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Whitcomb LA, Cao X, Thomas D, Wiese C, Pessin AS, Zhang R, Wu JC, Weil MM, Chicco AJ. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species impact human fibroblast responses to protracted γ-ray exposures. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:890-902. [PMID: 38631047 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2338518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: Continuous exposure to ionizing radiation at a low dose rate poses significant health risks to humans on deep space missions, prompting the need for mechanistic studies to identify countermeasures against its deleterious effects. Mitochondria are a major subcellular locus of radiogenic injury, and may trigger secondary cellular responses through the production of reactive oxygen species (mtROS) with broader biological implications. Methods and Materials: To determine the contribution of mtROS to radiation-induced cellular responses, we investigated the impacts of protracted γ-ray exposures (IR; 1.1 Gy delivered at 0.16 mGy/min continuously over 5 days) on mitochondrial function, gene expression, and the protein secretome of human HCA2-hTERT fibroblasts in the presence and absence of a mitochondria-specific antioxidant mitoTEMPO (MT; 5 µM). Results: IR increased fibroblast mitochondrial oxygen consumption (JO2) and H2O2 release rates (JH2O2) under energized conditions, which corresponded to higher protein expression of NADPH Oxidase (NOX) 1, NOX4, and nuclear DNA-encoded subunits of respiratory chain Complexes I and III, but depleted mtDNA transcripts encoding subunits of the same complexes. This was associated with activation of gene programs related to DNA repair, oxidative stress, and protein ubiquination, all of which were attenuated by MT treatment along with radiation-induced increases in JO2 and JH2O2. IR also increased secreted levels of interleukin-8 and Type I collagens, while decreasing Type VI collagens and enzymes that coordinate assembly and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. MT treatment attenuated many of these effects while augmenting others, revealing complex effects of mtROS in fibroblast responses to IR. Conclusion: These results implicate mtROS production in fibroblast responses to protracted radiation exposure, and suggest potentially protective effects of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants against radiogenic tissue injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Whitcomb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Dilip Thomas
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Alissa S Pessin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Robert Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael M Weil
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA
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Marinelli Busilacchi E, Costantini A, Mancini G, Tossetta G, Olivieri J, Poloni A, Viola N, Butini L, Campanati A, Goteri G, Marzioni D, Olivieri A. Nilotinib Treatment of Patients Affected by Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Reduces Collagen Production and Skin Fibrosis by Downmodulating the TGF-β and p-SMAD Pathway. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:823-834. [PMID: 32006713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate cellular and molecular features of chronic graft-versus-host disease fibroblasts (GVHD-Fbs) and to assess the effectiveness of nilotinib as a fibrosis modulator. Growth kinetics, phenotype, and differentiation of cultured skin biopsy-derived GVHD-Fbs were compared with normal fibroblasts from both a dermal cell line (n-Fbs) and healthy individuals undergoing cosmetic surgery (n-skin-Fbs). Collagen genes (COL1α1/COL1α2) and p-SMAD2 expression were assessed by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. The in vivo effects of nilotinib on chronic GVHD (cGVHD)-affected skin were investigated by immunohistochemistry; the relationship to TGF-β plasma levels was assessed. Although the morphology, phenotype, and differentiation of cultured GVHD-Fbs were comparable to normal fibroblasts, growth was slower and senescence was reached earlier. The expression of COL1α1 and COL1α2 mRNAs was respectively 4 and 1.6 times higher in cGVHD-Fbs (P = .02); the addition of TGF-β increased n-Fbs, but not GVHD-Fbs, collagen gene expression. Compared with the baseline, the addition of 1 μM nilotinib induced 86.5% and 49% reduction in COL1α1 and COL1α2 expression in cultured GVHD-Fbs, respectively (P< .01). In vivo immunohistochemistry analysis of skin biopsy specimens from patients with cGVHD showed strong baseline staining for COL1α1 and COL1α2, which decreased sharply after 180 days of nilotinib; immunofluorescence revealed TGF-β inhibition and p-Smad2 reduction at the intracellular level. Of note, nilotinib treatment was associated with normalization of TGF-β levels both in culture supernatants and in plasma. In general, the data show that cGVHD fibroblasts promote fibrosis through abnormal collagen production induced by hyperactive TGF-β signaling. TGF-β inhibition at the intracellular and systemic level represents an essential antifibrotic mechanism of nilotinib in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Marinelli Busilacchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Hematology Unit, AUO Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Costantini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Clinical Immunology Unit, AUO Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mancini
- Hematology Unit, AUO Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Olivieri
- Department of Hematology, Centre for Transplants and Cellular Therapy, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonella Poloni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Hematology Unit, AUO Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nadia Viola
- Clinical Immunology Unit, AUO Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Butini
- Clinical Immunology Unit, AUO Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Campanati
- Dermatology Unit, AUO Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gaia Goteri
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, AUO Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Attilio Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Hematology Unit, AUO Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
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Abstract
Fibrotic diseases are not well-understood. They represent a number of different diseases that are characterized by the development of severe organ fibrosis without any obvious cause, such as the devastating diseases idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and scleroderma. These diseases have a poor prognosis comparable with endstage cancer and are uncurable. Given the phenotypic differences, it was assumed that the different fibrotic diseases also have different pathomechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that many endstage fibrotic diseases, including IPF; scleroderma; myelofibrosis; kidney-, pancreas-, and heart-fibrosis; and nonalcoholic steatohepatosis converge in the activation of the AP1 transcription factor c-JUN in the pathologic fibroblasts. Expression of the related AP1 transcription factor FRA2 was restricted to pulmonary artery hypertension. Induction of c-Jun in mice was sufficient to induce severe fibrosis in multiple organs and steatohepatosis, which was dependent on sustained c-Jun expression. Single cell mass cytometry revealed that c-Jun activates multiple signaling pathways in mice, including pAkt and CD47, which were also induced in human disease. αCD47 antibody treatment and VEGF or PI3K inhibition reversed various organ c-Jun-mediated fibroses in vivo. These data suggest that c-JUN is a central molecular mediator of most fibrotic conditions.
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Roviezzo F, Brancaleone V, Mattera Iacono V, Bertolino A, De Cunto G, Vellecco V, Lungarella G, Lucattelli M, Cirino G. Proteinase activated receptor-2 counterbalances the vascular effects of endothelin-1 in fibrotic tight-skin mice. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:4032-4042. [PMID: 27625162 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The majority of the severe vascular complications in fibrosis are a consequence of a deregulated activity of mediators controlling vasomotor tone. One of the most important of these mediators is endothelin-1 (ET-1). Here, we have investigated the role of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in the vascular dysfunction in a model of fibrosis, using tight-skin (Tsk) mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Aortas were collected from Tsk, transgenic over-expressing PAR2 (TgPAR2), PAR2 deficient (PAR2-/- ) or the corresponding WT mice. Histological and immunohistochemistry analysis for α-smooth muscle actin, PAR2 and ET-1 receptors were performed on aorta sections. Vascular responses to phenylephrine, ET-1 and PAR2 activating peptide (PAR2-AP) were assessed on aortic rings. KEY RESULTS In aortas from Tsk mice, responses to phenylephrine were reduced, contractions to ET-1 were increased and vasorelaxation to PAR2-AP was enhanced. These alterations matched changes observed in whole vessel architecture such as vascular fibre re-organization, increased collagen deposition and enhanced α-smooth muscle actin expression. Expression of both ETA receptors and PAR2 was enhanced in Tsk mice. Antagonism of PAR2 potentiated vascular effects of ET-1, whereas antagonism of ETA receptors increased vasorelaxation induced by PAR2-AP. In TgPAR2 mice, responses to ET-1 and ET-1 plasma levels were reduced. Conversely, PAR2-/- mice showed enhanced ET-1 induced contraction in aortic rings and higher circulating ET-1 levels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data show that PAR2 counterbalanced enhanced contractions to ET-1 in aortas from Tsk mice. PAR2 could represent a possible target for novel drugs in the treatment of vascular complications in fibrosis. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Brancaleone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Bertolino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Kato A, Yutani M, Terao M, Kimura A, Itoi S, Murota H, Miyoshi E, Katayama I. Oligosaccharide modification byN-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V in macrophages are involved in pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced scleroderma. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:585-90. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Kato
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Suita Osaka Japan
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Mizuki Yutani
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Suita Osaka Japan
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Mika Terao
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Akihiro Kimura
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Suita Osaka Japan
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Saori Itoi
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murota
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Suita Osaka Japan
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Motegi SI, Okada E, Uchiyama A, Yamada K, Ogino S, Yokoyama Y, Takeuchi Y, Monma F, Suzuki T, Ishikawa O. Role of endothelin-1/endothelin receptor signaling in fibrosis and calcification in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:664-9. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sei-ichiro Motegi
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Etsuko Okada
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Akihiko Uchiyama
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamada
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Sachiko Ogino
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Yoko Yokoyama
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Yuko Takeuchi
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Fumiko Monma
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
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