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Wu W, Wang X, He K, Li C, Li S. From mice to men: An assessment of preclinical model systems for the study of vitiligo. Clin Immunol 2024; 262:110171. [PMID: 38462156 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease of multiple etiology, for which there is no complete cure. This chronic depigmentation is characterized by epidermal melanocyte loss, and causes disfigurement and significant psychosocial distress. Mouse models have been extensively employed to further our understanding of complex disease mechanisms in vitiligo, as well as to provide a preclinical platform for clinical interventional research on potential treatment strategies in humans. The current mouse models can be categorized into three groups: spontaneous mouse models, induced mouse models, and transgenic mice. Despite their limitations, these models allow us to understand the pathology processes of vitiligo at molecule, cell, tissue, organ, and system levels, and have been used to test prospective drugs. In this review, we comprehensively evaluate existing murine systems of vitiligo and elucidate their respective characteristics, aiming to offer a panorama for researchers to select the appropriate mouse models for their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinju Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaiqiao He
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Letenneur V, Monnoye M, Philippe C, Holowacz S, Rabot S, Lepage P, Jacouton E, Naudon L. Effects of a Lacticaseibacillus Mix on Behavioural, Biochemical, and Gut Microbial Outcomes of Male Mice following Chronic Restraint Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:4635. [PMID: 37960288 PMCID: PMC10648220 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of supplementation with Lactobacillus strains to prevent the consequences of chronic stress on anxiety in mouse strains sensitive to stress and the consequences on gut microbiota have been relatively unexplored. Thus, we administered a Lacticaseibacillus casei LA205 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LA903 mix to male BALB/cByJrj mice two weeks before and during 21-day chronic restraint stress (CRS) (non-stressed/solvent (NS-PBS), non-stressed/probiotics (NS-Probio), CRS/solvent (S-PBS), CRS/probiotics (S-Probio)). CRS resulted in lower body weight and coat state alteration, which were attenuated by the probiotic mix. S-Probio mice showed less stress-associated anxiety-like behaviours than their NS counterpart, while no difference was seen in PBS mice. Serum corticosterone levels were significantly higher in the S-Probio group than in other groups. In the hippocampus, mRNA expression of dopamine and serotonin transporters was lower in S-Probio than in S-PBS mice. Few differences in bacterial genera proportions were detected, with a lower relative abundance of Alistipes in S-Probio vs. S-PBS. CRS was accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of caecal acetate in S-PBS mice vs. NS-PBS, but not in the intervention groups. These data show that the probiotic mix could contribute to better coping with chronic stress, although the precise bacterial mechanism is still under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Letenneur
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.L.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.L.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Catherine Philippe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.L.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Sophie Holowacz
- PiLeJe Laboratoire, Carré Suffren, 31–35 Rue de la Fédération, CEDEX 15, 75015 Paris, France; (S.H.); (E.J.)
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.L.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Patricia Lepage
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.L.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Elsa Jacouton
- PiLeJe Laboratoire, Carré Suffren, 31–35 Rue de la Fédération, CEDEX 15, 75015 Paris, France; (S.H.); (E.J.)
| | - Laurent Naudon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Dong J, Lai Y, Zhang X, Yue Y, Zhong H, Shang J. Optimization of Monobenzone-Induced Vitiligo Mouse Model by the Addition of Chronic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086990. [PMID: 37108153 PMCID: PMC10138324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common primary, limited or generalized skin depigmentation disorder. Its pathogenesis is complex, multifactorial and unclear. For this reason, few animal models can simulate the onset of vitiligo, and studies of drug interventions are limited. Studies have found that there may be a pathophysiological connection between mental factors and the development of vitiligo. At present, the construction methods of the vitiligo model mainly include chemical induction and autoimmune induction against melanocytes. Mental factors are not taken into account in existing models. Therefore, in this study, mental inducement was added to the monobenzone (MBEH)-induced vitiligo model. We determined that chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) inhibited the melanogenesis of skin. MBEH inhibited melanin production without affecting the behavioral state of mice, but mice in the MBEH combined with CUMS (MC) group were depressed and demonstrated increased depigmentation of the skin. Further analysis of metabolic differences showed that all three models altered the metabolic profile of the skin. In summary, we successfully constructed a vitiligo mouse model induced by MBEH combined with CUMS, which may be better used in the evaluation and study of vitiligo drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yifan Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yunyun Yue
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Cosmetics, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
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An X, Lv J, Wang F. Pterostilbene inhibits melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transport through cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175231. [PMID: 36038012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pterostilbene is a trans stilbene compound, which is an effective component of herbaceous plants such as Dalbergia woods and Vaccinium. Although pterostilbene has many uses in anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor, its whitening effect is drawing more and more attention, the mechanism of melanogenesis and melanosome transport still needs further study. In this research, we tried to further investigate how melanocyte melanogenesis is affected by pterostilbene and whether pterostilbene play a part in melanin transport. Our results showed that pterostilbene has a potent inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in B16F10 cells (3 μM, p < 0.001), in-vitro human skin (10 μM, p < 0.05) and zebrafish embryos (3 μM, p < 0.01). Besides, pterostilbene not only inhibited melanogenesis, but also inhibited melanocyte dendritic development and melanosome transport. Pterostilbene mainly plays a role by inhibiting cAMP/PKA/CREB signal pathway. After the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway was inhibited, tyrosinase activity and the expression of MITF, TYR, Rab27A, Rab17 and gp100 were decreased, which in turn suppressed melanogenesis, melanocyte dendritic development and melanosome transport. Our findings showed that pterostilbene can potently inhibit melanogenesis and melanosome transport, suggesting the applicability of pterostilbene in skin lightning. Therefore, a novel pharmacologic way to treat hyperpigmentation has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong An
- Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Yunnan, 650000, China; Shanghai Jiyan Bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jinpeng Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Yunnan, 650000, China; Shanghai Jiyan Bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200000, China.
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The impact of perceived stress on the hair follicle: Towards solving a psychoneuroendocrine and neuroimmunological puzzle. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:101008. [PMID: 35660551 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While popular belief harbors little doubt that perceived stress can cause hair loss and premature graying, the scientific evidence for this is arguably much thinner. Here, we investigate whether these phenomena are real, and show that the cyclic growth and pigmentation of the hair follicle (HF) provides a tractable model system for dissecting how perceived stress modulates aspects of human physiology. Local production of stress-associated neurohormones and neurotrophins coalesces with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released from HF-associated sensory and autonomic nerve endings, forming a complex local stress-response system that regulates perifollicular neurogenic inflammation, interacts with the HF microbiome and controls mitochondrial function. This local system integrates into the central stress response systems, allowing the study of systemic stress responses affecting organ function by quantifying stress mediator content of hair. Focusing on selected mediators in this "brain-HF axis" under stress conditions, we distill general principles of HF dysfunction induced by perceived stress.
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Serotonin (5-HT) 2A Receptor Involvement in Melanin Synthesis and Transfer via Activating the PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116111. [PMID: 35682806 PMCID: PMC9245606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-HT2A serotonin receptor (HTR2A) has been reported to be involved in the serotonin- or serotonin receptor 2A agonist-induced melanogenesis in human melanoma cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HTR2A in regulating melanogenesis remain poorly understood. In this research, cultured mouse melanoma cell line B16F10, human skin, and zebrafish embryos were used to elucidate the downstream signaling of HTR2A in regulating melanogenesis and to verify the potential application of HTR2A in the treatment of pigment-associated cutaneous diseases. We demonstrated that HTR2A antagonists (AT1015 and ketanserin) attenuated the melanogenesis induction of serotonin in both mouse melanoma cells and zebrafish embryos. The agonists of HTR2A (DOI and TCB-2) increased melanin synthesis and transfer in B16F10 cells, human skin tissue, and zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, the HTR2A agonists increased the expression of proteins related to melanosome organization and melanocyte dendrites to facilitate the melanocyte migration and melanosome transport. HTR2A antagonists and genetic knockout of zebrafish htr2aa (the homologue of mammalian HTR2A gene) were also used to clarify that HTR2A mediates serotonin and DOI in regulating melanogenesis. Finally, through small scale screening of the candidate downstream pathway, we demonstrated that HTR2A mediates the melanogenesis induction of its ligands by activating the PKA/CREB signaling pathway. In this research, we further confirmed that HTR2A is a crucial protein to mediate melanocyte function. Meanwhile, this research supports that HTR2A could be designed as a drug target for the development of chemicals to treat cutaneous diseases with melanocytes or melanogenesis abnormality.
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Keratinocytes take part in the regulation of substance P in melanogenesis through the HPA axis. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 106:141-149. [PMID: 35525773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical findings have shown that skin depigmentation disorder such as vitiligo may be closely associated with the release of central and peripheral substance P (SP) resulted from chronic psychological stress or sudden mental blow. But the regulatory role of SP and its receptor, tachykinin receptor in the pathogenesis of vitiligo is unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the function and mechanism of SP in melanogenesis. METHODS The chronic mental stress was used to explore the intrinsic association between psychological factors, SP and melanogenesis disorder. The effect of SP on melanogenesis through hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis was studied by skin culture in vitro. The conditioned medium experiment demonstrated the indirect effect of SP on melanogenesis of B16F10 cells through HaCaT cells. The ability to produce melanin was evaluated by detecting melanin and tyrosinase activity. qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of related genes and proteins in melanogenesis and HPA axis. RESULTS Increased SP expression and reduction of melanogenesis in the skin of mice were observed under mental stress. Melanogenesis was suppressed in the cultured human skin treated with SP due to the down-regulation of melanin-related proteins and HPA axis genes. The melanogenesis of B16F10 cells was inhibited by the conditioned medium of HaCaT cells treated with SP. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results indicate that excess SP originated from mental stress interferes with melanogenesis through keratinocytes in the skin. The HPA axis is the key downstream to perceive the SP signaling and furtherly regulate the melanogenesis.
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Lv J, Yang Y, Jia B, Li S, Zhang X, Gao R. The Inhibitory Effect of Curcumin Derivative J147 on Melanogenesis and Melanosome Transport by Facilitating ERK-Mediated MITF Degradation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:783730. [PMID: 34887767 PMCID: PMC8649847 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.783730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of curcumin and chemically modified curcumin (CMC) for suppressing melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity have been recognized. J147 is a modified version of curcumin with superior bioavailability and stability. However, there is no report about the effects of J147 on pigmentation in vitro and in vivo. In our studies, we investigated the hypopigmentary effects of J147 treatment on melanocytes and explored the underlying mechanism. The present studies suggested that J147 suppressed both basal and α-MSH-induced melanogenesis, as well as decreased melanocyte dendricity extension and melanosome transport. J147 played these roles mainly by activating the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway. Once activated, it resulted in MITF degradation and further down-regulated the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, Myosin Va, Rab27a and Cdc42, ultimately inhibited melanin synthesis and melanosome transport. Furthermore, the hypopigmentary effects of J147 were demonstrated in vivo in a zebrafish model and UVB-induced hyperpigmentation model in brown guinea pigs. Our findings also suggested that J147 exhibited no cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these data confirmed that J147 may prove quite useful as a safer natural skin-whitening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bingyi Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Siqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ximei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Rongyin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Ren SY, Zhang YN, Wang MJC, Wen BR, Xia CY, Li X, Wang HQ, Zhang RP, Zhang Y, Wang ZZ, Chen NH. Hair growth predicts a depression-like phenotype in rats as a mirror of stress traceability. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105110. [PMID: 34166749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As a subjective mood-related disorder with an unclear mechanism, depression has many problems in its diagnosis, which offers great space and value for research. At present, the methods commonly used to judge whether an animal model of depression has been established are mainly by biochemical index detection and behavioral tests, both of which inevitably cause stress in animals. Stress-induced hair growth inhibition has been widely reported in humans and animals. The simplicity of collecting hair samples and the observable state of hair growth has significant advantages; we tried to explore whether the parameters related to hair growth could be used as auxiliary indicators to evaluate a depression model in animals. The length and weight of the hair were calculated. Correlation analysis was conducted between the depressive behavioral results and the glucocorticoid levels in hair and serum. Learned helplessness combined with chronic restraint stress, and chronic unpredictable stress in the animal were detectable by superficial observation, weight ratio, and length of hair, and follicular development scores were significantly reduced compared to the control. The hair growth parameters of rats with depression, the rise in corticosterone, and the corresponding changes in behavioral parameters were significantly correlated. The neurotrophic factors, glucocorticoid-receptor (GR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5), are associated with depression and hair growth. Significant differences were detected between the stress and control groups, suggesting that the mechanism underlying the stress-phenomenon inhibition of hair growth may be related to growth factor mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Ren
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Ya-Ni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Man-Jiang-Cuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Bi-Rui Wen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xun Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Hui-Qin Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Rui-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha Hunan, 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Lv J, Jiang S, Yang Y, Zhang X, Gao R, Cao Y, Song G. FGIN-1-27 Inhibits Melanogenesis by Regulating Protein Kinase A/cAMP-Responsive Element-Binding, Protein Kinase C-β, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:602889. [PMID: 33390991 PMCID: PMC7775666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.602889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
FGIN-1-27 is a synthetic mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptor (MDR) agonist that has demonstrated pro-apoptotic, anti-anxiety, and steroidogenic activity in various studies. Here we report, for the first time, the anti-melanogenic efficacy of FGIN-1-27 in vitro and in vivo. FGIN-1-27 significantly inhibited basal and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-, 1-Oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG)- and Endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced melanogenesis without cellular toxicity. Mushroom tyrosinase activity assay showed that FGIN-1-27 did not directly inhibit tyrosinase activity, which suggested that FGIN-1-27 was not a direct inhibitor of tyrosinase. Although it was not capable of modulating the catalytic activity of mushroom tyrosinase in vitro, FGIN-1-27 downregulated the expression levels of key proteins that function in melanogenesis. FGIN-1-27 played these functions mainly by suppressing the PKA/CREB, PKC-β, and MAPK pathways. Once inactivated, it decreased the expression of MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and inhibited the tyrosinase activity, finally inhibiting melanogenesis. During in vivo experiments, FGIN-1-27 inhibited the body pigmentation of zebrafish and reduced UVB-induced hyperpigmentation in guinea pig skin, but not a reduction of numbers of melanocytes. Our findings indicated that FGIN-1-27 exhibited no cytotoxicity and inhibited melanogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models. It may prove quite useful as a safer skin-whitening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Songzhou Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ximei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Rongyin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
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11
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Lv J, An X, Jiang S, Yang Y, Song G, Gao R. Protoporphyrin IX Stimulates Melanogenesis, Melanocyte Dendricity, and Melanosome Transport Through the cGMP/PKG Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:569368. [PMID: 33013408 PMCID: PMC7516199 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.569368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is a heterocyclic organic compound that is the last intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway. PPIX, due to its photodynamic effects, is utilized in the treatment of skin diseases. Furthermore, PPIX has been utilized as a melanogenesis-stimulating agent in various studies. However, the exact function and mechanism underlying PPIX action in melanocytes remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we sought to further investigate how PPIX affects melanocyte melanogenesis, and whether PPIX is involved in melanin transport. Our findings demonstrated that PPIX increased melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transport, in addition to increasing melanogenesis. PPIX functions primarily by activating the guanylate cyclase (GC) and cyclic guanosine 3’, 5’-monophosphate/protein kinase G (cGMP/PKG) signaling pathways. Once activated, these pathways increase tyrosinase activity and the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2 (TRP-1 and TRP-2), myosin Va, melanophinin, Ras-related protein Rab-27A (Rab27a), and cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42), promoting melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity, and melanosome transport. Furthermore, the melanogenic effects of PPIX were confirmed in vivo in a zebrafish model system. Our results indicate that PPIX is not cytotoxic and may, thus, be utilized as a pigmentation enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong An
- Shanghai Jiyan Bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Songzhou Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Rongyin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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12
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Lv J, Fu Y, Cao Y, Jiang S, Yang Y, Song G, Yun C, Gao R. Isoliquiritigenin inhibits melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transport by regulating ERK-mediated MITF degradation. Exp Dermatol 2019; 29:149-157. [PMID: 31785162 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a flavonoid component from the hydrolysis products of licorice root. It has been reported that ISL inhibited melanogenesis by suppressing the tyrosinase activity in human melanocytes. Recently, ISL was found to induce melanin degradation in human epidermal keratinocytes. However, the role of ISL in pigmentation is not fully understood. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ISL on pigmentation, and further explored the underlying mechanism. Our results suggested that ISL suppressed basal and α-MSH-, ACTH- and UV-induced melanin synthesis, in addition to inhibiting melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transport. ISL played these roles mainly by activating the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway. Once activated, it induced microphthalmia-associated transcription factor degradation and decreased the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, DCT, Rab27a and Cdc42, finally inhibited melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transport. Our findings suggested that ISL exhibited no cytotoxicity in our research, it may prove quite useful as a safer natural skin-whitening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.,Yabang Medical Research Institute, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Songzhou Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Changjun Yun
- Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Rongyin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First people's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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13
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Zhong H, Zhou J, An XH, Hua YR, Lai YF, Zhang R, Ahmad O, Zhang Y, Shang J. Natural product-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2',3,4,4'-tetrahydrochalcone analogues as antivitiligo agents. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:523-533. [PMID: 30928875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A bioactive component, 2',3,4,4'-tetrahydrochalcone (RY3-a) was first isolated from Vernohia anthelmintica (L.) willd seeds, and a set of its analogs, RY3-a-1-RY3-a-15 and RY3-c were designed and synthesized. Biological activity assays showed that RY3-c exhibited better melanogenesis and antioxidant activity and lower toxicity in comparison with RY3-a and butin. Further study tests showed that RY3-c exhibited better melanogenesis activity compared with the positive control 8-methoxypsoralan (8-MOP) in a vitiligo mouse model, suggesting that RY3-c is a good candidate antivitiligo agent. Mechanistic studies showed that RY3-c could repair cell damage induced by excessive oxidative stress and may exert melanin synthesis activity in the mouse melanoma B16F10 cell line by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the upregulation of c-kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xiao-Hong An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ying-Rong Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yi-Fan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Owais Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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14
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Henning SW, Fernandez MF, Mahon JP, Duff R, Azarafrooz F, Guevara-Patiño JA, Rademaker AW, Salzman AL, Le Poole IC. HSP70i Q435A-Encoding DNA Repigments Vitiligo Lesions in Sinclair Swine. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2531-2539. [PMID: 30031029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human HSP70iQ435A carries a single amino-acid modification within the dendritic cell activating region and tolerizes dendritic cells in vitro. The underlying DNA was used to prevent and treat disease in vitiligo mouse models through reduced dendritic cell activation and diminished skin T-cell infiltration, suggesting the same may be useful for patients. Physiologic differences between mouse and human skin then called for studies in large animals with human-like skin. We established the efficiency of DNA jet injection into swine skin before subcloning HSP70iQ435A into clinically suitable vector pUMVC3. Vitiligo lesions in Sinclair swine were treated with plasmid DNA to measure changes in depigmentation, T-cell infiltration, expression of HSP70i in skin, serum HSP70i, and anti-HSP70i serum titers. Remarkable repigmentation following HSP70iQ435A-encoding DNA treatment persisted throughout the 6-month follow-up period. Repigmentation was accompanied by an initial influx of T cells accompanied by increased CD4/CD8 ratios, waning by week 15. Melanocytes spanned the border of repigmenting skin, suggesting that melanocyte repopulation precedes skin melanization. Serum titer fluctuations were not treatment-associated. Importantly, treatment did not interfere with melanoma immunosurveillance. These data encourage clinical testing of HSP70iQ435A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Henning
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - James P Mahon
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard Duff
- Comparative Medicine Facility, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Farshid Azarafrooz
- Comparative Medicine Facility, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - José A Guevara-Patiño
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Surgery, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alfred W Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - I Caroline Le Poole
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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