inversion and epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsia 2020; 62:383-396. [PMID: 33325054 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) is a relatively frequent radiological finding at visual inspection in both epilepsy and healthy controls, but its clinical significance is unclear. Here, we systematically retrieve and assess the association between epilepsy and IHI using a meta-analytic approach. Additionally, we estimate the prevalence of IHI in patients with malformation of cortical development (MCD). METHODS We systematically searched two databases (Embase and PubMed) to identify potentially eligible studies from their inception to December 2019. For inclusion, studies were population-based, case-control, observational studies reporting on epilepsy and IHI. The risk of developing epilepsy in IHI (estimated with odds ratio [ORs]) and the frequency of IHI among patients with MCD are provided. RESULTS We screened 3601 records and assessed eligibility of 2812 full-text articles. The final material included 13 studies involving 1630 subjects. Seven studies (1329 subjects: 952 epileptic and 377 nonepileptic) were included for the estimation of the risk of developing epilepsy in the presence of IHI. The estimated OR of active epilepsy in IHI was 1.699 (95% confidence interval = 0.880-3.281), with moderate heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 71%). Seven studies (591 patients) provided information about the frequency of IHI in MCD. Up to one third of patients with MCD (27.9%) presented coexistent IHI. SIGNIFICANCE The present findings confirm that IHI is commonly observed in patients with MCD especially in periventricular nodular heterotopia or polymicrogyria. However, the estimated OR indicates overall weak increased odds of epilepsy in people with IHI, suggesting that the presence of isolated IHI cannot be considered a strong independent predictor for epilepsy development. Clear-cut neuroradiological criteria for IHI and advanced postprocessing analyses on structural magnetic resonance imaging scans are recommended to highlight differences between epileptogenic and nonepileptogenic IHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Mutti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sleep Disorders Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Riccò
- AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Occupational Health and Safety Service, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Yerma Bartolini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sleep Disorders Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bernabè
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sleep Disorders Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Irene Trippi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sleep Disorders Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Melpignano
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sleep Disorders Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rosario Ciliento
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sleep Disorders Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lucia Zinno
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sleep Disorders Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Irene Florindo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sleep Disorders Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Sasso
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sleep Disorders Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Odone
- School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Liborio Parrino
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sleep Disorders Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Elisabetta Vaudano
- Neurology Unit, Baggiovara Hospital, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Science, and Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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