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Freitas MS, Pereira AHB, Pereira GO, Menezes IS, Lucena AR, Almeida CRF, Pereira EG, Santos LA, Tozin LRS, Alves FM, Macedo AL, Silva DB, Ubiali DG. Acetogenin-induced fibrotic heart disease from avocado (Persea americana, Lauraceae) poisoning in horses. Toxicon 2022; 219:106921. [PMID: 36122667 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Poisoning by avocado (Persea americana) has been confirmed in sheep, goats, dogs, rabbits and ostriches. The clinical signs and lesions are attributed to the acetogenin, persin. Little is known regarding the epidemiology, clinical signs, lesions and therapy caused by acetogenin-induced heart damage. During the two-year study, we investigated a horse farm with six horses that often fed themselves with P. americana leaves or mature fruit pulp and skin on the ground. Two horses died, and one underwent necropsy, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry using the anti-cardiac troponin C (cTnC). Grossly and histopathologically, there was severe cardiac fibroplasia. Immunohistochemically, there was a multifocal decrease or negative expression in the cTnC cardiomyocytes' cytoplasm. Persea americana leaves were confirmed in the alimentary tract using botanical anatomy and molecular techniques. The chemical investigation by (LC-ESI-MS) revealed the presence of the acetogenins, persin and avocadene 1-acetate from P. americana. Persin was present in leaves and fruits (seed and pulp), while avocadene 1-acetate was found in leaves and fruits (seed, peel, and pulp) with a higher concentration in the pulp. Four other horses have been examined by electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and serum Troponin 1 (cTnI). To establish a causal effect of consumption of P. Americana and heart fibroplasia in horses, long-time experiments must be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Freitas
- Anatomical Pathology Sector (SAP), Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRuralRJ), Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Asheley H B Pereira
- Anatomical Pathology Sector (SAP), Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRuralRJ), Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela O Pereira
- Anatomical Pathology Sector (SAP), Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRuralRJ), Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Islaine S Menezes
- Anatomical Pathology Sector (SAP), Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRuralRJ), Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Alessandra R Lucena
- Clincardio Veterinary Cardiology, Américas Avenue 7700, 121 Shopping Barra Mall, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, 22793081, Brazil
| | - Carolina R F Almeida
- Brazilian Jockey Club, Praça Santos Dumont, 31, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz R S Tozin
- Plant Anatomy Research Laboratory (LaPAV), Department of Botany, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences (ICBS), UFRuralRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávio M Alves
- Botany Laboratory / Herbarium (CGMS) Institute of Biosciences (INBIO), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Brazil
| | - Arthur L Macedo
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Denise B Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Ubiali
- Anatomical Pathology Sector (SAP), Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRuralRJ), Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil.
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INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF SERUM BIOMARKERS FOR THE DETECTION OF CARDIAC DISEASE IN MARINE MAMMALS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2022; 53:373-382. [PMID: 35758579 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac disease has been extensively documented in marine mammals; however, it remains difficult to diagnose antemortem. Assays measuring cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are used as sensitive and specific biomarkers of cardiac disease in many species, but have not been widely investigated in marine mammals. This study aimed to provide a set of reference values for cTnI and NT-proBNP in belugas (BW) (Delphinapterus leucas), sea otters (SO) (Enhydra lutris), Steller sea lions (SSL) (Eumetopias jubatus), and California sea lions (CSL) (Zalophus californianus) with and without cardiac disease, and to determine if these biomarkers are useful indicators of cardiac disease in these species. First, existing immunoassays for cTnI and NT-proBNP were successfully validated utilizing species-specific heart lysate spiked serum. Cohorts were defined by histopathology as animals with no evidence of cardiac disease ("control"), with confirmed cardiac disease ("disease"), and with concurrent renal and cardiac disease ("renal") for which serum samples were then analyzed. Serum concentration ranges for cTnI (ng/ml) and NT-proBNP (pmol/L) were determined for control and disease cohorts. There was significantly higher cTnI (P= 0.003) and NT-proBNP (P= 0.004) concentrations in the CSL disease cohort, as well as positive trends in BW, SO, and SSL disease cohorts that did not reach statistical significance. NT-proBNP concentrations were significantly higher in the CSL renal cohort compared with the control (P < 0.001) and disease (P= 0.007) cohorts. These results suggest that cTnI and NT-proBNP may be clinically useful in the antemortem diagnosis of cardiac disease in CSL, and warrant further investigation in BW, SO, and SL.
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Hurcombe SDA, Radcliffe RM, Cook VL, Divers TJ. The pathophysiology of uncontrolled hemorrhage in horses. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2022; 32:63-71. [PMID: 35044067 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic shock in horses may be classified in several ways. Hemorrhage may be considered internal versus external, controlled or uncontrolled, or described based on the severity of hypovolemic shock the patient is experiencing. Regardless of the cause, as the severity of hemorrhage worsens, homeostatic responses are stimulated to ameliorate the systemic and local effects of an oxygen debt. In mild to moderate cases of hemorrhage (<15% blood volume loss), physiological adaptations in the patient may not be clinically apparent. As hemorrhage worsens, often in the uncontrolled situation such as a vascular breach internally, the pathophysiological consequences are numerous. The patient mobilizes fluid and reserve blood volume, notably splenic stored and peripherally circulating erythrocytes, to preferentially supply oxygen to sensitive organs such as the brain and heart. When the global and local delivery of oxygen is insufficient to meet the metabolic needs of the tissues, a cascade of cellular, tissue, and organ dysfunction occurs. If left untreated, the patient dies of hemorrhagic anemic shock. CLINICAL IMPORTANCE An understanding of the pathophysiological consequences of hemorrhagic shock in horses and their clinical manifestations may help the practitioner understand the severity of blood volume loss, the need for referral, the need for transfusion, and potential outcome. In cases of severe acute uncontrolled hemorrhage, it is essential to recognize the clinical manifestations quickly to best treat the patient, which may include humane euthanasia. KEY POINTS Uncontrolled hemorrhage may be defined as the development of a vascular breach and hemorrhage that cannot be controlled by interventional hemostasis methods such as external pressure, tourniquet, or ligation. Causes of uncontrolled hemorrhage in horses may be due to non-surgical trauma, surgical trauma, invasive diagnostic procedures including percutaneous organ biopsy, coagulopathy, hypertension, cardiovascular anomaly, vascular damage, neoplasia such as hemangiosarcoma, toxicity, or idiopathic in nature. When a critical volume of blood is lost, the respondent changes in heart rate, splenic blood mobilization, and microcirculatory control can no longer compensate for decreasing oxygen delivery to the tissues In spite of organ-specific microvascular responses (eg, myogenic responses, local mediator modulation of microvasculature, etc), all organs experience decreases in blood flow during severe hypovolemia Acute, fatal hemorrhagic shock is characterized by progressive metabolic acidosis, coagulopathy, and hypothermia, often termed the "triad of death," followed by circulatory collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D A Hurcombe
- Emergency Surgery and Medicine, Cornell Ruffian Equine Specialists, Elmont, New York, USA
| | - Rolfe M Radcliffe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Vanessa L Cook
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas J Divers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Hellings IR, Krontveit R, Øverlie M, Kallmyr A, Holm T, Fintl C. Pre- and post-race serum cardiac troponin T concentrations in Standardbred racehorses. Vet J 2020; 256:105433. [PMID: 32113587 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Elevated cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentrations may provide evidence of myocardial injury but physiological post-exercise release also occurs. Reference intervals are not fully established in horses making interpretation difficult. The aims of this study were to establish an upper reference limit for serum cTnT, compare pre-and post-race serum cTnT concentrations, and to evaluate factors that may influence these in a population of healthy, race-fit Standardbred racehorses. Serum samples were collected pre- (n = 108) and 1-2 h post-racing (n = 101) and analysed using a high sensitivity-cTnT assay. Reference limits with 90% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by non-parametric methods using the bootstrap method. Effects of sex, age, racing speed, distance, placings and track surface were assessed by fitting generalized linear models with an identity link function and inverse Gaussian distribution. The upper reference limit for serum cTnT concentration was 27.4 ng/L (90% CI 13.1-32.0). The median serum cTnT concentration was significantly higher 1-2 h post-racing compared to pre-racing (P < 0.001). Age and sex did not significantly affect serum cTnT concentrations pre-racing (P = 0.5 and P = 0.11). Cardiac troponin T concentrations were significantly higher post-racing in females (P = 0.018). Racing speed and placings had no effect on serum cTnT concentrations post-race (P = 0.71 and P = 0.66). The study contributed towards establishing an upper reference limit for serum cTnT concentrations in a population of race-fit Standardbreds and evaluated factors that may have influenced the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Hellings
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Post Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | - R Krontveit
- Norwegian Medicine Agency, Post Box 240 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - M Øverlie
- Rikstotoklinikken Bjerke, Post Box 194 Økern, 0510 Oslo, Norway
| | - A Kallmyr
- Rikstotoklinikken Bjerke, Post Box 194 Økern, 0510 Oslo, Norway
| | - T Holm
- Evidensia Lørenskog Dyreklinikk, Solheimveien 56, 1473 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - C Fintl
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Post Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Despite advances, increased convenience, and availability of echocardiography and other diagnostic techniques in equine cardiology, a comprehensive history and clinical examination still forms the essential first step in any cardiac evaluation. This article summarizes the approach to the cardiac examination at rest, highlighting key areas for the clinician to assess, and stressing the importance of context for assessing the significance of any abnormalities detected. Ancillary techniques, such as blood pressure measurement and the laboratory assessment of cardiac disease in the horse, are also introduced.
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Gunther-Harrington CT, Arthur R, Estell K, Martinez Lopez B, Sinnott A, Ontiveros E, Varga A, Stern JA. Prospective pre- and post-race evaluation of biochemical, electrophysiologic, and echocardiographic indices in 30 racing thoroughbred horses that received furosemide. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:18. [PMID: 29347921 PMCID: PMC5774161 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise induced cardiac fatigue (EICF) and cardiac dysrhythmias are well described conditions identified in high-level human athletes that increase in frequency with intensity and duration of exercise. Identification of these conditions requires an understanding of normal pre- and post-race cardiac assessment values. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize selected indices of cardiac function, electrophysiologic parameters, and biochemical markers of heart dysfunction prior to and immediately after high level racing in Thoroughbred horses receiving furosemide; and (2) create pre- and post-race reference values in order to make recommendations on possible screening practices for this population in the future. Results Thirty Thoroughbred horses were enrolled in the study with an age range of 3–6 years. All horses received furosemide prior to racing. Physical exams, ECGs, and echocardiograms were performed prior to racing (T0) and within 30–60 min following the race (T1). Blood samples were obtained at T0, T1, 4 h post-race (T4) and 24 h after the race (T24). Electrolytes, hematocrit, cardiac troponin I, and partial pressure CO2 values were obtained at all time points. Heart rate was significantly increased post-race compared to baseline value with a median difference of 49 bpm, 95% CI [31,58],(P < 0.0001). No dysrhythmias were noted during ECG assessment. Following the race, an increase in number of horses demonstrating regurgitation through the aorta and AV valves was noted. Systolic function measured by fractional shortening increased significantly with a mean difference of 7.9%, 95% CI [4.8, 10.9], (P < 0.0001). Cardiac troponin I was not different at pre- and immediately post-race time points, but was significantly increased at T4 (P < 0.001). Troponin returned to baseline value by T24. Conclusions This study utilized a before and after study design where each horse served as its own control, as such the possible effect of regression to the mean cannot be ruled out. The reference intervals generated in this study may be used to identify selected echocardiographic and electrocardiographic abnormalities in racing horses receiving furosemide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine T Gunther-Harrington
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Rick Arthur
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Krista Estell
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH), University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Present Address: Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Leesburg, VA, 20176, USA
| | - Beatriz Martinez Lopez
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling And Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alexandra Sinnott
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Eric Ontiveros
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Anita Varga
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH), University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Present Address: Gold Coast Veterinary Service & Consulting, Esparto, CA, 95627, USA
| | - Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Shields E, Seiden-Long I, Massie S, Leguillette R. 24-Hour Kinetics of Cardiac Troponin-T Using a "High-Sensitivity" Assay in Thoroughbred Chuckwagon Racing Geldings after Race and Associated Clinical Sampling Guidelines. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:433-440. [PMID: 29171090 PMCID: PMC5787185 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A “high‐sensitivity” cardiac troponin‐T (hscTnT) assay recently has been validated for use in horses and is a specific biomarker of myocardial damage. Postexercise release kinetics of cTnT utilizing the hscTnT assay have yet to be established in horses. Objectives To determine: (1) cTnT release kinetics in racing Thoroughbreds after a high‐intensity 5/8th mile Chuckwagon race; (2) the effects of age on pre‐ and postrace cTnT concentrations; and (3) sampling guidelines for clinicians evaluating horses presenting after exercise. Animals Samples were obtained from 38 Thoroughbred geldings aged 5–16 years before racing and immediately, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hour postrace. Methods Prospective, observational study with convenience sampling. A fifth‐generation hscTnT assay was used for plasma sample analysis, and concentrations were compared at all time‐points. Correlations were determined between cTnT concentrations and age. Biochemistry analysis was performed to assess rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and exercise‐induced dehydration. Results All horses with measureable cTnT concentrations had significant postexercise increases in cTnT with a median peak (8.0 ng/L) at 3‐hour postrace. All horses had peak postexercise cTnT concentrations 2‐ to 6‐hour postrace ≤ the 99th percentile upper reference limit of 23.2 ng/L, after which all cTnT concentrations decreased until returning to baseline by 12–24 hours. There was no correlation over time between cTnT concentrations and age. Conclusions and Clinical Importance In racing Thoroughbreds completing short‐duration, high‐intensity Chuckwagon races, cTnT concentrations are expected to be increased 2‐ to 6‐hour postrace and to decrease by 12–24 hours while remaining ≤23.2 ng/L throughout. This study contributes to establishing guidelines for clinical use of the hscTnT assay in exercising horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shields
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UCVM), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - I Seiden-Long
- Faculty of Medicine and Calgary Lab Services (CLS), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Massie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UCVM), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R Leguillette
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UCVM), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Wijnberg I, Franklin S. The heart remains the core: cardiac causes of poor performance in horses compared to human athletes. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3920/cep170012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodelling occurs in response to exercise and is generally beneficial for athletic performance due to the increase in cardiac output. However, this remodelling also may lead to an increased prevalence of cardiac murmurs and arrhythmias. In most cases, these are not considered to be significant. However, in some cases, there may be potentially deleterious consequences. Whilst sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a rare occurrence, the consequences are catastrophic for both the horse and potentially the rider or driver. Furthermore, the sudden death of a horse in the public arena has negative connotations in regards to public perception of welfare during equestrian sports. Prediction of which individuals might be susceptible to potential deleterious effects of exercise is a focus of interest in both human and equine athletes but remains a challenge because many athletes experience cardiac murmurs and exercise-induced arrhythmias that are clinically irrelevant. This review summarises the effects of exercise on cardiac remodelling in the horse and the potential effects on athletic performance and SCD. The use of biomarkers and their future potential in the management of athletic horses is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.D. Wijnberg
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S.H. Franklin
- Equine Health and Performance Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Castro Martins M, Bathe AP, Marr CM. Pneumopericardium associated with blunt thoracic trauma in an adult horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. P. Bathe
- Rossdales Equine Hospital and Diagnostic Centre; Newmarket UK
| | - C. M. Marr
- Rossdales Equine Hospital and Diagnostic Centre; Newmarket UK
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Shields E, Seiden-Long I, Massie S, Passante S, Leguillette R. Analytical validation and establishment of reference intervals for a 'high-sensitivity' cardiac troponin-T assay in horses. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:104. [PMID: 27296016 PMCID: PMC4906598 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac troponin-I assays have been validated in horses.'High-sensitivity' cardiac troponin assays are now the standard in human cardiology. OBJECTIVE Appropriately validate the'high-sensitivity' cardiac Troponin-T (hscTnT) assay for clinical use in horses, establish reference intervals, determine the biological variation, and demonstrate assay utility in selected clinical cases. METHODS Analytical validation of the Roche hscTnT assay included within- and between-run precision, linear dose response, limit of quantitation (LoQ), stability, and comparison with cTn-I (iSTAT). Reference intervals and biological variation were determined using adult, healthy, Non-Competition Horses (N = 125) and Racing-Thoroughbreds (N = 178). HscTnT levels were measured in two horses with cardiac pathology. RESULTS The hscTnT demonstrates acceptable within-run (L1 = 6.5 ng/L, CV 14.9 %, L2 = 10.1 ng/L, CV 8.7 %, L3 = 15.3 ng/L, CV 5.4 %) and between-run precision (L1 = 12.2 ng/L, CV 8.4 %, L2 = 57.0 ng/L, CV 8.4 %, L3 = 256.0 ng/L, CV 9.0 %). The assay was linear from 3 to 391 ng/L. The LoQ was validated at 3 ng/L. Samples demonstrated insignificant decay over freeze-thaw cycle. Comparison with cTnI assay showed excellent correlation (range: 8.0-3535.0 ng/L, R(2) = 0.9996). Reference intervals: The upper 95(th) and 99(th) percentile of the hscTnT population distribution were 6.8 and 16.2 ng/L in Non-Competition Horses, and 14.0 and 23.2 ng/L in Racing-Thoroughbreds. Between-breed, diurnal effect, and between-day variation was below LoQ. Two clinical cases with presumed cardiac pathology had hscTnT levels of 220.9 ng/L and 5723.0 ng/L. CONCLUSIONS This benchmark study is the first to comply with CLSI guidelines, thus further establishing the performance characteristics of the hscTnT assay, and reference intervals in healthy horses. Two clinical cases demonstrated further the clinical utility of the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shields
- University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UCVM), 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4 N1, AB, Canada
| | - I Seiden-Long
- Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine and Calgary Lab Services (CLS), Room C618B, 1403-29th St. NW, Calgary, T2N 2 T9, AB, Canada
| | - S Massie
- University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UCVM), 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4 N1, AB, Canada
| | - S Passante
- University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UCVM), 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4 N1, AB, Canada
| | - R Leguillette
- University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UCVM), 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4 N1, AB, Canada.
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Lester SJ, Mollat WH, Bryant JE. Overview of Clinical Pathology and the Horse. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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