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Spatafora D, Cattano C, Aglieri G, Quattrocchi F, Turco G, Quartararo G, Dudemaine J, Calosi P, Milazzo M. Limited behavioural effects of ocean acidification on a Mediterranean anemone goby (Gobius incognitus) chronically exposed to elevated CO 2 levels. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 181:105758. [PMID: 36183457 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An in situ reciprocal transplant experiment was carried around a volcanic CO2 vent to evaluate the anti-predator responses of an anemone goby species exposed to ambient (∼380 μatm) and high (∼850 μatm) CO2 sites. Overall, the anemone gobies displayed largely unaffected behaviors under high-CO2 conditions suggesting an adaptive potential of Gobius incognitus to ocean acidification (OA) conditions. This is also supported by its 3-fold higher density recorded in the field under high CO2. However, while fish exposed to ambient conditions showed an expected reduction in the swimming activity in the proximity of the predator between the pre- and post-exposure period, no such changes were detected in any of the other treatments where fish experienced acute and long-term high CO2. This may suggest an OA effect on the goby antipredator strategy. Our findings contribute to the ongoing debate over the need for realistic predictions of the impacts of expected increased CO2 concentration on fish, providing evidence from a natural high CO2 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Spatafora
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, I-90123, Palermo, Italy; Shimoda Marine Research Centre, Tsukuba University, Shimoda City, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan.
| | - Carlo Cattano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Sicily, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Aglieri
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Sicily, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federico Quattrocchi
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council CNR, Mazara del Vallo (TP), Italy
| | - Gabriele Turco
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, I-90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Quartararo
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, I-90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jeanne Dudemaine
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Piero Calosi
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Marco Milazzo
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, I-90123, Palermo, Italy
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Perry D, Staveley T, Deyanova D, Baden S, Dupont S, Hernroth B, Wood H, Björk M, Gullström M. Global environmental changes negatively impact temperate seagrass ecosystems. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Perry
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Resources Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Lysekil Sweden
| | - Thomas Staveley
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- AquaBiota Water Research Stockholm Sweden
| | - Diana Deyanova
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Kristineberg Fiskebäckskil Sweden
| | - Susanne Baden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Kristineberg Fiskebäckskil Sweden
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Kristineberg Fiskebäckskil Sweden
| | - Bodil Hernroth
- The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Kristineberg Fiskebäckskil Sweden
- Department of Natural Science Kristianstad University Kristianstad Sweden
| | - Hannah Wood
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Kristineberg Fiskebäckskil Sweden
| | - Mats Björk
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Martin Gullström
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Kristineberg Fiskebäckskil Sweden
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Cunha M, Macedo N, Wilson J, Rosenqvist G, Berglund A, Monteiro N. Reduced sexual size dimorphism in a pipefish population where males do not prefer larger females. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12826-12835. [PMID: 31788217 PMCID: PMC6875581 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Within a species' distribution, populations are often exposed to diverse environments and may thus experience different sources of both natural and sexual selection. These differences are likely to impact the balance between costs and benefits to individuals seeking reproduction, thus entailing evolutionary repercussions. Here, we look into an unusual population (Baltic Sea) of the broadnosed pipefish, Syngnathus typhle, where males do not seem to select females based on size and hypothesize that this pattern may derive from a reduction in direct benefits to the male. We further hypothesize that if larger females do not persistently secure a higher reproductive success, either through pre- or postcopulatory sexual selection, a decrease in sexual size dimorphism in the Baltic population should be apparent, especially when contrasted with a well-studied population, inhabiting similar latitudes (Swedish west coast), where males prefer larger females. We found that, in the Baltic population, variation in female quality is low. We were unable to find differences in abortion rates or protein concentration in oocytes produced by females of contrasting sizes. Direct benefits from mating with large partners seem, thus, reduced in the Baltic population. We also found no evidence of any postcopulatory mechanism that could favor larger mothers as embryo development was unrelated to female size. While female size can still be selected through intrasexual competition or fecundity selection, the pressure for large female body size seems to be lower in the Baltic. Accordingly, we found a noticeable decrease in sexual size dimorphism in the Baltic population. We conclude that, although far from negating the significance of other selective processes, sexual selection seems to have a decisive role in supporting pipefish sexual size asymmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Cunha
- CIBIO/InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Nídia Macedo
- CIBIO/InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Jonathan Wilson
- CIIMARCentro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e AmbientalUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Wilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Gunilla Rosenqvist
- Department of BiologyCBD, NTNUTrondheimNorway
- Department of Earth SciencesBlue Centre GotlandUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Anders Berglund
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal EcologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Nuno Monteiro
- CIBIO/InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- Departamento de BiologiaFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da SaúdeCEBIMEDUniversidade Fernando PessoaPortoPortugal
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Sundin J, Vossen LE, Nilsson-Sköld H, Jutfelt F. No effect of elevated carbon dioxide on reproductive behaviors in the three-spined stickleback. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Berglund A, Sundin J, Rosenqvist G. Baltic pipefish females need twice as many males as they get. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sundin J, Aronsen T, Rosenqvist G, Berglund A. Sex in murky waters: algal-induced turbidity increases sexual selection in pipefish. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017; 71:78. [PMID: 28450759 PMCID: PMC5391056 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Algal-induced turbidity has been shown to alter several important aspects of reproduction and sexual selection. However, while turbidity has been shown to negatively affect reproduction and sexually selected traits in some species, it may instead enhance reproductive success in others, implying that the impact of eutrophication is far more complex than originally believed. In this study, we aimed to provide more insight into these inconsistent findings. We used molecular tools to investigate the impact of algal turbidity on reproductive success and sexual selection on males in controlled laboratory experiments, allowing mate choice, mating competition, and mate encounter rates to affect reproduction. As study species, we used the broad-nosed pipefish, Syngnathus typhle, a species practicing male pregnancy and where we have previously shown that male mate choice is impaired by turbidity. Here, turbidity instead enhanced sexual selection on male size and mating success as well as reproductive success. Effects from mating competition and mate encounter rates may thus override effects from mate choice based on visual cues, producing an overall stronger sexual selection in turbid waters. Hence, seemingly inconsistent effects of turbidity on sexual selection may depend on which mechanisms of sexual selection that have been under study. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Algal blooms are becoming increasingly more common due to eutrophication of freshwater and marine environments. The high density of algae lowers water transparency and reduces the possibility for fish and other aquatic animals to perform behaviors dependent on vision. We have previously shown that pipefish are unable to select the best partner in mate choice trials when water transparency was reduced. However, fish might use other senses than vision to compensate for the reduction in water transparency. In this study, we found that when fish were allowed to freely interact, thereby allowing competition between partners and direct contact between the fish, the best partner was indeed chosen. Hence, the negative effects of reduced water visibility due to algal blooms may be counteracted by the use of other senses in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Sundin
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tonje Aronsen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gunilla Rosenqvist
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Berglund
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Jutfelt F, Hedgärde M. Juvenile Atlantic cod behavior appears robust to near-future CO2 levels. Front Zool 2015; 12:11. [PMID: 27408612 PMCID: PMC4940919 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-015-0104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ocean acidification caused by the anthropogenic release of CO2 is considered a major threat to marine ecosystems. One unexpected impact of elevated water CO2 levels is that behavioral alterations may occur in tropical reef fish and certain temperate fish species. These effects appear to alter many different types of sensory and cognitive functions; if widespread and persistent, they have the potential to cause ecosystem changes. Methods We investigated whether economically and ecologically important Atlantic cod also display behavioral abnormalities by exposing 52 juvenile cod to control conditions (500 μatm, duplicate tanks) or an end-of-the-century ocean acidification scenario (1000 μatm, duplicate tanks) for one month, during which time the fish were examined for a range of behaviors that have been reported to be affected by elevated CO2 in other fish. The behaviors were swimming activity, as measured by number of lines crossed per minute, the emergence from shelter, determined by how long it took the fish to exit a shelter after a disturbance, relative lateralization (a measure of behavioral turning side preference), and absolute lateralization (the strength of behavioral symmetry). Results We found no effect of CO2 treatment on any of the four behaviors tested: activity (F = 1.61, p = 0.33), emergence from shelter (F = 0.13, p = 0.76), relative lateralization (F = 2.82, p = 0.50), and absolute lateralization (F = 0.80, p = 0.26). Conclusion Our results indicate that the behavior of Atlantic cod could be resilient to the impacts of near-future levels of water CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden ; The Lovén Centre Kristineberg, Kristineberg 566, SE-451 78 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Maria Hedgärde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Heuer RM, Grosell M. Physiological impacts of elevated carbon dioxide and ocean acidification on fish. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1061-84. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00064.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Most fish studied to date efficiently compensate for a hypercapnic acid-base disturbance; however, many recent studies examining the effects of ocean acidification on fish have documented impacts at CO2 levels predicted to occur before the end of this century. Notable impacts on neurosensory and behavioral endpoints, otolith growth, mitochondrial function, and metabolic rate demonstrate an unexpected sensitivity to current-day and near-future CO2 levels. Most explanations for these effects seem to center on increases in Pco2 and HCO3− that occur in the body during pH compensation for acid-base balance; however, few studies have measured these parameters at environmentally relevant CO2 levels or directly related them to reported negative endpoints. This compensatory response is well documented, but noted variation in dynamic regulation of acid-base transport pathways across species, exposure levels, and exposure duration suggests that multiple strategies may be utilized to cope with hypercapnia. Understanding this regulation and changes in ion gradients in extracellular and intracellular compartments during CO2 exposure could provide a basis for predicting sensitivity and explaining interspecies variation. Based on analysis of the existing literature, the present review presents a clear message that ocean acidification may cause significant effects on fish across multiple physiological systems, suggesting that pH compensation does not necessarily confer tolerance as downstream consequences and tradeoffs occur. It remains difficult to assess if acclimation responses during abrupt CO2 exposures will translate to fitness impacts over longer timescales. Nonetheless, identifying mechanisms and processes that may be subject to selective pressure could be one of many important components of assessing adaptive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M. Heuer
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Marine Biology and Fisheries, Miami, Florida
| | - Martin Grosell
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Marine Biology and Fisheries, Miami, Florida
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Heinen-Kay JL, Noel HG, Layman CA, Langerhans RB. Human-caused habitat fragmentation can drive rapid divergence of male genitalia. Evol Appl 2014; 7:1252-67. [PMID: 25558285 PMCID: PMC4275096 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study rests on three premises: (i) humans are altering ecosystems worldwide, (ii) environmental variation often influences the strength and nature of sexual selection, and (iii) sexual selection is largely responsible for rapid and divergent evolution of male genitalia. While each of these assertions has strong empirical support, no study has yet investigated their logical conclusion that human impacts on the environment might commonly drive rapid diversification of male genital morphology. We tested whether anthropogenic habitat fragmentation has resulted in rapid changes in the size, allometry, shape, and meristics of male genitalia in three native species of livebearing fishes (genus: Gambusia) inhabiting tidal creeks across six Bahamian islands. We found that genital shape and allometry consistently and repeatedly diverged in fragmented systems across all species and islands. Using a model selection framework, we identified three ecological consequences of fragmentation that apparently underlie observed morphological patterns: decreased predatory fish density, increased conspecific density, and reduced salinity. Our results demonstrate that human modifications to the environment can drive rapid and predictable divergence in male genitalia. Given the ubiquity of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, future research should evaluate the generality of our findings and potential consequences for reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justa L Heinen-Kay
- Department of Biological Sciences and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Holly G Noel
- Department of Biological Sciences and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Craig A Layman
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - R Brian Langerhans
- Department of Biological Sciences and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC, USA
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Alva-Basurto JC, Arias-González JE. Modelling the effects of climate change on a Caribbean coral reef food web. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Roth O, Sundin J, Berglund A, Rosenqvist G, Wegner KM. Male mate choice relies on major histocompatibility complex class I in a sex-role-reversed pipefish. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:929-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Roth
- Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - J. Sundin
- Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC); Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - A. Berglund
- Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC); Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - G. Rosenqvist
- Department of Biology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - K. M. Wegner
- Coastal Ecology; Alfred Wegener Institute-Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research; List Germany
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Miller GM, Watson SA, McCormick MI, Munday PL. Increased CO2 stimulates reproduction in a coral reef fish. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:3037-3045. [PMID: 23686937 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification is predicted to negatively impact the reproduction of many marine species, either by reducing fertilization success or diverting energy from reproductive effort. While recent studies have demonstrated how ocean acidification will affect larval and juvenile fishes, little is known about how increasing partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2)) and decreasing pH might affect reproduction in adult fishes. We investigated the effects of near-future levels of pCO(2) on the reproductive performance of the cinnamon anemonefish, Amphiprion melanopus, from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Breeding pairs were held under three CO(2) treatments [Current-day Control (430 μatm), Moderate (584 μatm) and High (1032 μatm)] for a 9-month period that included the summer breeding season. Unexpectedly, increased CO(2) dramatically stimulated breeding activity in this species of fish. Over twice as many pairs bred in the Moderate (67% of pairs) and High (55%) compared to the Control (27%) CO(2) treatment. Pairs in the High CO(2) group produced double the number of clutches per pair and 67% more eggs per clutch compared to the Moderate and Control groups. As a result, reproductive output in the High group was 82% higher than that in the Control group and 50% higher than that in the Moderate group. Despite the increase in reproductive activity, there was no difference in adult body condition among the three treatment groups. There was no significant difference in hatchling length between the treatment groups, but larvae from the High CO(2) group had smaller yolks than Controls. This study provides the first evidence of the potential effects of ocean acidification on key reproductive attributes of marine fishes and, contrary to expectations, demonstrates an initially stimulatory (hormetic) effect in response to increased pCO(2). However, any long-term consequences of increased reproductive effort on individuals or populations remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Miller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
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