1
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Mezőfi L, Markó V, Taranyi DÁ, Markó G. Sex-specific life-history strategies among immature jumping spiders: Differences in body parameters and behavior. Curr Zool 2023; 69:535-551. [PMID: 37637309 PMCID: PMC10449423 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selection forces often generate sex-specific differences in various traits closely related to fitness. While in adult spiders (Araneae), sexes often differ in coloration, body size, antipredator, or foraging behavior, such sex-related differences are less pronounced among immatures. However, sex-specific life-history strategies may also be adaptive for immatures. Thus, we hypothesized that among spiders, immature individuals show different life-history strategies that are expressed as sex-specific differences in body parameters and behavioral features, and also in their relationships. We used immature individuals of a protandrous jumping spider, Carrhotus xanthogramma, and examined sex-related differences. The results showed that males have higher mass and larger prosoma than females. Males were more active and more risk tolerant than females. Male activity increased with time, and larger males tended to capture the prey faster than small ones, while females showed no such patterns. However, females reacted to the threatening abiotic stimuli more with the increasing number of test sessions. In both males and females, individuals with better body conditions tended to be more risk averse. Spiders showed no sex-specific differences in interindividual behavioral consistency and in intraindividual behavioral variation in the measured behavioral traits. Finally, we also found evidence for behavioral syndromes (i.e., correlation between different behaviors), where in males, only the activity correlated with the risk-taking behavior, but in females, all the measured behavioral traits were involved. The present study demonstrates that C. xanthogramma sexes follow different life-history strategies even before attaining maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Mezőfi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest 1118, Hungary
| | - Viktor Markó
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest 1118, Hungary
| | - Dóra Ágnes Taranyi
- Institute of Viticulture and Enology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest 1118, Hungary
| | - Gábor Markó
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest 1118, Hungary
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2
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Schraft HA, Bilbrey C, Olenski M, DiRienzo N, Montiglio PO, Dornhaus A. Injected serotonin decreases foraging aggression in black widow spiders (Latrodectus hesperus), but dopamine has no effect. Behav Processes 2023; 204:104802. [PMID: 36509355 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental goal of animal behavior research is to discover the proximate mechanisms driving individual behavioral differences. Biogenic amines are known to mediate various aspects of behavior across many species, including aggression, one of the most commonly measured behavioral traits in animals. Arthropods provide an excellent system to manipulate biogenic amines and quantify subsequent behavioral changes. Here, we investigated the role of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) on foraging aggression in western black widow spiders (Latrodectus hesperus), as measured by the number of attacks on a simulated prey animal in the web. We injected spiders with DA or 5-HT and then quantified subsequent changes in behavior over 48 h. Based on previous work on insects and spiders, we hypothesized that increasing DA levels would increase aggression, while increasing 5-HT would decrease aggression. We found that injection of 5-HT did decrease black widow foraging aggression, but DA had no effect. This could indicate that the relationship between DA and aggression is complex, or that DA may not play as important a role in driving aggressive behavior as previously thought, at least in black widow spiders. Aggressive behavior is likely also influenced by other factors, such as inter-individual differences in genetics, metabolic rates, environment, and other neurohormonal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes A Schraft
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des sciences biologiques, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Chasity Bilbrey
- University of Arizona, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, PO Box 210088, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Matt Olenski
- University of Arizona, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, PO Box 210088, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Nicholas DiRienzo
- University of Arizona, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, PO Box 210088, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Pierre-Olivier Montiglio
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des sciences biologiques, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Anna Dornhaus
- University of Arizona, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, PO Box 210088, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
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3
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State and physiology behind personality in arthropods: a review. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the endeavour to understand the causes and consequences of the variation in animal personality, a wide range of studies were carried out, utilising various aspects to make sense of this biological phenomenon. One such aspect integrated the study of physiological traits, investigating hypothesised physiological correlates of personality. Although many of such studies were carried out on vertebrates (predominantly on birds and mammals), studies using arthropods (mainly insects) as model organisms were also at the forefront of this area of research. In order to review the current state of knowledge on the relationship between personality and the most frequently studied physiological parameters in arthropods, we searched for scientific articles that investigated this relationship. In our review, we only included papers utilising a repeated-measures methodology to be conceptually and formally concordant with the study of animal personality. Based on our literature survey, metabolic rate, thermal physiology, immunophysiology, and endocrine regulation, as well as exogenous agents (such as toxins) were often identified as significant affectors shaping animal personality in arthropods. We found only weak support for state-dependence of personality when the state is approximated by singular elements (or effectors) of condition. We conclude that a more comprehensive integration of physiological parameters with condition may be required for a better understanding of state’s importance in animal personality. Also, a notable knowledge gap persists in arthropods regarding the association between metabolic rate and hormonal regulation, and their combined effects on personality. We discuss the findings published on the physiological correlates of animal personality in arthropods with the aim to summarise current knowledge, putting it into the context of current theory on the origin of animal personality.
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4
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Lartigue S, Yalaoui M, Belliard J, Caravel C, Jeandroz L, Groussier G, Calcagno V, Louâpre P, Dechaume‐Moncharmont F, Malausa T, Moreau J. Consistent variations in personality traits and their potential for genetic improvement in biocontrol agents: Trichogramma evanescens as a case study. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1565-1579. [PMID: 36330304 PMCID: PMC9624082 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in the biological control of agricultural pests require improvements in the phenotyping methods used by practitioners to select efficient biological control agent (BCA) populations in industrial rearing or field conditions. Consistent inter-individual variations in behaviour (i.e. animal personality) probably affect BCA efficiency, but have never been taken into account in the development of phenotyping methods, despite having characteristics useful for phenotyping: repeatable (by definition), often heritable, etc. We developed a video-tracking method targeting animal personality traits and evaluated the feasibility of its use for genetic improvement in the BCA Trichogramma evanescens, by phenotyping 1,049 individuals from 24 isogenic lines. We found consistent individual variations in boldness, activity and exploration. Personality differences between the 24 isogenic lines suggested a genetic origin of the variations in activity and exploration (broad-sense heritability estimates of 0.06 to 0.11) and revealed a trade-off between exploration and fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silène Lartigue
- ENGREF AgroParisTechParisFrance
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, UCA, CNRSSophia AntipolisFrance
- UMR CNRS 6282 BiogéosciencesUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
| | - Myriam Yalaoui
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, UCA, CNRSSophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Jean Belliard
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, UCA, CNRSSophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Claire Caravel
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, UCA, CNRSSophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Louise Jeandroz
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, UCA, CNRSSophia AntipolisFrance
| | | | - Vincent Calcagno
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, UCA, CNRSSophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Philippe Louâpre
- UMR CNRS 6282 BiogéosciencesUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
| | | | - Thibaut Malausa
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, UCA, CNRSSophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Jérôme Moreau
- UMR CNRS 6282 BiogéosciencesUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de ChizéUMR 7372, CNRS & La Rochelle UniversitéVilliers‐en‐boisFrance
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5
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Santicchia F, Wauters LA, Tranquillo C, Villa F, Dantzer B, Palme R, Preatoni D, Martinoli A. Invasive alien species as an environmental stressor and its effects on coping style in a native competitor, the Eurasian red squirrel. Horm Behav 2022; 140:105127. [PMID: 35121301 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Free-living animals cope with environmental stressors through physiological and behavioural responses. According to the unidimensional model, these responses are integrated within a coping style: proactive individuals (bold, active-explorative and social) have a lower hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity than reactive ones (shy, less active-explorative, less social). These associations may change when individuals are exposed to human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC), such as the introduction of invasive alien species (IAS). Here, we studied Eurasian red squirrels to investigate the relationship between personality traits and one integrated measure of HPA axis activity, both in areas uncolonized (natural populations) and colonized by an IAS, the Eastern grey squirrel (invaded populations). We expected an association between physiological and behavioural responses, and that activity, exploration and social tendency would covary, forming a behavioural syndrome in natural populations, while competition with the IAS was predicted to disrupt these associations. We used faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) as an integrated measure of adrenocortical activity, and measured the levels of four personality traits (exploration, activity, activity-exploration and social tendency) with an open field test and a mirror image stimulation test. We found no correlation between FGMs and personality traits, neither in natural nor invaded populations. However, we found correlations among personality traits in areas without interspecific competition, indicating a behavioural syndrome, which was disrupted in invaded populations. This is one of the few studies showing that an IAS, acting as an environmental stressor, alters a native species' behavioural syndrome, but does not influence its coping style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santicchia
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Lucas Armand Wauters
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Claudia Tranquillo
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Ben Dantzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Damiano Preatoni
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Adriano Martinoli
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
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6
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Parthasarathy B, Somanathan H, Wright J. Long‐Term Behavioural Syndrome in Subadult Indian Social Spiders But Not Over the Short‐Term or in Juveniles. Ethology 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hema Somanathan
- School of Biology Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Jonathan Wright
- Department of Biology Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD) Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
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7
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Kwek BZW, Tan M, Yu L, Zhou W, Chang CC, Li D. Aggressive males are more attractive to females and more likely to win contests in jumping spiders. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Hernández Duran L, Wilson DT, Briffa M, Rymer TL. Beyond spider personality: The relationships between behavioral, physiological, and environmental factors. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2974-2989. [PMID: 33841759 PMCID: PMC8019048 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiders are useful models for testing different hypotheses and methodologies relating to animal personality and behavioral syndromes because they show a range of behavioral types and unique physiological traits (e.g., silk and venom) that are not observed in many other animals. These characteristics allow for a unique understanding of how physiology, behavioral plasticity, and personality interact across different contexts to affect spider's individual fitness and survival. However, the relative effect of extrinsic factors on physiological traits (silk, venom, and neurohormones) that play an important role in spider survival, and which may impact personality, has received less attention. The goal of this review is to explore how the environment, experience, ontogeny, and physiology interact to affect spider personality types across different contexts. We highlight physiological traits, such as neurohormones, and unique spider biochemical weapons, namely silks and venoms, to explore how the use of these traits might, or might not, be constrained or limited by particular behavioral types. We argue that, to develop a comprehensive understanding of the flexibility and persistence of specific behavioral types in spiders, it is necessary to incorporate these underlying mechanisms into a synthesized whole, alongside other extrinsic and intrinsic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hernández Duran
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityCairnsQldAustralia
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability SciencesJames Cook UniversityCairnsQldAustralia
| | - David Thomas Wilson
- Centre for Molecular TherapeuticsAustralian Institute for Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityCairnsQldAustralia
| | - Mark Briffa
- School of Biological and Marine SciencesPlymouth UniversityPlymouthUK
| | - Tasmin Lee Rymer
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityCairnsQldAustralia
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability SciencesJames Cook UniversityCairnsQldAustralia
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9
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Michalko R, Gibbons AT, Goodacre SL, Pekár S. Foraging aggressiveness determines trophic niche in a generalist biological control species. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
There is a growing evidence that consistent interindividual differences in behavior, that is, behavioral types, can play an important role in key ecological processes such as predator–prey interactions, which in turn can have direct implications on biological control. Behavioral types of generalist predators may affect these interactions through individual differences in predators’ prey preferences and the breadth of predators’ trophic niches. This study examined how the multivariate nature of behavior, namely foraging aggressiveness, activity level, and risk-taking behavior, determines prey selection and trophic niche of the generalist agrobiont spider Philodromus cespitum. In laboratory experiments, we determined the repeatability of these behaviors and the preference between crickets, moths, fruit flies, and collembolans. We found that all three behaviors were moderately to strongly repeatable but there were no correlations between them, thus they did not form a behavioral syndrome. Only foraging aggressiveness influenced the prey selection of philodromid spiders and the more aggressive individuals had wider trophic niches because they incorporated prey that were more difficult to capture in their diet. In addition, more aggressive individuals killed a greater quantity of particular prey types while other prey types were killed at a similar rate by both aggressive and nonaggressive individuals. The differences in philodromids’ foraging aggressiveness, therefore, affected not only the overall prey density but also resulted in different prey community composition. As pest density and composition can both affect crop performance, further research needs to investigate how the interindividual behavioral differences of generalist natural enemies cascade down on the crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Michalko
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alastair T Gibbons
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sara L Goodacre
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stano Pekár
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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11
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Steinhoff POM, Warfen B, Voigt S, Uhl G, Dammhahn M. Individual differences in risk‐taking affect foraging across different landscapes of fear. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip O. M. Steinhoff
- Zoological Inst. and Museum, General and Systematic Zoology, Univ. of Greifswald Loitzer Straße 26 DE‐17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Bennet Warfen
- Zoological Inst. and Museum, General and Systematic Zoology, Univ. of Greifswald Loitzer Straße 26 DE‐17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Sissy Voigt
- Zoological Inst. and Museum, General and Systematic Zoology, Univ. of Greifswald Loitzer Straße 26 DE‐17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Gabriele Uhl
- Zoological Inst. and Museum, General and Systematic Zoology, Univ. of Greifswald Loitzer Straße 26 DE‐17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Melanie Dammhahn
- Animal Ecology, Inst. for Biochemistry and Biology, Univ. of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
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12
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Powell EC, Taylor LA. Intraspecific variation in responses to aposematic prey in a jumping spider (
Phidippus regius
). Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin C. Powell
- Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Lisa A. Taylor
- Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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13
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Royauté R, Hedrick A, Dochtermann NA. Behavioural syndromes shape evolutionary trajectories via conserved genetic architecture. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200183. [PMID: 32429805 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Behaviours are often correlated within broader syndromes, creating the potential for evolution in one behaviour to drive evolutionary changes in other behaviours. Despite demonstrations that behavioural syndromes are common, this potential for evolutionary effects has not been demonstrated. Here we show that populations of field crickets (Gryllus integer) exhibit a genetically conserved behavioural syndrome structure, despite differences in average behaviours. We found that the distribution of genetic variation and genetic covariance among behavioural traits was consistent with genes and cellular mechanisms underpinning behavioural syndromes rather than correlated selection. Moreover, divergence among populations' average behaviours was constrained by the genetically conserved behavioural syndrome. Our results demonstrate that a conserved genetic architecture linking behaviours has shaped the evolutionary trajectories of populations in disparate environments-illustrating an important way for behavioural syndromes to result in shared evolutionary fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Royauté
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1340 Bolley Drive, 201 Stevens Hall, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Ann Hedrick
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ned A Dochtermann
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1340 Bolley Drive, 201 Stevens Hall, Fargo, ND 58102
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14
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Ehlman SM, Halpin R, Jones C, Munson A, Pollack L, Sih A. Intermediate turbidity elicits the greatest antipredator response and generates repeatable behaviour in mosquitofish. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Michalko R, Pekár S, Entling MH. An updated perspective on spiders as generalist predators in biological control. Oecologia 2018; 189:21-36. [PMID: 30535723 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of generalist predators in biological control remains controversial as they may not only reduce pest populations but also disrupt biocontrol exerted by other natural enemies. Here, we focus on spiders as a model group of generalist predators. They are among the most abundant and most diverse natural enemies in agroecosystems. We review their functional traits that influence food-web dynamics and pest suppression at organisational levels ranging from individuals to communities. At the individual and population levels, we focus on hunting strategy, body size, life stage, nutritional target, and personality (i.e., consistent inter-individual differences in behaviour). These functional traits determine the spider trophic niches. We also focus on the functional and numerical response to pest densities and on non-consumptive effects of spiders on pests. At the community level, we review multiple-predator effects and effect of alternative prey on pest suppression. Evidence for a key role of spiders in pest suppression is accumulating. Importantly, recent research has highlighted widespread non-consumptive effects and complex intraguild interactions of spiders. A better understanding of these effects is needed to optimize biocontrol services by spiders in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Michalko
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Stano Pekár
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin H Entling
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau/Pfalz, Germany
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16
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Urbanisation and sex affect the consistency of butterfly personality across metamorphosis. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Petcharad B, Košulič O, Michalko R. Insecticides alter prey choice of potential biocontrol agent Philodromus cespitum (Araneae, Philodromidae). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:491-497. [PMID: 29579684 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Even though pesticides can have various sublethal effects on behaviour of biocontrol agents, no study to date has investigated the effects of pesticides on the prey choice of generalist predators. Prey choice of generalist predators is among key factors determining the predation pressure they exert on pests, because it influences fitness of predators and consequently their densities and per capita capture rate. Here, we investigated the effect of Integro (a.i. methoxyfenozide) and SpinTor 480 Sc (a.i. spinosad) on prey choice and predatory activity of the spider Philodromus cespitum, which is known significantly to reduce hemipteran and dipteran pests in fruit orchards. We compared the prey preferences of philodromids between the psyllid pest Cacopsylla pyri (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) and beneficial Theridion sp. spiders in laboratory experiments. We found that both pesticides altered the prey preferences of philodromids. While the philodromids in a control treatment preferred theridiid spiders over the psyllid pest, philodromids in the pesticide treatments exhibited no significant prey preferences. The changes in prey preferences were caused by increased predation on the psyllids, while the predation on the theridiid remained similar. We suggest that the changes in prey preferences might theoretically be due to 1) impaired sensory systems, 2) altered taste, and/or 3) altered mobility. In combination with other studies finding reduced predation on fruit flies in P. cespitum after exposure to SpinTor, our results indicate that the sublethal effects of pesticides on predatory behaviour of generalist predators can depend on prey type and/or prey community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Booppa Petcharad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Ondřej Košulič
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Michalko
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic.
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18
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Behavioral variation post-invasion: Resemblance in some, but not all, behavioral patterns among invasive and native praying mantids. Behav Processes 2018; 153:92-99. [PMID: 29802859 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Animal invasions can be devastating for native species. Behavioral variation is known to influence animal invasions, yet comparatively less is known about how behavioral variation influences invasive-native species interactions. Here we examined how the mean and variance surrounding several behavioral traits in two sympatric species of praying mantis differ and how these behavioral types translate to actual prey capture success using the introduced European mantis, Mantis religiosa, and the native bordered mantis, Stagmomantis limbata. We assayed time spent in the open (risk proneness), response towards a novel prey, and voracity within a population of M. religiosa and S. limbata. We found that the native and invasive mantids displayed no differences in their average behavioral tendencies. The native exhibited significant levels of repeatability in voracity while the invasive did not. The lack of repeatability in the invasive appears to be driven by lower levels of among-individual variation in voracity. This may have evolutionary consequences for native S. limbata if it results in strong selection in native levels of mean and among-individual variation. Significant levels of among-individual differences were found in other behaviors (response to a novel prey and risk proneness) across species, suggesting less selection on invasive behavioral variation in these traits. Risk proneness and response towards a novel prey also formed a behavioral syndrome across species, yet neither behavior was correlated with voracity in either species. Our results illustrate the need to examine the ecological effects of behavioral variation of both invasive and native species to determine how that might impact invasive-native interactions.
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Tüzün N, Müller S, Koch K, Stoks R. Pesticide-induced changes in personality depend on the urbanization level. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Hewes ME, Delventhal K, Chaves-Campos J. Behavioral plasticity and consistency in the naked-footed mouse (Peromyscus nudipes) with habitat disturbance. J ETHOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-017-0517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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Michalko R, Pekár S. The Behavioral Type of a Top Predator Drives the Short-Term Dynamic of Intraguild Predation. Am Nat 2017; 189:242-253. [PMID: 28221826 DOI: 10.1086/690501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Variation in behavior among individual top predators (i.e., the behavioral type) can strongly shape pest suppression in intraguild predation (IGP). However, the effect of a top predator's behavioral type-namely, foraging aggressiveness (number of killed divided by prey time) and prey choosiness (preference degree for certain prey type)-on the dynamic of IGP may interact with the relative abundances of top predator, mesopredator, and pest. We investigated the influence of the top predator's behavioral type on the dynamic of IGP in a three-species system with a top predator spider, a mesopredator spider, and a psyllid pest using a simulation model. The model parameters were estimated from laboratory experiments and field observations. The top predator's behavioral type altered the food-web dynamics in a context-dependent manner. The system with an aggressive/nonchoosy top predator, without prey preferences between pest and mesopredator, suppressed the pest more when the top predator to mesopredator abundance ratio was high. In contrast, the system with a timid/choosy top predator that preferred the pest to the mesopredator was more effective when the ratio was low. Our results show that the behavioral types and abundances of interacting species need to be considered together when studying food-web dynamics, because they evidently interact. To improve biocontrol efficiency of predators, research on the alteration of their behavioral types is needed.
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Chang CC, Teo HY, Norma-Rashid Y, Li D. Predator personality and prey behavioural predictability jointly determine foraging performance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40734. [PMID: 28094288 PMCID: PMC5240143 DOI: 10.1038/srep40734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions play important roles in ecological communities. Personality, consistent inter-individual differences in behaviour, of predators, prey or both are known to influence inter-specific interactions. An individual may also behave differently under the same situation and the level of such variability may differ between individuals. Such intra-individual variability (IIV) or predictability may be a trait on which selection can also act. A few studies have revealed the joint effect of personality types of both predators and prey on predator foraging performance. However, how personality type and IIV of both predators and prey jointly influence predator foraging performance remains untested empirically. Here, we addressed this using a specialized spider-eating jumping spider, Portia labiata (Salticidae), as the predator, and a jumping spider, Cosmophasis umbratica, as the prey. We examined personality types and IIVs of both P. labiata and C. umbratica and used their inter- and intra-individual behavioural variation as predictors of foraging performance (i.e., number of attempts to capture prey). Personality type and predictability had a joint effect on predator foraging performance. Aggressive predators performed better in capturing unpredictable (high IIV) prey than predictable (low IIV) prey, while docile predators demonstrated better performance when encountering predictable prey. This study highlights the importance of the joint effect of both predator and prey personality types and IIVs on predator-prey interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Huey Yee Teo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Y Norma-Rashid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daiqin Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
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Royauté R, Dochtermann NA. When the mean no longer matters: developmental diet affects behavioral variation but not population averages in the house cricket (Acheta domesticus). Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prolonged food restriction decreases body condition and reduces repeatability in personality traits in web-building spiders. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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25
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Differences in measures of boldness even when underlying behavioral syndromes are present in two populations of the song sparrow (Melospiza melodia). J ETHOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-016-0465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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Liedtke J, Redekop D, Schneider JM, Schuett W. Early Environmental Conditions Shape Personality Types in a Jumping Spider. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Urszán TJ, Garamszegi LZ, Nagy G, Hettyey A, Török J, Herczeg G. No personality without experience? A test on Rana dalmatina tadpoles. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5847-56. [PMID: 26811759 PMCID: PMC4717344 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
While the number of studies reporting the presence of individual behavioral consistency (animal personality, behavioral syndrome) has boomed in the recent years, there is still much controversy about the proximate and ultimate mechanisms resulting in the phenomenon. For instance, direct environmental effects during ontogeny (phenotypic plasticity) as the proximate mechanism behind the emergence of consistent individual differences in behavior are usually overlooked compared to environmental effects operating across generations (genetic adaptation). Here, we tested the effects of sociality and perceived predation risk during ontogeny on the strength of behavioral consistency in agile frog (Rana dalmatina) tadpoles in a factorial common garden experiment. Tadpoles reared alone and without predatory cues showed zero repeatability within (i.e., lack of personality) and zero correlation between (i.e., lack of syndrome) activity and risk-taking. On the other hand, cues from predators alone induced both activity and risk-taking personalities, while cues from predators and conspecifics together resulted in an activity - risk-taking behavioral syndrome. Our results show that individual experience has an unequivocal role in the emergence of behavioral consistency. In this particular case, the development of behavioral consistency was most likely the result of genotype × environment interactions, or with other words, individual variation in behavioral plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás J Urszán
- Behavioural Ecology Group Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány, 1/c Budapest H-1117 Hungary
| | - László Z Garamszegi
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology Estacion Biologica de Donana - CSIC c/Americo Vespucio, s/n Seville 41092 Spain
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Behavioural Ecology Group Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány, 1/c Budapest H-1117 Hungary
| | - Attila Hettyey
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group MTA ATK NÖVI Herman Ottó út 15 Budapest 1022 Hungary
| | - János Török
- Behavioural Ecology Group Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány, 1/c Budapest H-1117 Hungary
| | - Gábor Herczeg
- Behavioural Ecology Group Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány, 1/c Budapest H-1117 Hungary
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Royauté R, Pruitt JN. Varying predator personalities generates contrasting prey communities in an agroecosystem. Ecology 2015; 96:2902-11. [DOI: 10.1890/14-2424.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Modlmeier AP, Keiser CN, Wright CM, Lichtenstein JL, Pruitt JN. Integrating animal personality into insect population and community ecology. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 9:77-85. [PMID: 32846713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent surge of interest in the concept of animal personalities, that is, temporally consistent individual differences in behavior, few studies have integrated intraspecific behavioral variation in population or community ecology. Insects and other arthropods provide ideal model systems to study how intraspecific behavioral variation affects phenomena in ecology. This is due to the fact that arthropods not only are highly amenable to experimental manipulation, but they also allow us to answer general ecological questions on multiple scales of biological organization. Herein, we review recent developments and views on how the framework of animal personality could provide a deeper understanding of classic issues in (1) population ecology (e.g., local adaptation, dispersal, and invasion), (2) community ecology (e.g., food webs and ecosystem engineering), and (3) more insect-focused topics such as metamorphosis and pollination biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas P Modlmeier
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Carl N Keiser
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Colin M Wright
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - James Ll Lichtenstein
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Jonathan N Pruitt
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
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Lichtenstein JLL, Pruitt JN. Similar patterns of frequency-dependent selection on animal personalities emerge in three species of social spiders. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1248-56. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. N. Pruitt
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
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31
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DiRienzo N, McDermott DR, Pruitt JN. Testing the Effects of Biogenic Amines and Alternative Topical Solvent Types on the Behavioral Repertoire of Two Web-Building Spiders. Ethology 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas DiRienzo
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior; Animal Behavior Graduate Group; University of California - Davis; Davis CA USA
| | - Donna R. McDermott
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Jonathan N. Pruitt
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
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Royauté R, Buddle CM, Vincent C. Under the influence: sublethal exposure to an insecticide affects personality expression in a jumping spider. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Royauté
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University Macdonald Campus Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue QC H9X 3V9 Canada
- Horticultural Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Saint‐Jean‐sur‐Richelieu QCJ3B 3E6 Canada
| | - Christopher M. Buddle
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University Macdonald Campus Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Charles Vincent
- Horticultural Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Saint‐Jean‐sur‐Richelieu QCJ3B 3E6 Canada
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33
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Tedore C, Johnsen S. Visual mutual assessment of size in male Lyssomanes viridis jumping spider contests. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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34
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Keiser CN, Wright CM, Singh N, DeShane JA, Modlmeier AP, Pruitt JN. Cross-fostering by foreign conspecific queens and slave-making workers influences individual- and colony-level personality. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Halpin RN, Johnson JC. A Continuum of Behavioral Plasticity in Urban and Desert Black Widows. Ethology 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N. Halpin
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences (2352); Arizona State University at the West Campus; 4701 W. Thunderbird Road Glendale AZ 85306 USA
| | - J. Chadwick Johnson
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences (2352); Arizona State University at the West Campus; 4701 W. Thunderbird Road Glendale AZ 85306 USA
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