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Maternal melanization defines wing spot area of male Drosophila nepalensis: supporting evidence through genetic crosses. J Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-022-01393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Mo WZ, Li ZM, Deng XM, Chen AL, Ritchie MG, Yang DJ, He ZB, Toda MJ, Wen SY. Divergence and correlated evolution of male wing spot and courtship display between Drosophila nepalensis and D. trilutea. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1445-1460. [PMID: 34939317 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Male-specific wing spots are usually associated with wing displays in the courtship behavior of Drosophila and may play important roles in sexual selection. Two closely related species, D. nepalensis and D. trilutea, differ in wing spots and scissoring behavior. Here, we compare male morphological characters, pigmentation intensity of male wing spots, wing-scissoring behavior, courtship songs, and reproductive isolation between 2 species. F1 fertile females and sterile males result from the cross between females of D. nepalensis and males of D. trilutea. The pigmentation of wing spots is significantly weaker in D. trilutea than in D. nepalensis and the F1 hybrid. Males scissor both wings in front of the female during courtship, with a posture spreading wings more widely, and at a faster frequency in D. nepalensis than in D. trilutea and the F1s. Males of D. trilutea vibrate wings to produce 2 types (A and B) of pulse songs, whereas D. nepalensis and the F1s sing only type B songs. The incidence of wing vibration and scissoring during courtship suggests that wing vibration is essential but scissoring is a facultative courtship element for successful mating in both species. The association between the darker wing spots with more elaborate scissoring might be the consequence of correlated evolution of these traits in D. nepalensis; however, D. trilutea retains wing scissoring during courtship despite having weaker pigmentation of wing spots. The genetic architecture of 2 traits differs in the F1s, consistent with maternal or sex-linked effects for spots but nonadditive effects for scissoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhou Mo
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Miao Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Deng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Li Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - De-Jun Yang
- Acoustics Laboratory, Guangdong Institute of Metrology, South China National Centre of Metrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Bin He
- Acoustics Laboratory, Guangdong Institute of Metrology, South China National Centre of Metrology, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Shuo-Yang Wen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Ishikawa Y, Kimura MT, Toda MJ. Biology and ecology of the Oriental flower-breeding Drosophila elegans and related species. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:207-220. [PMID: 35499147 PMCID: PMC9067466 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2066953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals adapt to their environments in the course of evolution. One effective approach to elucidate mechanisms of adaptive evolution is to compare closely related species with model organisms in which knowledge of the molecular and physiological bases of various traits has been accumulated. Drosophila elegans and its close relatives, belonging to the same species group as the model organism D. melanogaster, exhibit various unique characteristics such as flower-breeding habit, courtship display, territoriality, sexual dimorphism, and colour polymorphism. Their ease of culturing and availability of genomic information makes them a useful model for understanding mechanisms of adaptive evolution. Here, we review the morphology, distribution, and phylogenetic relationships of D. elegans and related species, as well as their characteristic flower-dependent biology, food habits, and life-history traits. We also describe their unique mating and territorial behaviours and note their distinctive karyotype and the genetic mechanisms of morphological diversity that have recently been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Massey JH, Li J, Stern DL, Wittkopp PJ. Distinct genetic architectures underlie divergent thorax, leg, and wing pigmentation between Drosophila elegans and D. gunungcola. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 127:467-474. [PMID: 34537820 PMCID: PMC8551284 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation divergence between Drosophila species has emerged as a model trait for studying the genetic basis of phenotypic evolution, with genetic changes contributing to pigmentation differences often mapping to genes in the pigment synthesis pathway and their regulators. These studies of Drosophila pigmentation have tended to focus on pigmentation changes in one body part for a particular pair of species, but changes in pigmentation are often observed in multiple body parts between the same pair of species. The similarities and differences of genetic changes responsible for divergent pigmentation in different body parts of the same species thus remain largely unknown. Here we compare the genetic basis of pigmentation divergence between Drosophila elegans and D. gunungcola in the wing, legs, and thorax. Prior work has shown that regions of the genome containing the pigmentation genes yellow and ebony influence the size of divergent male-specific wing spots between these two species. We find that these same two regions of the genome underlie differences in leg and thorax pigmentation; however, divergent alleles in these regions show differences in allelic dominance and epistasis among the three body parts. These complex patterns of inheritance can be explained by a model of evolution involving tissue-specific changes in the expression of Yellow and Ebony between D. elegans and D. gunungcola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Massey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Janelia Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - David L Stern
- Janelia Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Patricia J Wittkopp
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Davis JS, Pearcy MJ, Yew JY, Moyle LC. A shift to shorter cuticular hydrocarbons accompanies sexual isolation among Drosophila americana group populations. Evol Lett 2021; 5:521-540. [PMID: 34621538 PMCID: PMC8484720 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Because sensory signals often evolve rapidly, they could be instrumental in the emergence of reproductive isolation between species. However, pinpointing their specific contribution to isolating barriers, and the mechanisms underlying their divergence, remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate sexual isolation due to divergence in chemical signals between two populations of Drosophila americana (SC and NE) and one population of D. novamexicana, and dissect its underlying phenotypic and genetic mechanisms. Mating trials revealed strong sexual isolation between Drosophila novamexicana males and SC Drosophila americana females, as well as more moderate bi-directional isolation between D. americana populations. Mating behavior data indicate SC D. americana males have the highest courtship efficiency and, unlike males of the other populations, are accepted by females of all species. Quantification of cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles-chemosensory signals that are used for species recognition and mate finding in Drosophila-shows that the SC D. americana population differs from the other populations primarily on the basis of compound carbon chain-length. Moreover, manipulation of male CHC composition via heterospecific perfuming-specifically perfuming D. novamexicana males with SC D. americana males-abolishes their sexual isolation from these D. americana females. Of a set of candidates, a single gene-elongase CG17821-had patterns of gene expression consistent with a role in CHC differences between species. Sequence comparisons indicate D. novamexicana and our Nebraska (NE) D. americana population share a derived CG17821 truncation mutation that could also contribute to their shared "short" CHC phenotype. Together, these data suggest an evolutionary model for the origin and spread of this allele and its consequences for CHC divergence and sexual isolation in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S. Davis
- Department of BiologyIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndiana47405
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentucky40508
| | | | - Joanne Y. Yew
- Pacific Biosciences Research CenterUniversity of Hawaii at MānoaHonoluluHawaii96822
| | - Leonie C. Moyle
- Department of BiologyIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndiana47405
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Dion WA, Steenwinkel TE, Werner T. From Aedes to Zeugodacus: a review of dipteran body coloration studies regarding evolutionary developmental biology, pest control, and species discovery. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 69:35-41. [PMID: 33578125 PMCID: PMC8349939 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, evo-devo (evolution of development) studies have elucidated genetic mechanisms underlying novel dipteran body color patterns. Here we review the most recent developments, which show some departure from the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, leading the field into the investigation of more complex color patterns. We also discuss how the robust application of transgenic techniques has facilitated the study of many non-model pest species. Furthermore, we see that subtle pigmentation differences guide the discovery and description of new dipterans. Therefore, we argue that the existence of new field guides and the prevalence of pigmentation studies in non-model flies will enable scientists to adopt uninvestigated species into the lab, allowing them to study novel morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Dion
- Integrative Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point 1, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, United States
| | - Tessa E Steenwinkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 740 Dow Building, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 740 Dow Building, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States.
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Koshikawa S. Evolution of wing pigmentation in Drosophila: Diversity, physiological regulation, and cis-regulatory evolution. Dev Growth Differ 2020; 62:269-278. [PMID: 32171022 PMCID: PMC7384037 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fruit flies (Drosophila and its close relatives, or “drosophilids”) are a group that includes an important model organism, Drosophila melanogaster, and also very diverse species distributed worldwide. Many of these species have black or brown pigmentation patterns on their wings, and have been used as material for evo‐devo research. Pigmentation patterns are thought to have evolved rapidly compared with body plans or body shapes; hence they are advantageous model systems for studying evolutionary gains of traits and parallel evolution. Various groups of drosophilids, including genus Idiomyia (Hawaiian Drosophila), have a variety of pigmentations, ranging from simple black pigmentations around crossveins to a single antero‐distal spot and a more complex mottled pattern. Pigmentation patterns are sometimes obviously used for sexual displays; however, in some cases they may have other functions. The process of wing formation in Drosophila, the general mechanism of pigmentation formation, and the transport of substances necessary for pigmentation, including melanin precursors, through wing veins are summarized here. Lastly, the evolution of the expression of genes regulating pigmentation patterns, the role of cis‐regulatory regions, and the conditions required for the evolutionary emergence of pigmentation patterns are discussed. Future prospects for research on the evolution of wing pigmentation pattern formation in drosophilids are presented, particularly from the point of view of how they compare with other studies of the evolution of new traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Koshikawa
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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