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Nanotechnology-based alternatives for the topical delivery of immunosuppressive agents in psoriasis. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122535. [PMID: 36566826 PMCID: PMC9876733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a recurring, immune-mediated dermatological disorder. Many therapeutic agents are available for the treatment of psoriasis, including immunosuppressants and biologic treatments with immunosuppressant action. The employment of nanotechnology allows drug tailoring to achieve dermal targeting, improve efficacy and minimize undesirable effects. Here we discuss the use of the topical route in combination with nano-based drug delivery systems containing immunosuppressants for the management of psoriasis. This review is based on articles selected from 2011 to 2022, using the keywords "Psoriasis" AND "Immunosuppressants" AND "Nano*" in the main databases. Fifty-seven articles were retrieved, although only forty-two matched the inclusion criteria. Nanocarriers such as liposomes, ethosomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticle, nanostructured lipid carriers and microspheres containing immunosuppressive drugs (methotrexate, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and etanercept) were identified. The main findings of these studies are related to the improved in vitro/ex vivo permeation/penetration and therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo, compared to the drug in solution. Based on the studies discussed in this review, encapsulation in several types of nanocarriers decreases toxicity, dose, and dose frequency. Furthermore, it enables specific targeting of the active drug, pointing to the possibility of improving topical therapy for psoriasis. In conclusion, nanoformulations represent a novel and promising tool for psoriasis treatment.
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Cyclosporine and Pentoxifylline laden Tailored Niosomes for the effective management of Psoriasis: In-vitro Optimization, Ex-vivo and Animal Study. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122143. [PMID: 36037986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin inflammatory auto-immune disorder. Cyclosporine is the drug of choice in severe cases of psoriasis for systemic administration. But its systemic administration leads to some serious side effects like nephrotoxicity and cardiovascular disorders. Pentoxifylline is reported to reduce such side effects of cyclosporine and also it is found useful in the management of psoriasis. In this study, Box-Behnken design was used to prepare and optimize Cyclosporine and Pentoxifylline loaded niosomes. The optimized niosomes were prepared using cholesterol and surfactant (7:3), a total of 500µmol. Ratio of Tween 80 to span 80 for the preparation of optimized niosome was 0.503 (tween80:span80), and hydration and sonication time were kept at 60 minutes and 10 minutes, respectively. Size, Poly Dispersity Index, zeta potential, and % entrapment efficiency of Pentoxifylline and cyclosporine, for optimized niosomes were found to be 179nm, 0.285, -37.5mV, 84.6%, and 75.3%, respectively. The optimized niosomes were further studied for in-vitro skin permeation and skin deposition. Though niosomes significantly influenced the permeation of both drugs, only a small amount of drug (both cyclosporine and Pentoxifylline) was permeated through the skin. In comparison with the permeation, the quantity of drug retained in the stratum corneum and viable epidermis (SC and VED) was very high. In the in-vivo studies conducted on mice induced with psoriasis using imiquimod, both the histopathology and psoriasis area severity index has shown marked improvement in the skin condition of mice treated with niosomes loaded with Pentoxifylline and cyclosporine, in comparison with the solution/suspension of individual drugs. The study shows that niosomes could be effectively used for the simultaneous delivery of cyclosporine and Pentoxifylline for the better management of psoriasis.
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Pandey S, Tripathi P, Gupta A, Yadav JS. A comprehensive review on possibilities of treating psoriasis using dermal cyclosporine. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1541-1555. [PMID: 34550552 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune, chronic proliferative, inflammatory skin disease with high comorbidity. Psoriasis is not a curable disease; it can only be managed. Cyclosporine A (CyA) is one of the FDA-approved immunosuppressant drug used in severe Psoriasis. Till date only oral route is used for its administration. Administration of CyA by this route causes serious side effects such as hypertension and renal toxicity. Due to these side effects, a number of researches have been done and taking place in the current times for the dermal delivery of CyA for the management of psoriasis. Dermal delivery of CyA is not an easy task because of its physiochemical properties like high molecular weight, lipophilicity and resistance offered by stratum corneum (SC). Because of the above problems in the dermal delivery a number of new approaches such as nanolipid carriers, microemulsion, liposomes, niosomes etc. are explored. To those deep findings for psoriasis management with dermal delivery of CyA have not been discussed. This comprehensive review includes all the studies, advancements and their critical findings which took place in the recent times for the dermal delivery of CyA and along with the suitable modification needed for the efficient dermal delivery of CyA are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Pandey
- Sakshi College of Pharmacy, Kalyanpur, UP, 208017, Kanpur, India.
| | - Purnima Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, UP, India
| | - Arti Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Technology and Management, Gorakhpur, UP, 273209, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Technology and Management, Gorakhpur, UP, 273209, India
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Topical delivery of cyclosporine loaded tailored niosomal nanocarriers for improved skin penetration and deposition in psoriasis: Optimization, ex vivo and animal studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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5
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Bhat M, Pukale S, Singh S, Mittal A, Chitkara D. Nano-enabled topical delivery of anti-psoriatic small molecules. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Takeuchi I, Kagawa A, Makino K. Skin permeability and transdermal delivery route of 30-nm cyclosporin A-loaded nanoparticles using PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymer. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Freeze-Dried Softisan ® 649-Based Lipid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Skin Delivery of Cyclosporine A. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050986. [PMID: 32455668 PMCID: PMC7279451 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, affect around one quarter to one third of the world population. Systemic cyclosporine A, an immunosuppressant agent, is included in the current therapeutic armamentarium of these diseases. Despite being highly effective, it is associated with several side effects, and its topical administration is limited by its high molecular weight and poor water solubility. To overcome these limitations, cyclosporine A was incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles obtained from Softisan® 649, a commonly used cosmetic ingredient, aiming to develop a vehicle for application to the skin. The nanoparticles presented sizes of around 200 nm, low polydispersity, negative surface charge, and stability when stored for 8 weeks at room temperature or 4 °C. An effective incorporation of 88% of cyclosporine A within the nanoparticles was observed, without affecting its morphology. After the freeze-drying process, the Softisan® 649-based nanoparticles formed an oleogel. Skin permeation studies using pig ear as a model revealed low permeation of the applied cyclosporine A in the freeze-dried form of the nanoparticles in relation to free drug and the freshly prepared nanoparticles. About 1.0 mg of cyclosporine A was delivered to the skin with reduced transdermal permeation. These results confirm local delivery of cyclosporine A, indicating its promising topical administration.
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Cyclosporine laden tailored microemulsion-gel depot for effective treatment of psoriasis: In vitro and in vivo studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 186:110681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Badihi A, Frušić-Zlotkin M, Soroka Y, Benhamron S, Tzur T, Nassar T, Benita S. Topical nano-encapsulated cyclosporine formulation for atopic dermatitis treatment. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 24:102140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Keren A, Gilhar A, Ullmann Y, Zlotkin-Frušić M, Soroka Y, Domb AJ, Levite M. Instantaneous depolarization of T cells via dopamine receptors, and inhibition of activated T cells of Psoriasis patients and inflamed human skin, by D1-like receptor agonist: Fenoldopam. Immunology 2020; 158:171-193. [PMID: 31424569 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated T cells are pathological in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including Psoriasis, and also in graft rejection and graft-versus-host-disease. In these pathological conditions, selective silencing of activated T cells through physiological receptors they express remains a clinical challenge. In our previous studies we found that activation of dopamine receptors (DRs) in resting human T cells activates these cells, and induces by itself many beneficial T cell functions. In this study, we found that normal human T cells express all types of DRs, and that expression of D1R, D4R and D5R increases profoundly after T cell receptor (TCR) activation. Interestingly, DR agonists shift the membrane potential (Vm ) of both resting and activated human T cells, and induces instantaneous T cell depolarization within 15 seconds only. Thus, activation of DRs in T cells depolarize these immune cells, alike activation of DRs in neural cells. The skin of Psoriasis patients contains 20-fold more D1R+ T cells than healthy human skin. In line with that, 25-fold more D1R+ T cells are present in Psoriasis humanized mouse model. Highly selective D1-like receptor agonists, primarily Fenoldopam (Corlopam) - a D1-like receptor agonist and a drug used in hypertension, induced the following suppressive effects on activated T cells of Psoriasis patients: reduced chemotactic migration towards the chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12; reduced dramatically the secretion of eight cytokines: tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10; and reduced three T cell activation proteins/markers: CD69, CD28 and IL-2. Next, we invented a novel topical/dermal Fenoldopam formulation, allowing it to be spread on, and providing prolonged and regulated release in, diseased skin. Our novel topical/dermal Fenoldopam: reduced secretion of the eight cytokines by activated human T cells; reduced IL-1β and IL-6 secretion by human lipopolysaccharide-inflamed skin; eliminated preferentially >90% of live and large/proliferating human T cells. Together, our findings show for the first time that both resting and activated T cells are depolarized instantaneously via DRs, and that targeting D1-like receptors in activated T cells and inflamed human skin by Fenoldopam, in Psoriasis, and potentially in other T cell-mediated diseases, could be therapeutic. Validation in vivo is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviad Keren
- Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehuda Ullmann
- Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Yoram Soroka
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mia Levite
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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Dolz-Pérez I, Sallam MA, Masiá E, Morelló-Bolumar D, Pérez Del Caz MD, Graff P, Abdelmonsif D, Hedtrich S, Nebot VJ, Vicent MJ. Polypeptide-corticosteroid conjugates as a topical treatment approach to psoriasis. J Control Release 2019; 318:210-222. [PMID: 31843640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Topical treatment of mild-to-moderate psoriasis with corticosteroids suffers from challenges that include reduced drug bioavailability at the desired site of action. The retention of therapeutics within the epidermis can safely treat skin inflammation, scaling, and erythema associated with psoriasis while avoiding possible side effects associated with systemic treatments. We successfully synthesized and characterized a pH-responsive biodegradable poly-L-glutamic acid (PGA)-fluocinolone acetonide (FLUO) conjugate that allows the controlled release of the FLUO to reduce skin inflammation. Additionally, the application of a hyaluronic acid (HA)-poly-L-glutamate cross polymer (HA-CP) vehicle boosted skin permeation. During in vitro and ex vivo analyses, we discovered that PGA-FLUO inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine release, suggesting that polypeptidic conjugation fails to affect the anti-inflammatory activity of FLUO. Additionally, ex vivo human skin permeation studies using confocal microscopy revealed the presence of PGA-FLUO within the epidermis, but a minimal presence in the dermis, thereby reducing the likelihood of FLUO entering the systemic circulation. Finally, we demonstrated that PGA-FLUO applied within HA-CP effectively reduced psoriasis-associated phenotypes in an in vivo mouse model of human psoriasis while also lowering levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in tissue and serum. Overall, our experimental results demonstrate that PGA-FLUO within an HA-CP penetration enhancer represents an effective topical treatment for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dolz-Pérez
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Marwa A Sallam
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El Sultan Hussein St Azarita, Egypt; John A. Paulson school of engineering and applied sciences and Wyss institute for biologically inspired engineering, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Esther Masiá
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain; Screening Platform, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Daniel Morelló-Bolumar
- Polypeptide Therapeutic Solutions S.L. C/ Benjamin Franklin 19 (Paterna), Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - M Dolores Pérez Del Caz
- Servicio de cirugía plástica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia 46026, Spain
| | - Patrick Graff
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 2+4, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Doaa Abdelmonsif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, El Sultan Hussein St Azarita, Egypt
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 2+4, Berlin 14195, Germany; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vicent J Nebot
- Polypeptide Therapeutic Solutions S.L. C/ Benjamin Franklin 19 (Paterna), Valencia 46980, Spain.
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain; Screening Platform, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain.
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12
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Patel D, Wairkar S. Recent advances in cyclosporine drug delivery: challenges and opportunities. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:1067-1081. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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The renaissance of human skin organ culture: A critical reappraisal. Differentiation 2018; 104:22-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Janikowska G, Pyka-Pająk A, Janikowski T, Adamska J, Mazurek U, Jędrusik P. Potential Mechanism of Action of Cyclosporin A in Human Dermal Fibroblasts-Transcriptomic Analysis of CYPs. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071642. [PMID: 29976866 PMCID: PMC6100361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) in a therapeutic concentration, on the expression of cytochrome P450 genes (CYPs), was investigated in normal human dermal fibroblast cells. The expression of 57 genes, encoding cytochrome P450 isoforms, was estimated using the microarray method. Amongst 396 normalized fluorescence signals related to cytochrome P450 activity, only 91 were strictly connected to CYPs and were analyzed using two methods: a self-organizing feature map of artificial neural networks and typical statistical analysis with significance level at p ≤ 0.05. Comparing the samples from fibroblasts cultured with CsA and those cultured without, up-regulated changes of CYP19A1, 1B1, 7A1, 7F1, 17A1 and down-regulated 2D6 gene expression were observed. The mRNAs with increased changes were in the same neuron of the self-organizing feature map. All distinguished CYPs encode monooxygenases, which plays an important role in steroids biosynthesis and metabolism. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that CsA in therapeutic concentration changes the expression profile of CYPs in human dermal fibroblasts, especially affecting genes linked to steroids synthesis and/or metabolism. It shows the potential mechanism of action of CsA in human dermal fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Janikowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Alina Pyka-Pająk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Janikowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Adamska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Jędrusik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
- Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, University of Silesia, Będzińska 39, 41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Benigni M, Pescina S, Grimaudo MA, Padula C, Santi P, Nicoli S. Development of microemulsions of suitable viscosity for cyclosporine skin delivery. Int J Pharm 2018; 545:197-205. [PMID: 29698819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a widespread chronic disease affecting 2-4% of the population in Western countries. Its mild-to-moderate form, representing approximately 80% of the total cases, is treated by topical application, with corticosteroid being the standard treatment. However, in case of psoriasis, no single treatment works for every patient and optimizing topical therapy is a key aspect. A possible alternative is represented by cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant cyclic peptide administered orally in the treatment of the severe form. Its topical application could avoid the problems related to systemic immunosuppression, but the unfavourable physico-chemical properties (MW: 1202 Da; LogP ≈ 3) hinder its permeation across the stratum corneum. The aim of the paper was the preparation, characterization and ex-vivo evaluation of cyclosporine loaded microemulsions using oleic acid as oil phase, either Tween®80 or a soluble derivative of vitamin E (TPGS) as surfactants and either Transcutol®, propylene glycol or 1,3 propanediol as co-surfactants. The issue of formulation viscosity was also addressed 1) by evaluating the thickening of Tween®80-based microemulsions by direct addition of different rheological modifiers, 2) by building pseudo-ternary phase diagrams using TPGS, to identify the water/oil/surfactants proportions resulting in viscous self-gelifying systems. Nine formulations (five Tween®80-based and four TPGS-based) were selected, characterized in terms of droplets size (low viscosity systems) or rheological properties (high viscosity systems), loaded with 6 mg/g cyclosporine and applied ex-vivo on porcine skin for 22 h. A relevant skin accumulation was obtained either with a low-viscosity Tween®80-based microemulsion (9.78 ± 3.86 µg/cm2), or with a high viscosity TPGS-based microemulsion (18.3 ± 5.69 µg/cm2), with an increase of about 3 and 6 times respectively for comparison with a control cyclosporine solution in propylene glycol. The role of water content, surfactant, co-surfactant and viscosity was also addressed and discussed. The kinetic of skin uptake from the best performing formulation was finally evaluated, highlighting a relatively quick skin uptake and the achievement, after 2 h of contact, of potentially therapeutic cyclosporine skin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Benigni
- Food and Drug Department, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Pescina
- Food and Drug Department, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Padula
- Food and Drug Department, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Santi
- Food and Drug Department, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Nicoli
- Food and Drug Department, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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16
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Sala M, Diab R, Elaissari A, Fessi H. Lipid nanocarriers as skin drug delivery systems: Properties, mechanisms of skin interactions and medical applications. Int J Pharm 2018; 535:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Zhang N, Said A, Wischke C, Kral V, Brodwolf R, Volz P, Boreham A, Gerecke C, Li W, Neffe AT, Kleuser B, Alexiev U, Lendlein A, Schäfer-Korting M. Poly[acrylonitrile-co-(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)] nanoparticles - Composition-dependent skin penetration enhancement of a dye probe and biocompatibility. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 116:66-75. [PMID: 27989766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can improve topical drug delivery: size, surface properties and flexibility of polymer nanoparticles are defining its interaction with the skin. Only few studies have explored skin penetration for one series of structurally related polymer particles with systematic alteration of material composition. Here, a series of rigid poly[acrylonitrile-co-(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)] model nanoparticles stably loaded with Nile Red or Rhodamin B, respectively, was comprehensively studied for biocompatibility and functionality. Surface properties were altered by varying the molar content of hydrophilic NVP from 0 to 24.1% and particle size ranged from 35 to 244nm. Whereas irritancy and genotoxicity were not revealed, lipophilic and hydrophilic nanoparticles taken up by keratinocytes affected cell viability. Skin absorption of the particles into viable skin ex vivo was studied using Nile Red as fluorescent probe. Whilst an intact stratum corneum efficiently prevented penetration, almost complete removal of the horny layer allowed nanoparticles of smaller size and hydrophilic particles to penetrate into viable epidermis and dermis. Hence, systematic variations of nanoparticle properties allows gaining insights into critical criteria for biocompatibility and functionality of novel nanocarriers for topical drug delivery and risks associated with environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Said
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Wischke
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany; Helmholtz Virtual Institute Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Vivian Kral
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Brodwolf
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany; Institute of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Volz
- Institute of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Wenzhong Li
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Axel T Neffe
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany; Helmholtz Virtual Institute Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany; Institute of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany; Helmholtz Virtual Institute Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Virtual Institute Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.
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Sala M, Elaissari A, Fessi H. Advances in psoriasis physiopathology and treatments: Up to date of mechanistic insights and perspectives of novel therapies based on innovative skin drug delivery systems (ISDDS). J Control Release 2016; 239:182-202. [PMID: 27381248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting mainly the skin but which can be complicated by psoriatic arthritis (PsA).This autoimmune skin disorder concerns 2-5% of the world population. To date, the physiopathology of psoriasis is not still completely elucidated but many researches are ongoing which have led for example to the discovery of the Th17/Th22 pathway. The conventional therapeutic approaches (local or systemic route) appeal to various classes of drugs with complex mechanisms of action and non-negligible side effects. Although there is no therapy capable to cure psoriasis, the current goal is to relieve symptoms as longer as possible with a good benefit/risk ratio. That is one of the principal limits of conventional antipsoriatic drugs. New formulations based on nanoencapsulation are a promising opportunity to answer to this limit by offering an optimization of the conventional antipsoriatic drug use (higher activity, lower side effects and frequency of application, etc.). Herein, we tried to put in perspective the mechanistic insights (histological and immunological views) proposed into scientific literature these last years in order to have a better comprehension of psoriasis physiopathology resulting in skin lesions and PsA. The therapeutic armamentarium and the different strategies in the management of psoriasis are discussed in greater details. To finish, the field of encapsulation in nanoparticles is broached in order to put forward recent advances in innovative skin drug delivery systems (ISDDSs) of antipsoriatic active agents for a better efficacy, safety and compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sala
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés, CNRS, UMR 5007, LAGEP-CPE-308G, 43 bd. du 11 Nov.1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; Pharmacie centrale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 57, Rue Francisque Darcieux, 69563 Saint Genis Laval, France
| | - A Elaissari
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés, CNRS, UMR 5007, LAGEP-CPE-308G, 43 bd. du 11 Nov.1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - H Fessi
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés, CNRS, UMR 5007, LAGEP-CPE-308G, 43 bd. du 11 Nov.1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Skin penetration and dermal tolerability of acrylic nanocapsules: Influence of the surface charge and a chitosan gel used as vehicle. Int J Pharm 2016; 507:12-20. [PMID: 27130364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For an improved understanding of the relevant particle features for cutaneous use, we studied the effect of the surface charge of acrylic nanocapsules (around 150nm) and the effect of a chitosan gel vehicle on the particle penetration into normal and stripped human skin ex vivo as well as local tolerability (cytotoxicity and irritancy). Rhodamin-tagged nanocapsules penetrated and remained in the stratum corneum. Penetration of cationic nanocapsules exceeded the penetration of anionic nanocapsules. When applied on stripped skin, however, the fluorescence was also recorded in the viable epidermis and dermis. Cationic surface charge and embedding the particles into chitosan gel favored access to deeper skin. Keratinocytes took up the nanocapsules rapidly. Cytotoxicity (viability<80%), following exposure for ≥24h, appears to be due to the surfactant polysorbate 80, used for nanocapsuleś stabilization. Uptake by fibroblasts was low and no cytotoxicity was observed. No irritant reactions were detected in the HET-CAM test. In conclusion, the surface charge and chitosan vehicle, as well as the skin barrier integrity, influence the skin penetration of acrylic nanocapsules. Particle localization in the intact stratum corneum of normal skin and good tolerability make the nanocapsules candidates for topical use on the skin, provided that the polymer wall allows the release of the active encapsulated substance.
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Guada M, Beloqui A, Kumar MNVR, Préat V, Dios-Viéitez MDC, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Reformulating cyclosporine A (CsA): More than just a life cycle management strategy. J Control Release 2016; 225:269-82. [PMID: 26829101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a well-known immunosuppressive agent that gained considerable importance in transplant medicine in the late 1970s due to its selective and reversible inhibition of T-lymphocytes. While CsA has been widely used to prevent graft rejection in patients undergoing organ transplant it was also used to treat several systemic and local autoimmune disorders. Currently, the neuro- and cardio-protective effects of CsA (CiCloMulsion®; NeuroSTAT®) are being tested in phase II and III trials respectively and NeuroSTAT® received orphan drug status from US FDA and Europe in 2010. The reformulation strategies focused on developing Cremophor® EL free formulations and address variable bioavailability and toxicity issues of CsA. This review is an attempt to highlight the progress made so far and the room available for further improvements to realize the maximum benefits of CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Guada
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Beloqui
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M N V Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Véronique Préat
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Del Carmen Dios-Viéitez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria J Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Zhang L, Zhao ZL, Wei XH, Liu JH. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo characterization of cyclosporin A-loaded, PEGylated chitosan-modified, lipid-based nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:601-10. [PMID: 23429854 PMCID: PMC3575177 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s39685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS A new cyclosporin A-loaded, PEGylated chitosan-modified lipid-based nanoparticle was developed to improve upon the formulation of cyclosporin A. PEGylated chitosan, synthesized in three steps using mild reaction conditions, was used to modify the nanoparticles. Cyclosporin A-loaded, PEGylated chitosan-modified nanoparticles were prepared using an emulsification/solvent evaporation method. The drug content and encapsulation efficiency of the cyclosporin A-loaded, PEGylated chitosan-modified nanoparticles were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The average size of the nanoparticles was determined by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The pharmacokinetic behavior of the nanoparticles was investigated in rabbits after intravenous injection. Cyclosporin A concentrations in a whole blood sample were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using tamoxifen as the internal standard. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the 3p87 software program. RESULTS Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed the structure of PEGylated chitosan. The drug content and encapsulation efficiency of the cyclosporin A-loaded, PEGylated chitosan-modified nanoparticles were 37.04% and 69.22%, respectively. The average size of the nanoparticles was 89.4 nm. The nanoparticles released 30% cyclosporin A-loaded in 48 hours in vitro, with no initial burst release. The mode of release in vitro was prone to bulk erosion. The in vivo results showed the biological half-life of the elimination phase (t(1/2β)) of the nanoparticles was 21 times longer than that of the cyclosporin A solution, and the area under the curve for the nanoparticles was 25.8 times greater than that of the cyclosporin A solution. CONCLUSION Modification of PEGylated chitosan prolonged the retention time of the nanoparticles in the circulatory system and improved the bioavailability of cyclosporin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Liang Zhao
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wei
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hua Liu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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