1
|
Rohwäder M, Jeltsch F. Foraging personalities modify effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Univ. of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bouchebti S, Cortés-Fossati F, Vales Estepa Á, Plaza Lozano M, S. Calovi D, Arganda S. Sex-Specific Effect of the Dietary Protein to Carbohydrate Ratio on Personality in the Dubia Cockroach. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020133. [PMID: 35206707 PMCID: PMC8879078 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Animal personality is modulated by genetic and environmental factors. To explore the modulatory effect of nutrition on personality, we investigated whether diets varying in their relative content of proteins and carbohydrates might modulate the behavior of the Dubia cockroach. Over a period of eight weeks, we fed adult cockroaches, both males and females, five different diets, and we measured diet consumption, survival, and personality traits by recording their exploratory and mobility behaviors. After eight weeks, females gained more body mass and had higher survival than males. We found that females preferred carbohydrate-rich diets and avoided ingesting too many proteins by consuming less food on high-protein diets. The diet had no effect on their personality. However, males showed a bolder personality when fed with high-protein diets while consuming the same amount of food, regardless of the protein content in the diet. These sex differences could be beneficial for the species in stressful nutritional environments, allowing males to discover new food resources while ovoviviparous females could spend more time protected in shelters. Abstract Animal personality, defined by behavioral variations among individuals consistent over contexts or time, is shaped by genetic and environmental factors. Among these factors, nutrition can play an important role. The Geometric Framework of Nutrition has promoted a better understanding of the role of the macronutrient proportion in animal development, survival, reproduction, and behavior, and can help to disentangle its modulatory effect on animal personality. In this study, we investigated the effects of protein to carbohydrate (P:C) ratio in the personality of the cockroach Blaptica dubia. Newly emerged adults were fed over a period of eight weeks on five different diets varying in their P:C ratio and their diet consumption, mass variation, survival, exploratory behavior, and mobility were assessed. We found that females, unlike males, were able to regulate their nutrient intake and preferred carbohydrate-rich diets. Females also gained more body mass and lived longer compared to males. In addition, their behavior and mobility were not affected by the diet. In males, however, high-protein diets induced a bolder personality. We suggest that the sex-specific effects observed on both survival and behavior are related to the nutrient intake regulation capacity and might improve the species’ fitness in adverse nutritional conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bouchebti
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (F.C.-F.); (Á.V.E.); (M.P.L.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fernando Cortés-Fossati
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (F.C.-F.); (Á.V.E.); (M.P.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Ángela Vales Estepa
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (F.C.-F.); (Á.V.E.); (M.P.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Maria Plaza Lozano
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (F.C.-F.); (Á.V.E.); (M.P.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Daniel S. Calovi
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78464 Konstanz, Germany;
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sara Arganda
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (F.C.-F.); (Á.V.E.); (M.P.L.); (S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mühlenhaupt M, Baxter-Gilbert J, Makhubo BG, Riley JL, Measey J. No evidence for innate differences in tadpole behavior between natural, urbanized, and invasive populations. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022; 76:11. [PMID: 35002046 PMCID: PMC8727469 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Animals are increasingly challenged to respond to novel or rapidly changing habitats due to urbanization and/or displacement outside their native range by humans. Behavioral differences, such as increased boldness (i.e., propensity for risk-taking), are often observed in animals persisting in novel environments; however, in many cases, it is unclear how these differences arise (e.g., through developmental plasticity or evolution) or when they arise (i.e., at what age or developmental stage). In the Guttural Toad (Sclerophrys gutturalis), adult urban toads from both native and invasive ranges are bolder than conspecifics in natural habitats. Here, we reared Guttural Toad tadpoles in a common garden experiment, and tested for innate differences in boldness across their development and between individuals whose parents and lineage came from rural-native, urban-native, and urban-invasive localities (i.e., origin populations). Tadpoles did not differ in their boldness or in how their boldness changed over ontogeny based on their origin populations. In general, tadpoles typically became less bold as they aged, irrespective of origin population. Our findings indicate that differences in boldness in free-living adult Guttural Toads are not innate in the tadpole stage and we discuss three possible mechanisms driving phenotypic divergence in adult boldness for the focus of future research: habitat-dependent developmental effects on tadpole behavior, decoupled evolution between the tadpole and adult stage, and/or behavioral flexibility, learning, or acclimatization during the adult stage. Significance statement To determine if animals can persist in urban areas or become invasive outside their native ranges, it is important to understand how they adapt to life in the city. Our study investigates if differences in boldness that have been found in adult Guttural Toads (Sclerophrys gutturalis) represent heritable differences that can also be found in early life stages by rearing tadpoles from eggs in a common garden experiment. We did not find any differences in boldness among tadpoles from rural-native, urban-native, and urban-invasive origin populations. Our findings suggest that differences in boldness are not innate and/or that boldness is a behavioral trait that is decoupled between the tadpole and the adult stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Mühlenhaupt
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7600 South Africa
| | - James Baxter-Gilbert
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7600 South Africa
| | - Buyisile G Makhubo
- College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 91 Ridge Rd, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville 3201 South Africa
| | - Julia L Riley
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7600 South Africa.,Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada.,Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1E2 Canada
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7600 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Payne E, Sinn D, Spiegel O, Leu S, Gardner M, Godfrey S, Wohlfeil C, Sih A. Consistent after all: behavioural repeatability in a long-lived lizard across a 6-year field study. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Chandrasegaran K, Sriramamurthy R, Singh A, Ravichandran P, Quader S. Antipredatory Responses of Mosquito Pupae to Non-Lethal Predation Threat-Behavioral Plasticity Across Life-History Stages. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:1032-1040. [PMID: 32885816 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antipredatory behavioral responses tend to be energetically expensive, and prey species thus need to resolve trade-offs between these behaviors and other activities such as foraging and mating. While these trade-offs have been well-studied across taxa, less is known about how costs and benefits vary in different life-history contexts, and associated consequences. To address this question, we compared responses of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti [Diptera: Culicidae]) to predation threat from guppy (Poecilia reticulata [Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae]) across two life-history stages-larvae (data from previous study) and pupae (from this study). Pupae are motile but do not feed and are comparable to larvae in terms of behavior. To understand how physiological costs affect the threat sensitivity of pupae, we used sex (with size as a covariate) as a proxy for stored energy reserves, and quantified movement and space use patterns of male (small-sized) and female (large-sized) pupae when exposed to predation threat. We found that pupae did not alter movement when exposed to predator cues but instead altered spatial use by spending more time at the bottom of the water column. We found no effect of pupa sex (or size) on the behavioral responses we measured. We conclude that pupa behavior, both antipredatory and otherwise, is primarily targeted at minimizing energy expenditure, as compared with larval behavior, which appears to balance energy expenditure between the opposing pressures of foraging and of avoiding predation. We suggest that antipredatory defenses in metamorphosing prey are modulated by varying energetic trade-offs associated with different life-history stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Chandrasegaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rasikapriyaa Sriramamurthy
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Avehi Singh
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Pooja Ravichandran
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suhel Quader
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|