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Galambus J, Tsai KY. Molecular and immune targets in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:38-51. [PMID: 36000298 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer and often confers a good prognosis. Though surgery is the gold standard of treatment, unresectable or metastatic disease can necessitate systemic therapy. Of systemic agents, there is increasing interest in the use of immunotherapies and targeted therapy. Further study into the driver mutations in cSCC has identified opportunities for targeted therapy. In this review, we discuss both current and investigational immune and molecular targets of therapy for cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Galambus
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Donald A. Adam Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center of Excellence, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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2
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Masalha M, Meningher T, Mizrahi A, Barzilai A, Tabibian-Keissar H, Gur-Wahnon D, Ben-Dov IZ, Kapenhas J, Jacob-Hirsch J, Leibowitz R, Sidi Y, Avni D. MiR-199a-3p Induces Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition of Keratinocytes by Targeting RAP2B. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315401. [PMID: 36499729 PMCID: PMC9741271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is an epidermal skin cancer that evolves from normal epidermis along several pre-malignant stages. Previously we found specific miRNAs alterations in each step along these stages. miR-199a-3p expression decreases at the transition to later stages. A crucial step for epithelial carcinoma cells to acquire invasive capacity is the disruption of cell-cell contacts and the gain of mesenchymal motile phenotype, a process known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study aims to study the role of decreased expression of miR-199a-3p in keratinocytes' EMT towards carcinogenesis. First, we measured miR-199a-3p in different stages of epidermal carcinogenesis. Then, we applied Photoactivatable Ribonucleoside-Enhanced Crosslinking and Immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) assay to search for possible biochemical targets of miR-199a-3p and verified that Ras-associated protein B2 (RAP2B) is a bona-fide target of miR-199a-3p. Next, we analyzed RAP2B expression, in CSCC biopsies. Last, we evaluated possible mechanisms leading to decreased miR-199a-3p expression. miR-199a-3p induces a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) in CSSC cells. Many of the under-expressed genes in CSCC overexpressing miR-199a-3p, are possible targets of miR-199a-3p and play roles in EMT. RAP2B is a biochemical target of miR-199a-3p. Overexpression of miR-199a-3p in CSCC results in decreased phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK). In addition, inhibiting FAK phosphorylation inhibits EMT marker genes' expression. In addition, we proved that DNA methylation is part of the mechanism by which miR-199a-3p expression is inhibited. However, it is not by the methylation of miR-199a putative promoter. These findings suggest that miR-199a-3p inhibits the EMT process by targeting RAP2B. Inhibitors of RAP2B or FAK may be effective therapeutic agents for CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moamen Masalha
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Meningher
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Adi Mizrahi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Aviv Barzilai
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Pathology Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | | | - Devorah Gur-Wahnon
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Nephrology and Hypertension Services, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Iddo Z. Ben-Dov
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Nephrology and Hypertension Services, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Joshua Kapenhas
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | | | - Raya Leibowitz
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Oncology institute, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Sidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Avni
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-5307479
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Choudhary I, Hwang D, Chae J, Yoon W, Kang C, Kim E. Proteomic Changes during the Dermal Toxicity Induced by Nemopilema nomurai Jellyfish Venom in HaCaT Human Keratinocyte. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050311. [PMID: 33925349 PMCID: PMC8146130 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish venom is well known for its local skin toxicities and various lethal accidents. The main symptoms of local jellyfish envenomation include skin lesions, burning, prickling, stinging pain, red, brown, or purplish tracks on the skin, itching, and swelling, leading to dermonecrosis and scar formation. However, the molecular mechanism behind the action of jellyfish venom on human skin cells is rarely understood. In the present study, we have treated the human HaCaT keratinocyte with Nemopilema nomurai jellyfish venom (NnV) to study detailed mechanisms of actions behind the skin symptoms after jellyfish envenomation. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS), cellular changes at proteome level were examined. The treatment of NnV resulted in the decrease of HaCaT cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Using NnV (at IC50), the proteome level alterations were determined at 12 h and 24 h after the venom treatment. Briefly, 70 protein spots with significant quantitative changes were picked from the gels for MALDI-TOF/MS. In total, 44 differentially abundant proteins were successfully identified, among which 19 proteins were increased, whereas 25 proteins were decreased in the abundance levels comparing with their respective control spots. DAPs involved in cell survival and development (e.g., Plasminogen, Vinculin, EMILIN-1, Basonuclin2, Focal adhesion kinase 1, FAM83B, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1-alpha) decreased their expression, whereas stress or immune response-related proteins (e.g., Toll-like receptor 4, Aminopeptidase N, MKL/Myocardin-like protein 1, hypoxia up-regulated protein 1, Heat shock protein 105 kDa, Ephrin type-A receptor 1, with some protease (or peptidase) enzymes) were up-regulated. In conclusion, the present findings may exhibit some possible key players during skin damage and suggest therapeutic strategies for preventing jellyfish envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Choudhary
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.C.); (D.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Duhyeon Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.C.); (D.H.); (C.K.)
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jinho Chae
- Marine Environmental Research and Information Laboratory, B1101, 17 Gosan-ro 148beon-gil, Gunpo-si 15850, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (J.C.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wonduk Yoon
- Marine Environmental Research and Information Laboratory, B1101, 17 Gosan-ro 148beon-gil, Gunpo-si 15850, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (J.C.); (W.Y.)
| | - Changkeun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.C.); (D.H.); (C.K.)
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Euikyung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.C.); (D.H.); (C.K.)
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-2355; Fax: +82-55-772-2349
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Munguía-Calzada P, Fernández-Vega I, Martínez-Camblor P, Díaz-Coto S, García-Pedrero JM, Vivanco B, Osuna CG, Vazquez-Lopez F, Rodrigo JP, Santos-Juanes J. Correlation of focal adhesion kinase expression with nodal metastasis in patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2018; 41:1290-1296. [PMID: 30537291 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and cortactin overexpression is frequently detected in a variety of cancers, and has been associated with poor clinical outcome. However, there are no data in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of FAK and cortactin expression with the clinicopathologic features and the impact on the prognosis of cSCC patients. METHODS FAK and cortactin expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 100 patients with cSCC, and correlated with the clinical data. RESULTS FAK overexpression was a significant risk factor for nodal metastasis with crude and adjusted ratios (HRs) of 2.04, (95% CI [1.08-3.86], [P = 0.029]) and 2.23 (95% CI [1.01-4.91], [P = 0.047]), respectively. Cortactin expression was not a significant risk factor for nodal metastasis. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that FAK overexpression is an independent predictor of nodal metastasis that might be helpful for risk stratification and management of patients with cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Munguía-Calzada
- Service of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Iván Fernández-Vega
- Service of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Camblor
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hannover, New Hampshire.,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juana María García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Vivanco
- Service of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Galache Osuna
- Service of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco Vazquez-Lopez
- Service of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Santos-Juanes
- Service of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Smolinski MP, Bu Y, Clements J, Gelman IH, Hegab T, Cutler DL, Fang JWS, Fetterly G, Kwan R, Barnett A, Lau JYN, Hangauer DG. Discovery of Novel Dual Mechanism of Action Src Signaling and Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors (KX2-391 and KX2-361). J Med Chem 2018; 61:4704-4719. [PMID: 29617135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of potent, peptide site directed, tyrosine kinase inhibitors has remained an elusive goal. Herein we describe the discovery of two such clinical candidates that inhibit the tyrosine kinase Src. Compound 1 is a phase 3 clinical trial candidate that is likely to provide a first in class topical treatment for actinic keratosis (AK) with good efficacy and dramatically less toxicity compared to existing standard therapy. Compound 2 is a phase 1 clinical trial candidate that is likely to provide a first in class treatment of malignant glioblastoma and induces 30% long-term complete tumor remission in animal models. The discovery strategy for these compounds iteratively utilized molecular modeling, along with the synthesis and testing of increasingly elaborated proof of concept compounds, until the final clinical candidates were arrived at. This was followed with mechanism of action (MOA) studies that revealed tubulin polymerization inhibition as the second MOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Smolinski
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Yahao Bu
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - James Clements
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Irwin H Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics , Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Elm and Carlton Streets , Buffalo , New York 14263 , United States
| | - Taher Hegab
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - David L Cutler
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Jane W S Fang
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Gerald Fetterly
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Rudolf Kwan
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Allen Barnett
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Johnson Y N Lau
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - David G Hangauer
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
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Liu C, Li Y, Xing Y, Cao B, Yang F, Yang T, Ai Z, Wei Y, Jiang J. The Interaction between Cancer Stem Cell Marker CD133 and Src Protein Promotes Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) Phosphorylation and Cell Migration. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15540-50. [PMID: 27226554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD133, a widely known cancer stem cell marker, has been proved to promote tumor metastasis. However, the mechanism by which CD133 regulates metastasis remains largely unknown. Here, we report that CD133 knockdown inhibits cancer cell migration, and CD133 overexpression promotes cell migration. CD133 expression is beneficial to activate the Src-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway. Further studies show that CD133 could interact with Src, and the region between amino acids 845 and 857 in the CD133 C-terminal domain is indispensable for its interaction with Src. The interaction activates Src to phosphorylate its substrate FAK and to promote cell migration. Likewise, a Src binding-deficient CD133 mutant loses the abilities to increase Src and FAK phosphorylation and to promote cell migration. Inhibition of Src activity by PP2, a known Src activity inhibitor, could block the activation of FAK phosphorylation and cell migration induced by CD133. In summary, our data suggest that activation of FAK by the interaction between CD133 and Src promotes cell migration, providing clues to understand the migratory mechanism of CD133(+) tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China and
| | - Yinan Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China and
| | - Yang Xing
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China and
| | - Benjin Cao
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China and
| | - Fan Yang
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China and
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China and
| | - Zhilong Ai
- Division of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyan Wei
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China and
| | - Jianhai Jiang
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China and
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Ainger SA, Sturm RA. Src and SCC: getting to the FAKs. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:487-8. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Ainger
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland; School of Medicine; Translational Research Institute; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Richard A. Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland; School of Medicine; Translational Research Institute; Brisbane Qld Australia
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