1
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Ringelberg JJ, Koenen EJ, Sauter B, Aebli A, Rando JG, Iganci JR, de Queiroz LP, Murphy DJ, Gaudeul M, Bruneau A, Luckow M, Lewis GP, Miller JT, Simon MF, Jordão LS, Morales M, Bailey CD, Nageswara-Rao M, Nicholls JA, Loiseau O, Pennington RT, Dexter KG, Zimmermann NE, Hughes CE. Precipitation is the main axis of tropical plant phylogenetic turnover across space and time. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade4954. [PMID: 36800419 PMCID: PMC10957106 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Early natural historians-Comte de Buffon, von Humboldt, and De Candolle-established environment and geography as two principal axes determining the distribution of groups of organisms, laying the foundations for biogeography over the subsequent 200 years, yet the relative importance of these two axes remains unresolved. Leveraging phylogenomic and global species distribution data for Mimosoid legumes, a pantropical plant clade of c. 3500 species, we show that the water availability gradient from deserts to rain forests dictates turnover of lineages within continents across the tropics. We demonstrate that 95% of speciation occurs within a precipitation niche, showing profound phylogenetic niche conservatism, and that lineage turnover boundaries coincide with isohyets of precipitation. We reveal similar patterns on different continents, implying that evolution and dispersal follow universal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens J. Ringelberg
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik J. M. Koenen
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Sauter
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anahita Aebli
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliana G. Rando
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Rua Prof. José Seabra de Lemos, 316, Bairro Recanto dos Pássaros, 47808-021 Barreiras-BA, Brazil
| | - João R. Iganci
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Travessa André Dreyfus s/n, 96010-900 Capão do Leão-RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano P. de Queiroz
- Departamento Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Avenida Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana-BA, Brazil
| | - Daniel J. Murphy
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Ave., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Myriam Gaudeul
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), MNHN-CNRS-SU-EPHE-UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Anne Bruneau
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Melissa Luckow
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, 215 Garden Avenue, Roberts Hall 260, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gwilym P. Lewis
- Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Joseph T. Miller
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marcelo F. Simon
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, 70770-901 Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Lucas S. B. Jordão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030 Rua Pacheco Leão-RJ, Brazil
| | - Matías Morales
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, CIRN-CNIA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Universidad de Morón, B1708JPD Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C. Donovan Bailey
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88001, USA
| | - Madhugiri Nageswara-Rao
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - James A. Nicholls
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Oriane Loiseau
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - R. Toby Pennington
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Kyle G. Dexter
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Niklaus E. Zimmermann
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Colin E. Hughes
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Hopper SD. Ocbil Theory as a Potential Unifying Framework for Investigating Narrow Endemism in Mediterranean Climate Regions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:645. [PMID: 36771726 PMCID: PMC9920797 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OCBIL theory addresses the ecology, evolution, and conservation of biodiversity and cultural diversity on old climatically buffered infertile landscapes, which are especially prominent in southwest Australia and the Greater Cape Region of South Africa. Here, as a contribution to general theory on endemism, a few case studies are briefly discussed to ascertain the relevance of hypotheses in OCBIL theory to understanding narrow endemism in Mediterranean climate regions. Two new conservation management hypotheses are also introduced-minimising disturbance of OCBILS and conserving cross-culturally to achieve best outcomes. Case studies of endemics in southwest Australia (e.g., Eucalyptus caesia, Anigozanthos, Cephalotaceae, Daspypogonaceae) and South Africa (Moraea, Conophytum) and more limited evidence for the Mediterranean Region conform to OCBIL theory predictions. Narrow endemics, concentrated in OCBILs, have diverse origins that embrace major hypotheses of OCBIL theory such as prolonged persistence and diversification in refugia, limited dispersal, coping with inbreeding in small disjunct population systems (the James Effect), special adaptations to nutrient-deficient soils, and special vulnerabilities (e.g., to soil disturbance and removal). Minimising disturbance to OCBILs is recommended as the primary conservation strategy. OCBIL theory has a potentially significant role to play in advancing understanding of narrow endemism of plants in Mediterranean climate regions and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Hopper
- Albany Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA 6330, Australia
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3
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Martín-Hernanz S, Albaladejo RG, Lavergne S, Rubio E, Grall A, Aparicio A. Biogeographic history and environmental niche evolution in the palearctic genus Helianthemum (Cistaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 163:107238. [PMID: 34197899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The biogeographic history and the degree of environmental niche conservatism provide essential clues to decipher the underlying macroevolutionary processes of species diversification and to understand contemporary patterns of biodiversity. The genus Helianthemum constitutes an excellent case study to investigate the impact of the geo-climatic changes and the environmental niche shifts on the origins of plant species diversity in the Mediterranean hotspot. It is a palearctic species-rich lineage with c. 140 species and subspecies mostly belonging to three distinct evolutionary radiations, almost confined to the Mediterranean region and occurring across varied environmental conditions. In this work, we studied the ample and rapid diversification of the genus Helianthemum across its whole distribution range by performing phylogenetic reconstructions of ancestral ranges and environmental niche evolution. We observed a striking synchrony of biogeographic movements with niche shifts between the three major clades of the genus Helianthemum, likely related to the geo-climatic events occurred in the Mediterranean Basin since the Upper Miocene. In particular, Late Miocene and Early Pliocene were dominated by episodes of range expansions, the Late Pliocene by range contraction and vicariance events, and Pleistocene by most intense environmental niche shifts and in-situ diversification. Our study also provides evidence for four main environmental niches in Helianthemum (i.e., Mediterranean, subdesert, humid-montane and subtropical-insular) and a tendency toward environmental niche conservatism within different subclades, with few niche shifts mostly occurring from Mediterranean ancestors. The relative longer time spent in Mediterranean areas by the ancestors of Helianthemum suggests that the larger species diversity observed in the Mediterranean (i.e. Northern Africa and Southern Europe) may have been generated by a time-for-speciation effect reinforced by environmental niche conservatism. Overall, our work highlights the role of the Mediterranean Basin as a 'cradle of diversity' and an 'evolutionary hub', facilitating the environmental transitions and determining the building up of a global plant biodiversity hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martín-Hernanz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Rafael G Albaladejo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, FR-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Encarnación Rubio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Aurélie Grall
- Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Abelardo Aparicio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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4
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Skeels A, Dinnage R, Medina I, Cardillo M. Ecological interactions shape the evolution of flower color in communities across a temperate biodiversity hotspot. Evol Lett 2021; 5:277-289. [PMID: 34136275 PMCID: PMC8190448 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Processes driving the divergence of floral traits may be integral to the extraordinary richness of flowering plants and the assembly of diverse plant communities. Several models of pollinator-mediated floral evolution have been proposed; floral divergence may (i) be directly involved in driving speciation or may occur after speciation driven by (ii) drift or local adaptation in allopatry or (iii) negative interactions between species in sympatry. Here, we generate predictions for patterns of trait divergence and community assembly expected under these three models, and test these predictions in Hakea (Proteaceae), a diverse genus in the Southwest Australian biodiversity hotspot. We quantified functional richness for two key floral traits (pistil length and flower color), as well as phylogenetic distances between species, across ecological communities, and compared these to patterns generated from null models of community assembly. We also estimated the statistical relationship between rates of trait evolution and lineage diversification across the phylogeny. Patterns of community assembly suggest that flower color, but not floral phenology or morphology, or phylogenetic relatedness, is more divergent in communities than expected. Rates of lineage diversification and flower color evolution were negatively correlated across the phylogeny and rates of flower colour evolution were positively related to branching times. These results support a role for diversity-dependent species interactions driving floral divergence during the Hakea radiation, contributing to the development of the extraordinary species richness of southwest Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Skeels
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 0200Australia
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZürichCH‐8092Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute for ForestSnow and Landscape WSLBirmensdorfCH‐8903Switzerland
| | - Russell Dinnage
- Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraACT 2617Australia
| | - Iliana Medina
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 0200Australia
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia
| | - Marcel Cardillo
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 0200Australia
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5
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Hopper SD, Lambers H, Silveira FAO, Fiedler PL. OCBIL theory examined: reassessing evolution, ecology and conservation in the world’s ancient, climatically buffered and infertile landscapes. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OCBIL theory was introduced as a contribution towards understanding the evolution, ecology and conservation of the biological and cultural diversity of old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs), especially in the Southern Hemisphere. The theory addresses some of the most intransigent environmental and cultural trends of our time – the ongoing decline of biodiversity and cultural diversity of First Nations. Here we reflect on OCBILs, the origins of the theory, and its principal hypotheses in biological, anthropological and conservation applications. The discovery that threatened plant species are concentrated in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) on infertile, phosphorous-impoverished uplands within 500 km of the coast formed the foundational framework for OCBIL theory and led to the development of testable hypotheses that a growing literature is addressing. Currently, OCBILs are recognized in 15 Global Biodiversity Hotspots and eight other regions. The SWAFR, Greater Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and South America’s campos rupestres (montane grasslands) are those regions that have most comprehensively been investigated in the context of OCBIL theory. We summarize 12 evolutionary, ecological and cultural hypotheses and ten conservation-management hypotheses being investigated as recent contributions to the OCBIL literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, Australia
| | - Fernando A O Silveira
- Departmento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Peggy L Fiedler
- Natural Reserve System, University of California, Office of the President, Oakland, CA, USA
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6
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Dinnage R, Skeels A, Cardillo M. Spatiophylogenetic modelling of extinction risk reveals evolutionary distinctiveness and brief flowering period as threats in a hotspot plant genus. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192817. [PMID: 32370670 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative models used to predict species threat status can help identify the diagnostic features of species at risk. Such models often combine variables measured at the species level with spatial variables, causing multiple statistical challenges, including phylogenetic and spatial non-independence. We present a novel Bayesian approach for modelling threat status that simultaneously deals with both forms of non-independence and estimates their relative contribution, and we apply the approach to modelling threat status in the Australian plant genus Hakea. We find that after phylogenetic and spatial effects are accounted for, species with greater evolutionary distinctiveness and a shorter annual flowering period are more likely to be threatened. The model allows us to combine information on evolutionary history, species biology and spatial data, calculate latent extinction risk (potential for non-threatened species to become threatened), estimate the most important drivers of risk for individual species and map spatial patterns in the effects of different predictors on extinction risk. This could be of value for proactive conservation decision-making based on the early identification of species and regions of potential conservation concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Dinnage
- Macroevolution and Macroecology Group, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Alexander Skeels
- Macroevolution and Macroecology Group, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Marcel Cardillo
- Macroevolution and Macroecology Group, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
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7
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Pirie MD, Kandziora M, Nürk NM, Le Maitre NC, Mugrabi de Kuppler A, Gehrke B, Oliver EGH, Bellstedt DU. Leaps and bounds: geographical and ecological distance constrained the colonisation of the Afrotemperate by Erica. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:222. [PMID: 31805850 PMCID: PMC6896773 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coincidence of long distance dispersal (LDD) and biome shift is assumed to be the result of a multifaceted interplay between geographical distance and ecological suitability of source and sink areas. Here, we test the influence of these factors on the dispersal history of the flowering plant genus Erica (Ericaceae) across the Afrotemperate. We quantify similarity of Erica climate niches per biogeographic area using direct observations of species, and test various colonisation scenarios while estimating ancestral areas for the Erica clade using parametric biogeographic model testing. Results We infer that the overall dispersal history of Erica across the Afrotemperate is the result of infrequent colonisation limited by geographic proximity and niche similarity. However, the Drakensberg Mountains represent a colonisation sink, rather than acting as a “stepping stone” between more distant and ecologically dissimilar Cape and Tropical African regions. Strikingly, the most dramatic examples of species radiations in Erica were the result of single unique dispersals over longer distances between ecologically dissimilar areas, contradicting the rule of phylogenetic biome conservatism. Conclusions These results highlight the roles of geographical and ecological distance in limiting LDD, but also the importance of rare biome shifts, in which a unique dispersal event fuels evolutionary radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Pirie
- Institut für Organismische und Molekulare Evolutionsbiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzelweg 9a, 55099, Mainz, Germany. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa. .,Current address: University Museum, The University of Bergen, Postboks 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Martha Kandziora
- Institut für Organismische und Molekulare Evolutionsbiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzelweg 9a, 55099, Mainz, Germany.,Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Nicolai M Nürk
- Department of Plant Systematics, Bayreuth Centre of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nicholas C Le Maitre
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,Department of Plant Science, University of the Free State, QwaQwa, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ana Mugrabi de Kuppler
- INRES Pflanzenzüchtung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Berit Gehrke
- Institut für Organismische und Molekulare Evolutionsbiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzelweg 9a, 55099, Mainz, Germany.,Current address: University Museum, The University of Bergen, Postboks 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Edward G H Oliver
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Dirk U Bellstedt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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8
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Skeels A, Cardillo M. Equilibrium and non‐equilibrium phases in the radiation of
Hakea
and the drivers of diversity in Mediterranean‐type ecosystems. Evolution 2019; 73:1392-1410. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Skeels
- Macroevolution and Macroecology Group Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra 0200 Australia
| | - Marcel Cardillo
- Macroevolution and Macroecology Group Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra 0200 Australia
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9
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Li H, Wiens JJ. Time Explains Regional Richness Patterns within Clades More Often than Diversification Rates or Area. Am Nat 2019; 193:514-529. [DOI: 10.1086/702253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Skeels A, Cardillo M. Reconstructing the Geography of Speciation from Contemporary Biodiversity Data. Am Nat 2019; 193:240-255. [DOI: 10.1086/701125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Males J. Geography, environment and organismal traits in the diversification of a major tropical herbaceous angiosperm radiation. AOB PLANTS 2018; 10:ply008. [PMID: 29479409 PMCID: PMC5814923 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The generation of plant diversity involves complex interactions between geography, environment and organismal traits. Many macroevolutionary processes and emergent patterns have been identified in different plant groups through the study of spatial data, but rarely in the context of a large radiation of tropical herbaceous angiosperms. A powerful system for testing interrelated biogeographical hypotheses is provided by the terrestrial bromeliads, a Neotropical group of extensive ecological diversity and importance. In this investigation, distributional data for 564 species of terrestrial bromeliads were used to estimate variation in the position and width of species-level hydrological habitat occupancy and test six core hypotheses linking geography, environment and organismal traits. Taxonomic groups and functional types differed in hydrological habitat occupancy, modulated by convergent and divergent trait evolution, and with contrasting interactions with precipitation abundance and seasonality. Plant traits in the Bromeliaceae are intimately associated with bioclimatic differentiation, which is in turn strongly associated with variation in geographical range size and species richness. These results emphasize the ecological relevance of structural-functional innovation in a major plant radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Males
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Mitchell N, Carlson JE, Holsinger KE. Correlated evolution between climate and suites of traits along a fast-slow continuum in the radiation of Protea. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1853-1866. [PMID: 29435259 PMCID: PMC5792567 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary radiations are responsible for much of Earth's diversity, yet the causes of these radiations are often elusive. Determining the relative roles of adaptation and geographic isolation in diversification is vital to understanding the causes of any radiation, and whether a radiation may be labeled as "adaptive" or not. Across many groups of plants, trait-climate relationships suggest that traits are an important indicator of how plants adapt to different climates. In particular, analyses of plant functional traits in global databases suggest that there is an "economics spectrum" along which combinations of functional traits covary along a fast-slow continuum. We examine evolutionary associations among traits and between trait and climate variables on a strongly supported phylogeny in the iconic plant genus Protea to identify correlated evolution of functional traits and the climatic-niches that species occupy. Results indicate that trait diversification in Protea has climate associations along two axes of variation: correlated evolution of plant size with temperature and leaf investment with rainfall. Evidence suggests that traits and climatic-niches evolve in similar ways, although some of these associations are inconsistent with global patterns on a broader phylogenetic scale. When combined with previous experimental work suggesting that trait-climate associations are adaptive in Protea, the results presented here suggest that trait diversification in this radiation is adaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Mitchell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Jane E. Carlson
- Inventory and Monitoring ProgramGulf Coast NetworkNational Park ServiceLafayetteLAUSA
| | - Kent E. Holsinger
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
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13
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Cardillo M, Weston PH, Reynolds ZKM, Olde PM, Mast AR, Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR, Bromham L. The phylogeny and biogeography of
Hakea
(Proteaceae) reveals the role of biome shifts in a continental plant radiation. Evolution 2017; 71:1928-1943. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Cardillo
- Macroevolution and Macroecology Group, Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra 0200 Australia
| | - Peter H. Weston
- National Herbarium of New South Wales Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Sydney NSW 2000 Australia
| | - Zoe K. M. Reynolds
- Macroevolution and Macroecology Group, Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra 0200 Australia
| | - Peter M. Olde
- National Herbarium of New South Wales Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Sydney NSW 2000 Australia
| | - Austin R. Mast
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306
| | - Emily M. Lemmon
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306
| | - Alan R. Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University Dirac Science Library Tallahassee Florida 32306
| | - Lindell Bromham
- Macroevolution and Macroecology Group, Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra 0200 Australia
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