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Pereira R, Gillespie S, Rapezzano G, Withers J, Duz M, Foote A. Extensive intraocular melanoma with secondary glaucoma in a 15-month-old Thoroughbred filly. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1471. [PMID: 38739097 PMCID: PMC11090147 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A 15-month-old, grey, Thoroughbred filly presented for investigation of a 6-week history of corneal oedema and blepharospasm on the right eye (OD). The filly was otherwise healthy. Following ophthalmic examination, glaucoma on the OD was diagnosed. A space occupying mass within the anterior chamber was documented on transpalpebral ultrasonographic examination. This mass obliterated most of the anterior intraocular structures on the peripheral nasal side (corneal endothelium and drainage angle), leading to secondary glaucoma. After systemic and topical treatment addressing secondary glaucoma, the corneal oedema reduced. The mass was visualised as an irregularly rounded brown structure associated with the iris on the peripheral nasal side of the anterior chamber. Given the filly's signalment, location and appearance of the mass, a tentative diagnosis of intraocular melanoma was made and enucleation was performed. Histopathological evaluation of the globe revealed solid sheets of heavily pigmented melanocytic cells, disrupting the normal ciliary body architecture and extending into the iris and subretinal. The cells were pleomorphic, polyhedral to round with occasional spindle-shaped cells, and contained moderate to large amounts of granular black-brown pigment (melanin). The iridal component expanded into the anterior chamber, with cells directly opposed to Descemet's membrane, with loss of the endothelium and expanding and occluding the filtration angle in this area. The lesion infiltrated locally into the edge of the sclera, but did not extend through the sclera, though occasional perivascular clusters of melanophages were observed within the scleral stroma adjacent to the optic nerve. Diagnosis of a uveal melanocytic neoplasm was confirmed, with characteristics similar to only one reported case . This is a unique case of a rapidly growing, invasive, uveal melanoma in a young horse. Intraocular melanoma should be considered as a differential diagnoses for glaucoma in grey horses, regardless of the age and absence of melanocytic skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marco Duz
- School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonUK
| | - Alastair Foote
- Department of Rossdales LaboratoriesRossdales Equine Hospital and Diagnositc CentreNewmarketUK
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Martabano BB, Dow S, Chow L, Williams MMV, Mack MK, Bellone R, Wotman KL. Intralesional interferon alpha-2b as a novel treatment for periocular squamous cell carcinoma in horses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297366. [PMID: 38381740 PMCID: PMC10881003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and efficacy of perilesional human recombinant interferon alpha-2b (IFNα2b) for treatment of periocular squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) in horses. ANIMALS STUDIED Eleven horses (12 eyes) with PSCC were enrolled in this prospective clinical study with owner consent. PROCEDURES Systemically healthy horses were included in the study following confirmation of PSCC via biopsy. Every two weeks for a maximum of six treatments, horses were sedated and perilesional injection of IFNα2b (10 million IU) was performed. Tumors were measured prior to each injection and at one, three, and 12 months after treatment completion. A greater than 50% reduction in tumor size was considered positive response to treatment (i.e., partial or complete response). Development of anti-IFNα2b antibodies was assessed using serum samples obtained after treatment initiation and compared with treatment responses. Antibody concentrations were analyzed using a mixed model. Statistical significance was considered p < 0.05. RESULTS Each horse received four to six perilesional injections of IFNα2b. Five of 12 eyes (4/11 horses) responded to treatment. Two of five eyes showed complete resolution of gross PSCC. No systemic adverse effects were seen. Local swelling occurred during treatment protocol in 6/11 horses but resolved without intervention. All horses developed serum anti-IFNα2b antibodies. There was no evidence of statistical difference in antibody concentration between responders and non-responders. CONCLUSIONS Perilesional administration of IFNα2b was found to be well-tolerated in horses with PSCC, and induced tumor regression in 42% of treated eyes. Treatment failure appears unrelated to the development of IFNα2b antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany B. Martabano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Margaret M. V. Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Maura K. Mack
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Bellone
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory and Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L. Wotman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Malalana F. Corneal neoplasia in horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Malalana
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Neston UK
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Abu-Seida AM, Wafy MN, Hassan EA, Ahmed KA. Gigantic Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mixed With Fibrosarcoma in a Mare: Clinical, Laboratory, Ultrasonography and Histopathology Findings. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 102:103639. [PMID: 34119206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ocular neoplasms represent 10% of all equine neoplasms and ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common one. This report describes the clinical presentation, laboratory, ultrasonography, postmortem, histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings of a mixed ocular neoplasm in a 10-year-old draft mare. The mare had a one-year history of left ocular mass. Complete destruction of the left eye with loss of vision was observed. A large ulcerated mass oozing blood replaced the left eye. Left parotid lymph node was swollen and had a sinus tract discharging pus. Ultrasonography revealed absence of all intraocular structures, several lobular echogenic tissues and several hyperechoic areas of ossification with acoustic shadowing. Color Doppler scanning revealed numerous neovascularization all over the tumor, particularly along the periphery. The neovascularization demonstrated mainly arterial with few mixed blood flow signals. The amplitude of systolic and diastolic blood flow was markedly increased. Enucleation was decided but the mare died just after examination. The ocular mass was excised and its weight was 390 g. Postmortem examination revealed no distant metastasis in all internal organs. Histopathology confirmed OSCC mixed with fibrosarcoma and associated with cartilaginous and osseous metaplasia. The neoplastic cells gave positive nuclear p53 immunoreactivity. The left parotid lymph node revealed metastasis. Despite the unsuccessful outcome in this particular case, this report documents a mixed eye neoplasm, highlights the ultrasonography and histopathology features of OSCC, and reinforces the need for early diagnosis and surgical treatment in such cases to improve the outcome and to decrease the drastic complications and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Abu-Seida
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO: 12211, Egypt.
| | - Mona N Wafy
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO: 12211, Egypt
| | - Elham A Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO: 12211, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Brocca G, Centelleghe C, Padoan E, Stoppini R, Giudice C, Castagnaro M, Zappulli V. Case Report of a Mare Diagnosed with a Metastatic Mammary Carcinoma after the Excision of a Recurrent Intraocular Neuroepithelial Tumor. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122409. [PMID: 33339329 PMCID: PMC7765899 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This case report describes the unusual presentation of two rare tumors in a mare diagnosed over a short period of time (9 months), affecting the eye and the mammary gland, with a relapse of the ocular tumor presenting histological features that cannot be attributed to any specific neoplastic entity. In the study, we describe the in vivo diagnosis and treatment of the neuroepithelial intraocular tumor and the post mortem detection of a metastatic malignant mammary carcinoma. Abstract A 24-year-old Irish Cob mare was presented with a peripheral iris mass, which was surgically resected and diagnosed as an undifferentiated neuroepithelial tumor. A few months later, a relapse occurred with histological features characterized by a more solid appearance and squamous differentiation. Subsequently, the mare was presented with rapidly spreading multiple subcutaneous masses and, at the onset of neurological signs, was humanely euthanized and subjected to a complete post mortem examination. The necropsy confirmed the presence of numerous widespread masses in the subcutaneous tissue, several internal organs, and mammary gland. Histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) examinations were performed on all masses, allowing the diagnosis of mammary carcinoma with several visceral and subcutaneous metastases. Considering the post mortem findings, the second intraocular mass was submitted to histological and IHC re-evaluation to differentiate it from an intraocular metastasis of the mammary carcinoma. The results of the histological and IHC analyses confirmed the diagnosis of neuroepithelial tumor relapse. This is the first case of a metastatic mammary carcinoma concurrent with a recurrent intraocular neuroepithelial tumor in a mare. This case was a challenge for both clinicians and pathologists involved and highlighted the importance of post mortem and IHC evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Brocca
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (M.C.); (V.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (M.C.); (V.Z.)
| | - Elisa Padoan
- Equine Veterinary Practitioner, Chioggia, 30015 Venice, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Stoppini
- Consultant in Equine Ophthalmology, Lonato del Garda, 25017 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Massimo Castagnaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (M.C.); (V.Z.)
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (M.C.); (V.Z.)
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Dawson C. A problem‐based approach to the ‘red eye’. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Dawson
- Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
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Jeanes EC, Koll‐Hampp S, Dawson C, Dunkel B, Tetas Pont R. Rhomboid blepharoplasty and cryotherapy for the treatment of a squamous cell carcinoma on the lower eyelid in a horse. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:40-46. [PMID: 30656005 PMCID: PMC6333075 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A rhomboid blepharoplasty can be used to achieve functional and cosmetic eyelid reconstruction at the medial canthus in the horse. Combination of a rhomboid blepharoplasty with cryotherapy is a treatment option for eyelid ocular squamous cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Jeanes
- Centre for Small Animal StudiesAnimal Health TrustNewmarket, SuffolkUK
| | - Sarah Koll‐Hampp
- Queen Mother Hospital for AnimalsRoyal Veterinary CollegeNorth Mymms, HertfordshireUK
| | - Charlotte Dawson
- Queen Mother Hospital for AnimalsRoyal Veterinary CollegeNorth Mymms, HertfordshireUK
| | - Bettina Dunkel
- Equine HospitalRoyal Veterinary CollegeNorth Mymms, HertfordshireUK
| | - Roser Tetas Pont
- Queen Mother Hospital for AnimalsRoyal Veterinary CollegeNorth Mymms, HertfordshireUK
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Miglio A, Antognoni MT, Morelli C, Gialletti R. Third Eyelid T-cell-Rich Large B-cell Lymphoma Positive to EHV-5 in a Mare—a Case Report. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Poore L, Smit Y, Duncan N, Williams J. Surgical resection of a squamous cell carcinoma in the perianal region of a 25‐year‐old crossbred American Paint gelding using sharp surgical excision, laser excision and chemotherapy. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Poore
- The Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
| | - Y. Smit
- The Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
| | - N. Duncan
- Section of Pathology Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
| | - J. Williams
- Section of Pathology Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
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Arnold C, Dreher I, Grammel T, Schusser GF. Immunotherapy of a squamous cell carcinoma in the perianal region using autologous dendritic cells in a horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Arnold
- Department of Large Animal Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - I. Dreher
- Veterinary Hospital Dr. Thomas Grammel; Osterode am Harz Germany
| | - T. Grammel
- Veterinary Hospital Dr. Thomas Grammel; Osterode am Harz Germany
| | - G. F. Schusser
- Department of Large Animal Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Pucket
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater USA
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12
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Lassaline M, Wilkie DA. Clinical equine ophthalmology: The current state of the art. Equine Vet J 2015; 47:251-3. [PMID: 25894301 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lassaline
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, USA
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