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Pacheco-Tovar D, Pacheco-Tovar MG, Saavedra-Alonso S, Zapata-Benavides P, Torres-del-Muro FDJ, Bollain-y-Goytia JJ, Herrera-Esparza R, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Avalos-Díaz E. shRNA-Targeting Caspase-3 Inhibits Cell Detachment Induced by Pemphigus Vulgaris Autoantibodies in HaCaT Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8864. [PMID: 39201550 PMCID: PMC11354573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes, induced by the deposition of pemphigus IgG, which mainly targets desmogleins 1 and 3 (Dsg1 and 3). This autoantibody causes steric interference between Dsg1 and 3 and the loss of cell adhesion, producing acantholysis. This molecule and its cellular effects are clinically reflected as intraepidermal blistering. Pemphigus vulgaris-IgG (PV-IgG) binding involves p38MAPK-signaling-dependent caspase-3 activation. The present work assessed the in vitro effect of PV-IgG on the adherence of HaCaT cells dependent on caspase-3. PV-IgG induced cell detachment and apoptotic changes, as demonstrated by annexin fluorescent assays. The effect of caspase-3 induced by PV-IgG was suppressed in cells pre-treated with caspase-3-shRNA, and normal IgG (N-IgG) as a control had no relevant effects on the aforementioned parameters. The results demonstrated that shRNA reduces caspase-3 expression, as measured via qRT-PCR and via Western blot and immunofluorescence, and increases cell adhesion. In conclusion, shRNA prevented in vitro cell detachment and the late effects of apoptosis induced by PV-IgG on HaCaT cells, furthering our understanding of the molecular role of caspase-3 cell adhesion dependence in pemphigus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyanira Pacheco-Tovar
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, UACB, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Av. de la Revolución Mexicana s/n, Colonia Tierra y Libertad, Guadalupe CP 98615, Zacatecas, Mexico; (D.P.-T.); (M.-G.P.-T.); (F.-d.-J.T.-d.-M.); (J.-J.B.-y.-G.)
- School of Chemistry Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus Universitario Siglo XXI, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara, Ejido “La Escondida”, Zacatecas CP 98160, Zacatecas, Mexico
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza CP 64450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (S.S.-A.); (C.R.-P.)
| | - María-Guadalupe Pacheco-Tovar
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, UACB, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Av. de la Revolución Mexicana s/n, Colonia Tierra y Libertad, Guadalupe CP 98615, Zacatecas, Mexico; (D.P.-T.); (M.-G.P.-T.); (F.-d.-J.T.-d.-M.); (J.-J.B.-y.-G.)
- School of Chemistry Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus Universitario Siglo XXI, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara, Ejido “La Escondida”, Zacatecas CP 98160, Zacatecas, Mexico
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza CP 64450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (S.S.-A.); (C.R.-P.)
| | - Santiago Saavedra-Alonso
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza CP 64450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (S.S.-A.); (C.R.-P.)
| | - Pablo Zapata-Benavides
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza CP 64450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (S.S.-A.); (C.R.-P.)
| | - Felipe-de-Jesús Torres-del-Muro
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, UACB, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Av. de la Revolución Mexicana s/n, Colonia Tierra y Libertad, Guadalupe CP 98615, Zacatecas, Mexico; (D.P.-T.); (M.-G.P.-T.); (F.-d.-J.T.-d.-M.); (J.-J.B.-y.-G.)
- School of Chemistry Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus Universitario Siglo XXI, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara, Ejido “La Escondida”, Zacatecas CP 98160, Zacatecas, Mexico
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza CP 64450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (S.S.-A.); (C.R.-P.)
| | - Juan-José Bollain-y-Goytia
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, UACB, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Av. de la Revolución Mexicana s/n, Colonia Tierra y Libertad, Guadalupe CP 98615, Zacatecas, Mexico; (D.P.-T.); (M.-G.P.-T.); (F.-d.-J.T.-d.-M.); (J.-J.B.-y.-G.)
| | - Rafael Herrera-Esparza
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, UACB, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Av. de la Revolución Mexicana s/n, Colonia Tierra y Libertad, Guadalupe CP 98615, Zacatecas, Mexico; (D.P.-T.); (M.-G.P.-T.); (F.-d.-J.T.-d.-M.); (J.-J.B.-y.-G.)
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza CP 64450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (S.S.-A.); (C.R.-P.)
| | - Esperanza Avalos-Díaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, UACB, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Av. de la Revolución Mexicana s/n, Colonia Tierra y Libertad, Guadalupe CP 98615, Zacatecas, Mexico; (D.P.-T.); (M.-G.P.-T.); (F.-d.-J.T.-d.-M.); (J.-J.B.-y.-G.)
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2
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Mueller EJ, Rahimi S, Sauta P, Shojaeian T, Durrer L, Quinche S, Francois M, Locher E, Edler M, Illi M, Gentinetta T, Lau K, Pojer F, Borradori L, Hariton WVJ. Standardized Production of Anti-Desmoglein 3 Antibody AK23 for Translational Pemphigus Vulgaris Research. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e1118. [PMID: 39169810 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated receptor activation is successfully used to develop medical treatments. If the activation induces a pathological response, such antibodies are also excellent tools for defining molecular mechanisms of target receptor malfunction and designing rescue therapies. Prominent examples are naturally occurring autoantibodies inducing the severe blistering disease pemphigus vulgaris (PV). In the great majority of patients, the antibodies bind to the adhesion receptor desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) and interfere with cell signaling to provoke severe blistering in the mucous membranes and/or skin. The identification of a comprehensive causative signaling network downstream of antibody-targeted Dsg3 receptors (e.g., shown by pharmacological activators or inhibitors) is currently being discussed as a basis to develop urgently needed first-line treatments for PV patients. Although polyclonal PV IgG antibodies have been used as proof of principle for pathological signal activation, monospecific anti-Dsg3 antibodies are necessary and have been developed to identify pathological Dsg3 receptor-mediated signal transduction. The experimental monospecific PV antibody AK23, produced from hybridoma cells, was extensively tested in our laboratory in both in vitro and in vivo models for PV and proved to recapitulate the clinicopathological features of PV when generated using the standardized production and purification protocols described herein. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Bovine IgG stripping from FBS and quality control Basic Protocol 2: AK23 hybridoma expansion and IgG production Basic Protocol 3: AK23 IgG purification Basic Protocol 4: AK23 IgG quality control Support Protocol 1: Detection of endotoxin levels Support Protocol 2: Detection and removal of mycoplasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane J Mueller
- Department for Biomedical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Siavash Rahimi
- Department for Biomedical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Sauta
- Department for Biomedical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taravat Shojaeian
- Department for Biomedical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Durrer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, EPFL Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Soraya Quinche
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, EPFL Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Francois
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, EPFL Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Locher
- CSL, CSL Biologics Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, sitem-insel, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monika Edler
- CSL, CSL Biologics Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, sitem-insel, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marlies Illi
- CSL, CSL Biologics Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, sitem-insel, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gentinetta
- CSL, CSL Biologics Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, sitem-insel, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kelvin Lau
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, EPFL Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, EPFL Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Borradori
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - William V J Hariton
- Department for Biomedical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Huda S, Chau B, Chen C, Somal H, Chowdhury N, Cirillo N. Caspase Inhibition as a Possible Therapeutic Strategy for Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020314. [PMID: 35205180 PMCID: PMC8869094 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Pemphigus vulgaris is a potentially fatal disease characterised by blister formation affecting the skin and mouth. The mechanisms of blister formation may involve a biological process called apoptosis—a type of cell death—and some death-associated molecules known as caspases. Our review of the existing literature shows that caspase inhibitors exhibit an inhibitory effect on PV-induced apoptosis formation in vitro. In particular, activity of caspase 1 and caspase 3 is essential for the development of PV in vitro and in vivo. However, a majority of in vivo studies assessing caspase inhibition in PV models have a high risk of bias. Abstract Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an IgG-mediated autoimmune disease characterised by epithelial cell–cell detachment (acantholysis) resulting in mucocutaneous blistering. The exact pathogenesis of blister formation is unknown and this has hampered the development of non-steroidal, mechanism-based treatments for this autoimmune disease. This systematic review aims to investigate the role of caspases in the pathogenesis of PV to inform the choice of more targeted therapeutic agents. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted to identify eligible studies. Multiple phases of inclusion and exclusion of the primary articles were conducted in pairs, and studies were recorded and analysed according to the latest version of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). Risk of bias assessment was conducted for extracted in vivo animal intervention studies using SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool. Results: Eight articles from a total of 2338 in vitro, in vivo, and human studies met the inclusion criteria, with a high degree of inter-rater reliability. By and large, the results show that caspase activation was pathogenic in experimental PV because pan-caspase inhibitors could block or reduce PV acantholysis and blistering in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The pathogenic pathways identified involved caspase-1 and caspase-3. One study failed to show any improvement in the PV model with a caspase inhibitor. The majority of animal studies had high or unclear risk of bias. Conclusion: There are consistent data pointing towards a pathogenic role of caspase activation in PV acantholysis. However, high-quality evidence to confirm that caspase inhibition can prevent PV-induced blistering in vivo is limited. Therefore, further research is required to test the preclinical efficacy of caspase inhibitors in PV.
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Schmitt T, Waschke J. Autoantibody-Specific Signalling in Pemphigus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:701809. [PMID: 34434944 PMCID: PMC8381052 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.701809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus is a severe autoimmune disease impairing barrier functions of epidermis and mucosa. Autoantibodies primarily target the desmosomal adhesion molecules desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg 3 and induce loss of desmosomal adhesion. Strikingly, autoantibody profiles in pemphigus correlate with clinical phenotypes. Mucosal-dominant pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is characterised by autoantibodies (PV-IgG) against Dsg3 whereas epidermal blistering in PV and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is associated with autoantibodies against Dsg1. Therapy in pemphigus is evolving towards specific suppression of autoantibody formation and autoantibody depletion. Nevertheless, during the acute phase and relapses of the disease additional treatment options to stabilise desmosomes and thereby rescue keratinocyte adhesion would be beneficial. Therefore, the mechanisms by which autoantibodies interfere with adhesion of desmosomes need to be characterised in detail. Besides direct inhibition of Dsg adhesion, autoantibodies engage signalling pathways interfering with different steps of desmosome turn-over. With this respect, recent data indicate that autoantibodies induce separate signalling responses in keratinocytes via specific signalling complexes organised by Dsg1 and Dsg3 which transfer the signal of autoantibody binding into the cell. This hypothesis may also explain the different clinical pemphigus phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmitt
- Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Anatomische Anstalt, Lehrstuhl Anatomie I - Vegetative Anatomie, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Anatomische Anstalt, Lehrstuhl Anatomie I - Vegetative Anatomie, Munich, Germany
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5
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Burmester IAK, Flaswinkel S, Thies CS, Kasprick A, Kamaguchi M, Bumiller-Bini V, Emtenani S, Feldmann N, Kridin K, Schmidt E, van Beek N, Zillikens D, Hammers CM, Hundt JE, Ludwig RJ. Identification of novel therapeutic targets for blocking acantholysis in pemphigus. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5114-5130. [PMID: 32815159 PMCID: PMC7588822 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Pemphigus is caused by autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg) 1, Dsg3, and/or non‐Dsg antigens. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is the most common manifestation of pemphigus, with painful erosions on mucous membranes. In most cases, blistering also occurs on the skin, leading to areas of extensive denudation. Despite improvements in pemphigus treatment, time to achieve remission is long, severe adverse events are frequent and 20% of patients do not respond adequately. Current clinical developments focus exclusively on modulating B cell function or autoantibody half‐life. However, topical modulation of PV autoantibody‐induced blistering is an attractive target because it could promptly relieve symptoms. Experimental Approach To address this issue, we performed an unbiased screening in a complex biological system using 141 low MW inhibitors from a chemical library. Specifically, we evaluated PV IgG‐induced Dsg3 internalization in HaCaT keratinocytes. Validation of the 20 identified compounds was performed using keratinocyte fragmentation assays, as well as a human skin organ culture (HSOC) model. key Results Overall, this approach led to the identification of four molecules involved in PV IgG‐induced skin pathology: MEK1, TrkA, PI3Kα, and VEGFR2. Conclusion and Implications This unbiased screening revealed novel mechanisms by which PV autoantibodies induce blistering in keratinocytes and identified new treatment targets for this severe and potentially life‐threatening skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke A K Burmester
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah Flaswinkel
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Clara-Sophie Thies
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anika Kasprick
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mayumi Kamaguchi
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Valéria Bumiller-Bini
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Shirin Emtenani
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nick Feldmann
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Khalaf Kridin
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nina van Beek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer E Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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6
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Bernard A, Chevrier S, Beltjens F, Dosset M, Viltard E, Lagrange A, Derangère V, Oudot A, Ghiringhelli F, Collin B, Apetoh L, Feron O, Chen S, Arnould L, Végran F, Boidot R. Cleaved Caspase-3 Transcriptionally Regulates Angiogenesis-Promoting Chemotherapy Resistance. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5958-5970. [PMID: 31611309 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are well known for their role in apoptosis. Recently, nonapoptotic roles of caspases have been identified, however, these noncanonical roles are not well documented and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Here, we studied the role of cleaved caspase-3 using human- and mouse-proficient caspase-3 cancer cell lines and human-deficient caspase-3 cancer cells. Cleaved caspase-3 functioned as a transcription factor and directly bound to DNA. A DNA-binding domain was identified in the small subunit of caspase-3 and an active conformation was essential for caspase-3 transcriptional activity. Caspase-3 DNA binding enhanced angiogenesis by upregulating the expression of proangiogenic genes and by activating pathways that promoted endothelial cell activation. Some proapoptotic genes were downregulated in caspase-3-proficient cells. Inhibiting caspase-3 increased the efficacy of chemotherapy and decreased spontaneous tumor development. These data highlight a novel nonapoptotic role of caspase-3 and suggest that cleaved caspase-3 could be a new therapeutic target in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings report a noncanonical function of caspase-3 by demonstrating its ability to transcriptionally regulate the VEGFR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandy Chevrier
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Beltjens
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Valentin Derangère
- Inserm U1231, Dijon, France.,Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandra Oudot
- Preclinical Imaging Platform-Nuclear Medicine Department, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Inserm U1231, Dijon, France.,Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Bertrand Collin
- Preclinical Imaging Platform-Nuclear Medicine Department, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | | | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Suzie Chen
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Laurent Arnould
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Frédérique Végran
- Inserm U1231, Dijon, France.,Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Romain Boidot
- Inserm U1231, Dijon, France. .,Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
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Spindler V, Waschke J. Pemphigus-A Disease of Desmosome Dysfunction Caused by Multiple Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2018; 9:136. [PMID: 29449846 PMCID: PMC5799217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus is a severe autoimmune-blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes caused by autoantibodies reducing desmosomal adhesion between epithelial cells. Autoantibodies against the desmosomal cadherins desmogleins (Dsgs) 1 and 3 as well as desmocollin 3 were shown to be pathogenic, whereas the role of other antibodies is unclear. Dsg3 interactions can be directly reduced by specific autoantibodies. Autoantibodies also alter the activity of signaling pathways, some of which regulate cell cohesion under baseline conditions and alter the turnover of desmosomal components. These pathways include Ca2+, p38MAPK, PKC, Src, EGFR/Erk, and several others. In this review, we delineate the mechanisms relevant for pemphigus pathogenesis based on the histology and the ultrastructure of patients’ lesions. We then dissect the mechanisms which can explain the ultrastructural hallmarks detectable in pemphigus patient skin. Finally, we reevaluate the concept that the spectrum of mechanisms, which induce desmosome dysfunction upon binding of pemphigus autoantibodies, finally defines the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Spindler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Waschke
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Antonicelli
- Laboratory of Dermatology, UFR of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Department of Biological Sciences, Immunology, UFR Odontology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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