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Luo Y, Goh SP, Li D, Gonzaga MO, Santos AJ, Tanikawa A, Yoshida H, Haddad CR, May-Collado LJ, Gregorič M, Turk E, Kuntner M, Agnarsson I. Global Diversification of Anelosimus Spiders Driven by Long-Distance Overwater Dispersal and Neogene Climate Oscillations. Syst Biol 2021; 69:1122-1136. [PMID: 32170955 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vicariance and dispersal events, combined with intricate global climatic history, have left an imprint on the spatiotemporal distribution and diversity of many organisms. Anelosimus cobweb spiders (Theridiidae), are organisms ranging in behavior from solitary to highly social, with a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate to tropical areas. Their evolutionary history and the discontinuous distribution of species richness suggest that 1) long-distance overwater dispersal and 2) climate change during the Neogene (23-2.6 Ma), may be major factors in explaining their distribution and diversification. Here, we test these hypotheses, and explicitly test if global Miocene/Pliocene climatic cooling in the last 8 Ma affected Anelosimus radiation in parallel in South America and Madagascar. To do so, we investigate the phylogeny and spatiotemporal biogeography of Anelosimus through a culmination of a 20-year comprehensive global sampling at the species level (69 species, including 84% of the known 75 species worldwide, represented by 268 individuals) using nucleotide data from seven loci (5.5 kb). Our results strongly support the monophyly of Anelosimus with an Oligocene ($\sim $30 Ma) South American origin. Major clades on other continents originate via multiple, long-distance dispersal events, of solitary or subsocial-but not social-lineages, from the Americas. These intercontinental dispersals were to Africa, Madagascar (twice), and SE Asia/Australasia. The early diversification of Anelosimus spiders coincides with a sudden thermal increase in the late Oligocene ($\sim $27-25 Ma), though no causal connection can be made. Our results, however, strongly support the hypothesis that global Neogene climatic cooling in the last 8 Ma drove Anelosimus radiation in parallel in South America and Madagascar, offering a rare empirical evidence for diversification of a socially diverse group driven by an interplay between long-distance dispersal and global Neogene climatic changes. [Cobweb spiders; diversification; global biogeography; long-distance dispersal; molecular phylogenetics; neogene climate changes; sociality; vicariance.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufa Luo
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0086, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Seok P Goh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Daiqin Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Marcelo O Gonzaga
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Adalberto J Santos
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Akio Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Biodiversity Science, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | - Charles R Haddad
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Laura J May-Collado
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0086, USA
| | - Matjaž Gregorič
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory, Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Eva Turk
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory, Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Kuntner
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory, Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.,Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.,Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ingi Agnarsson
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0086, USA.,Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Boyd OF, Philips TK, Johnson JR, Nixon JJ. Geographically structured genetic diversity in the cave beetle Darlingtonea kentuckensis Valentine, 1952 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini, Trechina). SUBTERRANEAN BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.34.46348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cave beetles of the eastern USA are one of many poorly studied groups of insects and nearly all previous work delimiting species is based solely on morphology. This study assesses genetic diversity in the monotypic cave carabid beetle genus DarlingtoneaValentine 1952, to test the relationship between putative geographical barriers to subterranean dispersal and the boundaries of genetically distinct groups. Approximately 400bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was sequenced from up to four individuals from each of 27 populations, sampled from caves along the escarpments of the Mississippian and Cumberland plateaus in eastern Kentucky, USA. The 81 individuals sequenced yielded 28 unique haplotypes. Hierarchical analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) within and among geographically defined groups tested two a priori hypotheses of structure based on major and minor river drainages, as well as genetic distance clusters defined a posteriori from an unrooted analysis. High genetic differentiation (FST) between populations was found across analyses. The influence of isolation by distance could potentially account for much but not all of the variation found among geographically defined groups at both levels. High variability among the three northernmost genetic clusters (FCT), low variability among populations within clusters (FSC), and low within-cluster Mantel correlations indicate the importance of unidentified likely intra-karst barriers to gene flow separating closely grouped cave populations. Overall phylogeographic patterns are consistent with previous evidence of population isolation among cave systems in the region, revealing geographically structured cryptic diversity in Darlingtonea over its distribution. The landscape features considered a priori in this study were not predictive of the genetic breaks among the three northern clusters, which are genetically distinct despite their close geographic proximity.
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Katz AD, Taylor SJ, Davis MA. At the confluence of vicariance and dispersal: Phylogeography of cavernicolous springtails (Collembola: Arrhopalitidae, Tomoceridae) codistributed across a geologically complex karst landscape in Illinois and Missouri. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:10306-10325. [PMID: 30397468 PMCID: PMC6206200 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes of vicariance and dispersal are central to our understanding of diversification, yet determining the factors that influence these processes remains a significant challenge in evolutionary biology. Caves offer ideal systems for examining the mechanisms underlying isolation, divergence, and speciation. Intrinsic ecological differences among cavernicolous organisms, such as the degree of cave dependence, are thought to be major factors influencing patterns of genetic isolation in caves. Using a comparative phylogeographic approach, we employed mitochondrial and nuclear markers to assess the evolutionary history of two ecologically distinct groups of terrestrial cave-dwelling springtails (Collembola) in the genera Pygmarrhopalites (Arrhopalitidae) and Pogonognathellus (Tomoceridae) that are codistributed in caves throughout the Salem Plateau-a once continuous karst region, now bisected by the Mississippi River Valley in Illinois and Missouri. Contrasting phylogeographic patterns recovered for troglobiotic Pygmarrhopalites sp. and eutroglophilic Pogonognathellus sp. suggests that obligate associations with cave habitats can restrict dispersal across major geographic barriers such as rivers and valleys, but may also facilitate subterranean dispersal between neighboring cave systems. Pygmarrhopalites sp. populations spanning the Mississippi River Valley were estimated to have diverged 2.9-4.8 Ma, which we attribute to vicariance resulting from climatic and geological processes involved in Mississippi River Valley formation beginning during the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene. Lastly, we conclude that the detection of many deeply divergent, morphologically cryptic, and microendemic lineages highlights our poor understanding of microarthropod diversity in caves and exposes potential conservation concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron D. Katz
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Illinois Natural History SurveyPrairie Research InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Steven J. Taylor
- Illinois Natural History SurveyPrairie Research InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
- Present address:
Office of General StudiesColorado CollegeColorado SpringsColoradoUSA
| | - Mark A. Davis
- Illinois Natural History SurveyPrairie Research InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
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4
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Ballarin F, Li S. Diversification in tropics and subtropics following the mid-Miocene climate change: A case study of the spider genus Nesticella. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:e577-e591. [PMID: 29055169 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Caves may offer suitable refugia for troglophilic invertebrates during periods of unfavourable climatic conditions because of their stable microclimates. As a consequence, allopatric divergence from their epigean counterparts may occur, leading to formation of truly hypogean communities (the Climatic Relict Hypothesis). Unlike the well-studied effects of Pleistocene glaciations, we know little about how ancient climate changes drove the development of cave-dwelling organisms living at both middle and lower latitudes. We investigate the evolutionary history of the troglophilic spider genus Nesticella (Araneae, Nesticidae) in relation to Asian Neogene (23-2.6 Ma) climatic changes. Our analyses discern clear differences in the evolution of the two main clades of Nesticella, which occur in temperate/subtropical and tropical latitudes. Eastern Asian Nesticella gradually evolved greater sedentariness and a strict subterranean lifestyle starting from the middle Miocene Epoch (~15-14 Ma) in conjunction with the progressive deterioration of the climate and vegetational shifts. Caves appear to have acted as refugia because of their internally uniform temperature and humidity, which allowed these spiders to survive increasing external seasonality and habitat loss. In contrast, a uniform accumulation of lineages, long-lasting times for dispersals and the lack of a comparable habitat shifting characterized the tropical lineage. This difference in pattern likely owes to the mild effects of climate change at low latitudes and the consequent lack of strong climatic drivers in tropical environments. Thus, the mid-Miocene climatic shift appears to be the major evolutionary force shaping the ecological differences between Asian troglophilic invertebrates and the driver of the permanent hypogean communities in middle latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ballarin
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
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Lundberg JG, Hendrickson DA, Luckenbill KR, Mariangeles AH. Satan's skeleton revealed: a tomographic and comparative osteology of Satan eurystomus, the subterranean Widemouth Blindcat (Siluriformes, Ictaluridae). PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1635/053.165.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John G. Lundberg
- Department of Ichthyology, The Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, 19103-1195 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dean A. Hendrickson
- University of Texas Austin, Department of Integrative Biology, Biodiversity Collections (Texas Natural History Collections), 10100 Burnet Rd., PRC176 EAST/R4000, Austin, Texas 78758-4445 USA
| | - Kyle R. Luckenbill
- Department of Ichthyology, The Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, 19103-1195 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arce H Mariangeles
- Department of Ichthyology, The Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, 19103-1195 Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Niemiller ML, Porter ML, Keany J, Gilbert H, Fong DW, Culver DC, Hobson CS, Kendall KD, Davis MA, Taylor SJ. Evaluation of eDNA for groundwater invertebrate detection and monitoring: a case study with endangered Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae). CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-017-0785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Environmental DNA in subterranean biology: range extension and taxonomic implications for Proteus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45054. [PMID: 28345609 PMCID: PMC5366867 DOI: 10.1038/srep45054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Europe’s obligate cave-dwelling amphibian Proteus anguinus inhabits subterranean waters of the north-western Balkan Peninsula. Because only fragments of its habitat are accessible to humans, this endangered salamander’s exact distribution has been difficult to establish. Here we introduce a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction-based environmental DNA (eDNA) approach to detect the presence of Proteus using water samples collected from karst springs, wells or caves. In a survey conducted along the southern limit of its known range, we established a likely presence of Proteus at seven new sites, extending its range to Montenegro. Next, using specific molecular probes to discriminate the rare black morph of Proteus from the closely related white morph, we detected its eDNA at five new sites, thus more than doubling the known number of sites. In one of these we found both black and white Proteus eDNA together. This finding suggests that the two morphs may live in contact with each other in the same body of groundwater and that they may be reproductively isolated species. Our results show that the eDNA approach is suitable and efficient in addressing questions in biogeography, evolution, taxonomy and conservation of the cryptic subterranean fauna.
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8
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Arce-H. M, Lundberg JG, O'Leary MA. Phylogeny of the North American catfish family Ictaluridae (Teleostei: Siluriformes) combining morphology, genes and fossils. Cladistics 2016; 33:406-428. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangeles Arce-H.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY USA
- Ichthyology Department; The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - John G. Lundberg
- Ichthyology Department; The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Maureen A. O'Leary
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY USA
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9
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Armbruster JW, Niemiller ML, Hart PB. Morphological Evolution of the Cave-, Spring-, and Swampfishes of the Amblyopsidae (Percopsiformes). COPEIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1643/ci-15-339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Edgington HA, Ingram CM, Taylor DR. Cyto-nuclear discordance suggests complex evolutionary history in the cave-dwelling salamander, Eurycea lucifuga. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6121-38. [PMID: 27648230 PMCID: PMC5016636 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the evolutionary history and ecology of cave‐associated species has been driven historically by studies of morphologically adapted cave‐restricted species. Our understanding of the evolutionary history and ecology of nonrestricted cave species, troglophiles, is limited to a few studies, which present differing accounts of troglophiles’ relationship with the cave habitat, and its impact on population dynamics. Here, we used phylogenetics, demographic statistics, and population genetic methods to study lineage divergence, dates of divergence, and population structure in the Cave Salamander, Eurycea lucifuga, across its range. In order to perform these analyses, we sampled 233 individuals from 49 populations, using sequence data from three gene loci as well as genotyping data from 19 newly designed microsatellite markers. We find, as in many other species studied in a phylogeographic context, discordance between patterns inferred from mitochondrial relationships and those inferred by nuclear markers indicating a complicated evolutionary history in this species. Our results suggest Pleistocene‐based divergence among three main lineages within E. lucifuga corresponding to the western, central, and eastern regions of the range, similar to patterns seen in species separated in multiple refugia during climatic shifts. The conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear patterns is consistent with what we would expect from secondary contact between regional populations following expansion from multiple refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Edgington
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Toronto ON Canada; Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Colleen M Ingram
- Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia; Division of Vertebrate Biology American Museum of Natural History New York City New York
| | - Douglas R Taylor
- Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia
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Christman MC, Doctor DH, Niemiller ML, Weary DJ, Young JA, Zigler KS, Culver DC. Predicting the Occurrence of Cave-Inhabiting Fauna Based on Features of the Earth Surface Environment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160408. [PMID: 27532611 PMCID: PMC4988700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most challenging fauna to study in situ is the obligate cave fauna because of the difficulty of sampling. Cave-limited species display patchy and restricted distributions, but it is often unclear whether the observed distribution is a sampling artifact or a true restriction in range. Further, the drivers of the distribution could be local environmental conditions, such as cave humidity, or they could be associated with surface features that are surrogates for cave conditions. If surface features can be used to predict the distribution of important cave taxa, then conservation management is more easily obtained. We examined the hypothesis that the presence of major faunal groups of cave obligate species could be predicted based on features of the earth surface. Georeferenced records of cave obligate amphipods, crayfish, fish, isopods, beetles, millipedes, pseudoscorpions, spiders, and springtails within the area of Appalachian Landscape Conservation Cooperative in the eastern United States (Illinois to Virginia and New York to Alabama) were assigned to 20 x 20 km grid cells. Habitat suitability for these faunal groups was modeled using logistic regression with twenty predictor variables within each grid cell, such as percent karst, soil features, temperature, precipitation, and elevation. Models successfully predicted the presence of a group greater than 65% of the time (mean = 88%) for the presence of single grid cell endemics, and for all faunal groups except pseudoscorpions. The most common predictor variables were latitude, percent karst, and the standard deviation of the Topographic Position Index (TPI), a measure of landscape rugosity within each grid cell. The overall success of these models points to a number of important connections between the surface and cave environments, and some of these, especially soil features and topographic variability, suggest new research directions. These models should prove to be useful tools in predicting the presence of species in understudied areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C. Christman
- Departments of Biology and of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, and MCC Statistical Consulting LLC, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. Doctor
- U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Niemiller
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David J. Weary
- U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John A. Young
- U. S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Kearneysville, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kirk S. Zigler
- Department of Biology, The University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David C. Culver
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
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12
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Niemiller ML, Taylor SJ. Biogeography and conservation assessment of Bactrurus groundwater amphipods (Crangonyctidae) in the central and eastern United States. SUBTERRANEAN BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.17.7298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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13
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Multi-locus phylogeny and divergence time estimates of Enallagma damselflies (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 94:182-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Esmaeili-Rineh S, Sari A, Delić T, Moškrič A, Fišer C. Molecular phylogeny of the subterranean genusNiphargus(Crustacea: Amphipoda) in the Middle East: a comparison with European Niphargids. Zool J Linn Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Esmaeili-Rineh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; Razi University of Kermanshah; Kermanshah Iran
| | - Alireza Sari
- Department of Animal Biology; School of Biology and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Teo Delić
- Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana; Jamnikarjeva 101 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Ajda Moškrič
- Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana; Jamnikarjeva 101 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Cene Fišer
- Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana; Jamnikarjeva 101 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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15
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Bichuette ME, Rantin B, Hingst-Zaher E, Trajano E. Geometric morphometrics throws light on evolution of the subterranean catfishRhamdiopsis krugi(Teleostei: Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in eastern Brazil. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elina Bichuette
- Laboratório de Estudos Subterrâneos; Universidade Federal de São Carlos; Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, PO Box 676 13565-905 São Carlos São Paulo state Brazil
| | - Bianca Rantin
- Laboratório de Estudos Subterrâneos; Universidade Federal de São Carlos; Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, PO Box 676 13565-905 São Carlos São Paulo state Brazil
| | - Erika Hingst-Zaher
- Museu Biológico; Instituto Butantan; Av. Vital Brazil, 21500 05503-900 São Paulo São Paulo state Brazil
| | - Eleonora Trajano
- Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; Cx. Postal 11461 CEP 05422-970 São Paulo Brazil
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16
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Xue H, Zhong M, Xu J, Xu L. Geographic distance affects dispersal of the patchy distributed greater long-tailed hamster (Tscherskia triton). PLoS One 2014; 9:e99540. [PMID: 24911266 PMCID: PMC4049827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a fundamental process in ecology influencing the genetic structure and the viability of populations. Understanding how variable factors influence the dispersal of the population is becoming an important question in animal ecology. To date, geographic distance and geographic barriers are often considered as main factors impacting dispersal, but their effects are variable depending on different conditions. In general, geographic barriers affect more significantly than geographic distance on dispersal. In rapidly expanding populations, however, geographic barriers have less effect on dispersal than geographic distance. The effects of both geographic distance and geographic barriers in low-density populations with patchy distributions are poorly understood. By using a panel of 10 microsatellite loci we investigated the genetic structure of three patchy-distributed populations of the Greater long-tailed hamster (Tscherskia triton) from Raoyang, Guan and Shunyi counties of the North China Plain. The results showed that (i) high genetic diversity and differentiation exist in three geographic populations with patchy distributions; (ii) gene flow occurs among these three populations with physical barriers of Beijing city and Hutuo River, which potentially restricted the dispersal of the animal; (iii) the gene flow is negatively correlated with the geographic distance, while the genetic distance shows the positive correlation. Our results suggest that the effect of the physical barriers is conditional-dependent, including barrier capacity or individual potentially dispersal ability. Geographic distance also acts as an important factor affecting dispersal for the patchy distributed geographic populations. So, gene flow is effective, even at relatively long distances, in balancing the effect of geographic barrier in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jinhui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Laixiang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Chakrabarty P, Prejean JA, Niemiller ML. The Hoosier cavefish, a new and endangered species (Amblyopsidae, Amblyopsis) from the caves of southern Indiana. Zookeys 2014:41-57. [PMID: 24899861 PMCID: PMC4042695 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.412.7245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new species of amblyopsid cavefish (Percopsiformes: Amblyopsidae) in the genus Amblyopsis from subterranean habitats of southern Indiana, USA. The Hoosier Cavefish, Amblyopsis hoosierisp. n., is distinguished from A. spelaea, its only congener, based on genetic, geographic, and morphological evidence. Several morphological features distinguish the new species, including a much plumper, Bibendum-like wrinkled body with rounded fins, and the absence of a premature stop codon in the gene rhodopsin. This is the first new cavefish species described from the United States in 40 years and exemplifies how molecular data can alert us to the presence of otherwise cryptic biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosanta Chakrabarty
- Museum of Natural Science, Ichthyology Section, 119 Foster Hall, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Jacques A Prejean
- Museum of Natural Science, Ichthyology Section, 119 Foster Hall, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Matthew L Niemiller
- Museum of Natural Science, Ichthyology Section, 119 Foster Hall, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA ; University of Kentucky, Department of Biology, 200 Thomas Hunt Morgan Building, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Moritsch MM, Pakes MJ, Lindberg DR. How might sea level change affect arthropod biodiversity in anchialine caves: a comparison of Remipedia and Atyidae taxa (Arthropoda: Altocrustacea). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-014-0167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Keck BP, Hulsey CD. Continental monophyly of cichlid fishes and the phylogenetic position of Heterochromis multidens. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 73:53-9. [PMID: 24472673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The incredibly species-rich cichlid fish faunas of both the Neotropics and Africa are generally thought to be reciprocally monophyletic. However, the phylogenetic affinity of the African cichlid Heterochromis multidens is ambiguous, and this distinct lineage could make African cichlids paraphyletic. In past studies, Heterochromis has been variously suggested to be one of the earliest diverging lineages within either the Neotropical or the African cichlid radiations, and it has even been hypothesized to be the sister lineage to a clade containing all Neotropical and African cichlids. We examined the phylogenetic relationships among a representative sample of cichlids with a dataset of 29 nuclear loci to assess the support for the different hypotheses of the phylogenetic position of Heterochromis. Although individual gene trees in some instances supported alternative relationships, a majority of gene trees, integration of genes into species trees, and hypothesis testing of putative topologies all supported Heterochromis as belonging to the clade of African cichlids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Keck
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - C Darrin Hulsey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Bryson RW, Prendini L, Savary WE, Pearman PB. Caves as microrefugia: Pleistocene phylogeography of the troglophilic North American scorpion Pseudouroctonus reddelli. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:9. [PMID: 24428910 PMCID: PMC3902065 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival in microrefugia represents an important paradigm in phylogeography for explaining rapid postglacial re-colonization by species in temperate regions. Microrefugia may allow populations to persist in areas where the climatic conditions on the surface have become unfavourable. Caves generally contain stable microclimates and may represent microrefugia for species capable of exploiting both cave and surface habitats (troglophiles). We examine the phylogeography of the troglophilic North American vaejovid scorpion Pseudouroctonus reddelli using 1,993 base pairs of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data generated from 12 populations. We use (i) descriptive measures of genetic diversity and population genetics statistics, (ii) reconstructions of phylogeographical structure, spatial diffusion during diversification, and population sizes through time, and (iii) species distribution modelling to test predictions of the hypothesis that caves serve as microrefugia. We compare phylogeographical patterns in P. reddelli with other troglophilic species across the Edwards Plateau karst region of Texas. RESULTS Results revealed high haplotype and nucleotide diversity and substantial phylogeographical structure, probably generated during the Pleistocene. Spatial diffusion occurred along the southern edge of the Edwards Plateau from multiple refugia along the Balcones Escarpment. There was little evidence for population and geographical expansion. Species distribution models predicted substantial reductions in suitable epigean habitat for P. reddelli at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). CONCLUSIONS High genetic diversity, strong phylogeographical structure, diffusion from multiple refugia, and unfavourable climatic conditions at the LGM collectively support the hypothesis that caves served as microrefugia for P. reddelli. Similar patterns of genetic structure in P. reddelli and other troglophilic species across the Edwards Plateau karst region of Texas suggest that caves serving as microrefugia are important for the formation, maintenance, and future survival of troglophilic species in temperate karst regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Bryson
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA
| | - Warren E Savary
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Peter B Pearman
- Landscape Dynamics Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
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Ancient lineage, young troglobites: recent colonization of caves by Nesticella spiders. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:183. [PMID: 24006950 PMCID: PMC3766682 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The evolution and origin of cave organisms is a recurring issue in evolutionary studies, but analyses are often hindered by the inaccessibility of caves, morphological convergence, and complex colonization processes. Here we investigated the evolutionary history of Nesticella cave spiders, which are mainly distributed in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, China. With comprehensive sampling and phylogenetic and coalescent-based analyses, we investigated the tempo and mode of diversification and the origins of these troglobites. We also aimed to determine which factors have influenced the diversification of this little-known group. Results Coalescent-based species delimitation validated the 18 species recognized by morphological inspection and also suggested the existence of cryptic lineages. Divergence time estimates suggested that Nesticella cave spiders in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau constituted a monophyletic troglobite clade that originated in the middle Miocene (11.1–18.6 Ma). Although the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau clade was composed exclusively of troglobite species, suggesting an ancient common subterranean ancestor, we favor multiple, independent cave colonizations during the Pleistocene over a single ancient cave colonization event to explain the origin of these cave faunas. The diversification of plateau Nesticella has been greatly influenced by the sequential uplift of the plateau and likely reflects multiple cave colonizations over time by epigean ancestors during Pleistocene glacial advances. Conclusions We concluded that plateau cave Nesticella represent an ancient group of spiders, but with young troglobite lineages that invaded caves only recently. The absence of extant epigean relatives and nearly complete isolation among caves supported their relict status. Our work highlights the importance of comprehensive sampling for studies of subterranean diversity and the evolution of cave organisms. The existence of potentially cryptic species and the relict status of Nesticella highlight the need to conserve these cave spiders.
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