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Garzke J, Forster I, Graham C, Costalago D, Hunt BPV. Future climate change-related decreases in food quality may affect juvenile Chinook salmon growth and survival. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 191:106171. [PMID: 37716280 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is projected to raise global temperatures by 3.3-5.7 °C by 2100, resulting in changes in species composition, abundance, and nutritional quality of organisms at the base of the marine food web. Predicted increases in prey availability and reductions in prey nutritional quality under climate warming in certain marine systems are expected to impact higher trophic levels, such as fish and humans. There is limited knowledge of the interplay between food quantity and quality under warming, specifically when food availability is high, but quality is low. Here, we conducted an experiment assessing the effects of food quality (fatty acid composition and ratios) on juvenile Chinook salmon's (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) body and nutritional condition, specifically focusing on RNA:DNA ratio, Fulton's K, growth, mortality and their fatty acid composition. Experimental diets represented three different climate change scenarios with 1) a present-day diet (Euphausia pacifica), 2) a control diet (commercial aquaculture diet), and 3) a predicted Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) worst-case scenario diet with low essential fatty acid concentrations (IPCC SSP5-8.5). We tested how growth rates, RNA:DNA ratio, Fulton's K index, fatty acid composition and mortality rates in juvenile Chinook salmon compared across diet treatments. Fatty acids were incorporated into the salmon muscle at varying rates but, on average, reflected dietary concentrations. High dietary concentrations of DHA, EPA and high DHA:EPA ratios, under the control and present-day diets, increased fish growth and condition. In contrast, low concentrations of DHA and EPA and low DHA:EPA ratios in the diets under climate change scenario were not compensated for by increased food quantity. This result highlights the importance of considering food quality when assessing fish response to changing ocean conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Garzke
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Ian Forster
- Pacific Science Enterprise Center, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Dr., West Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada
| | - Caroline Graham
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David Costalago
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Brian P V Hunt
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Hakai Institute, PO Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC, V0P 1H0, Canada
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2
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Leles SG, Levine NM. Mechanistic constraints on the trade-off between photosynthesis and respiration in response to warming. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh8043. [PMID: 37656790 PMCID: PMC10796116 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton are responsible for half of all oxygen production and drive the ocean carbon cycle. Metabolic theory predicts that increasing global temperatures will cause phytoplankton to become more heterotrophic and smaller. Here, we uncover the metabolic trade-offs between cellular space, energy, and stress management driving phytoplankton thermal acclimation and how these might be overcome through evolutionary adaptation. We show that the observed relationships between traits such as chlorophyll, lipid content, C:N, and size can be predicted on the basis of the metabolic demands of the cell, the thermal dependency of transporters, and changes in membrane lipids. We suggest that many of the observed relationships are not fixed physiological constraints but rather can be altered through adaptation. For example, the evolution of lipid metabolism can favor larger cells with higher lipid content to mitigate oxidative stress. These results have implications for rates of carbon sequestration and export in a warmer ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana G. Leles
- Department of Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Pansini A, Beca-Carretero P, González MJ, La Manna G, Medina I, Ceccherelli G. Sources of variability in seagrass fatty acid profiles and the need of identifying reliable warming descriptors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10000. [PMID: 37340008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming is expected to have inexorable and profound effects on marine ecosystems, particularly in foundation species such as seagrasses. Identifying responses to warming and comparing populations across natural temperature gradients can inform how future warming will impact the structure and function of ecosystems. Here, we investigated how thermal environment, intra-shoot and spatial variability modulate biochemical responses of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Through a space-for-time substitution study, Fatty acid (FA) profiles on the second and fifth leaf of the shoots were quantified at eight sites in Sardinia along a natural sea surface temperature (SST) summer gradient (about 4 °C). Higher mean SST were related to a decrease in the leaf total fatty acid content (LTFA), a reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3/omega-6 PUFA and PUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratios and an increase in SFA, monounsaturated fatty acids and carbon elongation index (CEI, C18:2 n-6/C16:2 n-6) ratio. Results also revealed that FA profiles were strongly influenced by leaf age, independently of SST and spatial variability within sites. Overall, this study evidenced that the sensitive response of P. oceanica FA profiles to intra-shoot and spatial variability must not be overlooked when considering their response to temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pansini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Pedro Beca-Carretero
- Department of Oceanography, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria J González
- Department of Oceanography, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Gabriella La Manna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- MareTerra Onlus, Environmental Research and Conservation, 07041, Alghero, SS, Italy
| | - Isabel Medina
- Department of Oceanography, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Giulia Ceccherelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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4
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Zhang J, Li X, Wang X, Guan W. Transcriptome analysis of two bloom-forming Prorocentrum species reveals physiological changes related to light and temperature. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 125:102421. [PMID: 37220974 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and light substantially influence red tide succession. However, it remains unclear whether the molecular mechanisms differ among species. In this study, we measured the variation in the physiological parameters of growth and pigments and transcriptional levels of two bloom-forming dinoflagellates, namely Prorocentrum micans and P. cordatum. This was undertaken in four treatments that represented two factorial temperature combinations (LT: 20 °C, HT: 28 °C) and light conditions (LL: 50 µmol photons m-2 s-1, HL: 400 µmol photons m-2 s-1) for 7-day batch culture. Growth under high temperature and high light (HTHL) was the fastest, while growth under high temperature and low light (HTLL) was the slowest. The pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoids) decreased significantly in all high light (HL) treatments, but not in high temperature (HT) treatments. HL alleviated the low light-caused photolimitation and enhanced the growth of both species at low temperatures. However, HT inhibited the growth of both species by inducing oxidative stress under low light conditions. HL mitigated the HT-induced stress on growth in both species by upregulating photosynthesis, antioxidase activity, protein folding, and degradation. The cells of P. micans were more sensitive to HT and HL than those of P. cordatum. This study deepens our understanding of the species-specific mechanism of dinoflagellates at the transcriptomic level, adapting to the future ocean changes including higher solar radiation and higher temperatures in the upper mixed layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhu Zhang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xuanwen Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Wanchun Guan
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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Jin P, Ji Y, Huang Q, Li P, Pan J, Lu H, Liang Z, Guo Y, Zhong J, Beardall J, Xia J. A reduction in metabolism explains the tradeoffs associated with the long-term adaptation of phytoplankton to high CO 2 concentrations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2155-2167. [PMID: 34907539 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton are responsible for nearly half of global primary productivity and play crucial roles in the Earth's biogeochemical cycles. However, the long-term adaptive responses of phytoplankton to rising CO2 remains unknown. Here we examine the physiological and proteomics responses of a marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, following long-term (c. 900 generations) selection to high CO2 conditions. Our results show that this diatom responds to long-term high CO2 selection by downregulating proteins involved in energy production (Calvin cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, oxidative pentose phosphate pathway), with a subsequent decrease in photosynthesis and respiration. Nearly similar extents of downregulation of photosynthesis and respiration allow the high CO2 -adapted populations to allocate the same fraction of carbon to growth, thereby maintaining their fitness during the long-term high CO2 selection. These results indicate an important role of metabolism reduction under high CO2 and shed new light on the adaptive mechanisms of phytoplankton in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Ji
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Qingdao Technical College, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Quanting Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinmei Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhe Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingyan Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahui Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Pilecky M, Závorka L, Arts MT, Kainz MJ. Omega-3 PUFA profoundly affect neural, physiological, and behavioural competences - implications for systemic changes in trophic interactions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2127-2145. [PMID: 34018324 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, much conceptual thinking in trophic ecology has been guided by theories of nutrient limitation and the flow of elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, within and among ecosystems. More recently, ecologists have also turned their attention to examining the value of specific dietary nutrients, in particular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), among which the omega-3 PUFA, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play a central role as essential components of neuronal cell membranes in many organisms. This review focuses on a new neuro-ecological approach stemming from the biochemical (mechanistic) and physiological (functional) role of DHA in neuronal cell membranes, in particular in conjunction with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). We link the co-evolution of these neurological functions to metabolic dependency on dietary omega-3 PUFA. We outline ways in which deficiencies in dietary DHA supply may affect, cognition, vision, and behaviour, and ultimately, the biological fitness of consumers. We then review emerging evidence that changes in access to dietary omega-3 PUFA may ultimately have profound impacts on trophic interactions leading to potential changes in community structure and ecosystem functioning that, in turn, may affect the supply of DHA within and across ecosystems, including the supply for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pilecky
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, Lunz am See, 3293, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Research, Donau-Universität Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems, 3500, Austria
| | - Libor Závorka
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, Lunz am See, 3293, Austria
| | - Michael T Arts
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, Lunz am See, 3293, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Research, Donau-Universität Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems, 3500, Austria
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