1
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Lu YY, Wu MK, Lu CC, Wang WT, Wu CH. Atopic diseases and the risk of alopecia areata among pre-teens and teenagers in Taiwan. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2024; 0:1-6. [PMID: 39152872 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_1215_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Alopecia areata (AA), a disorder of non-scarring hair loss with a variable relapsing and remitting course, is a common autoimmune disease in children. Although it often presents as several focal small patchy bald lesions, early onset AA can lead to a total loss of scalp hair, even body hairs, a severe subtype. Atopic diseases are common concurrent disorders in AA, especially among those with early onset severe type of hair loss. Whether atopic diseases increase the risk of AA in the paediatric population of Taiwan, remains unclear. Objective To identify if atopic diseases increase the risk of AA among pre-teens and teenagers in Taiwan. Methods From Taiwan National Health Insurance Database 2010, we used the claims data to clarify the risk of AA in pre-teens and teenagers with atopic diseases (atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis and food allergy) as compared to the general population. Cox proportional hazards model yielded hazard ratios (HRs) to address the impact of atopic diseases, sex and age on AA risk after adjusting for covariates and subsequent stratified analyses. Results Overall, 21,070 children (10,535 patients with atopic diseases and 10,535 normal cohort) aged over nine years were recruited. During a follow-up of 15 years, 39 (0.37%) cases were identified to have AA in the atopic diseases group, while 11 (0.10%) had developed AA in the normal cohort. As compared with the normal population, the paediatric population with atopic diseases had a 9.66-fold higher risk of developing AA. The risk was greater for boys and increased with advanced age. In the atopic diseases group, pre-teens and teenagers with food allergies and Sjogren's syndrome were more likely to have AA. Limitations Only one ethnic group. Conclusion All atopic diseases enhanced the risk of developing AA in Taiwan pre-teens and teenagers. Children with atopic diseases should be monitored to look for the development of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kung Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niaosong Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan City; Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Neihu Dist, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Neihu Dist, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Wu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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2
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Garate D, Thang CJ, Murphy TL, Sharma D, Golovko G, Wilkerson MG, Guttman-Yassky E, Gulati N, Ungar B. Evaluating alopecia areata risk among patients with seasonal and food allergies: A multicenter cohort study. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38881038 DOI: 10.1111/all.16199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- David Garate
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher J Thang
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Trevor L Murphy
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Divija Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - George Golovko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael G Wilkerson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Gulati
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Ungar
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Tsutsui E, Piontkowski AJ, Sharma D, Ramsey N, Ungar B. Association between alopecia areata and allergic diseases: An All of US database study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:772-774. [PMID: 38513967 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Tsutsui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
| | - Austin J Piontkowski
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Divija Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nicole Ramsey
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin Ungar
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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4
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Lee SH, Jung SW, Lee WS. Alopecia Areata and Season of Onset: A Retrospective Study of 492 Cases. Ann Dermatol 2024; 36:188-190. [PMID: 38816981 PMCID: PMC11148318 DOI: 10.5021/ad.23.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seung-Won Jung
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Won-Soo Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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5
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Xu W, Zhang H, Wan S, Xie B, Song X. Genetic links between atopy, allergy, and alopecia areata: insights from a Mendelian randomization study. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 20:32. [PMID: 38678274 PMCID: PMC11055271 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-024-00892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA), a prevalent form of autoimmune hair loss, has a not well-defined relationship with atopic and allergic disorders, including eczema, hay fever, and asthma. OBJECTIVES This study aims to elucidate the genetic relationship between atopy, allergies, and alopecia areata (AA) using Mendelian randomization. We hypothesize that atopic and allergic conditions contribute to the genetic predisposition of AA. METHODS We analyzed extensive genetic data from Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) involving over one million individuals. This analysis focused on assessing the genetic correlation between AA and various allergic conditions, including hay fever, eczema, asthma, and allergies to pollen, dust, and cats. The inverse variance weighted method served as our primary analytical tool, complemented by sensitivity analyses to verify the robustness of our results. RESULTS Our findings reveal a significant genetic correlation between atopy/allergies and an increased risk of AA. Notably, strong associations were observed for hay fever, eczema, asthma, and specific allergies (pollen, dust, and cats). The sensitivity analyses corroborated these associations, reinforcing the reliability of our primary results. CONCLUSIONS This study provides compelling genetic evidence of an association between atopic and allergic conditions and the development of AA. These findings suggest that individuals with such conditions may benefit from enhanced surveillance for early signs of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd 866, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Zhou J, Yang Y, Xu M, Lyu Z, Wu X. Efficacy, safety, and Pharmacoeconomics of Three Common Strategies for Pediatric Alopecia Areata Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:2947-2956. [PMID: 37873509 PMCID: PMC10590599 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s425534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate and explore the efficacy, safety, and pharmacoeconomics of three common strategies for pediatric alopecia areata. Methods Chinese pediatric alopecia areata patients meeting the criteria were included and divided into three groups based on the received treatments. The efficacy, adverse events and pharmacoeconomics of these treatments were retrospectively analyzed. Results Twenty-four pediatric AA patients were recruited in this study. 100% (12/12) of patients from the traditional group achieved SALT100. In the tofacitinib group, 40.0% (2/5) of patients achieved SALT50. 20.0% (1/5) of patients achieved SALT75 and 40.0% (2/5) of patients achieved SALT100. In the MN group, 42.86% (3/7) of patients were non-responders. 14.28 (1/7) of patients achieved SALT75 and 42.86% (3/7) of patients achieved SALT100. The adverse effects (AEs) were mild in all three groups, and none of the patients discontinued the treatments due to the AEs. Comparing the other two groups, the MN treatment would be more time-intensive and more expensive. Conclusion For newly diagnosed or naive pediatric patients, the traditional treatment was the first-line approach. For long-duration, severe and refractory patients, tofacitinib and microneedling can be alternative options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongfa Lyu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianjie Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Kwon IJ, Park JW, Kim SM, Lee KH, Park CO. Allergen-specific immunotherapy improves alopecia totalis in a severe atopic dermatitis patient. J Dermatol 2023; 50:1353-1356. [PMID: 37248786 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) is the most common allergen exacerbating atopic dermatitis (AD), and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) using HDM exhibited significant improvements in previous studies. Alopecia can occur as a complication of AD. Alopecia totalis (AT), a severe form of alopecia areata (AA), does not respond well to treatment and the chance of full recovery is less than 10%. For extensive hair loss, topical immunotherapy such as diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) is used as the first-line treatment. However, since DPCP is a kind of contact allergen, it has the potential to exacerbate AD. A 38-year-old man with AD and AA visited our clinic with symptoms worsening from 3 months ago. Although taking oral methylprednisolone (8 mg/day) and cyclosporine (100 mg/day) for 3 months, he has lost over 90% of his hair and the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) was 43. Total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were 4454 kU/L (normal <100 kU/L) and the specific IgE levels for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae following ImmunoCAP® were 20.8 and 37.4 kU/L, respectively. This patient did not respond well to previous treatment and was reluctant to use long-term steroids, so subcutaneous AIT using HDM was administered along with oral cyclosporine (100 mg/day). Topical tacrolimus was also applied to the AD lesions throughout the body. To reduce itching, nonsedative antihistamines were used if necessary. Hair loss was almost completely improved 1 year after the AIT initiation and the skin lesions of AD also improved (EASI 2.4). The specific IgE levels for D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae were 3.73 and 7.16 kU/L, respectively. Herein, we report a patient with promising results following AIT for AT with severe AD. In severe alopecic patients with AD refractory to conventional treatment, including immunosuppressants, AIT could be considered as a treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Joo Kwon
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Won Park
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Min Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Zeng Z, Li S, Ye Y, Ling Y, Gong Y, Zi X, Yang J, McElwee KJ, Zhang X. Allergen desensitization reduces the severity of relapsed alopecia areata in dust-mite allergic patients. Exp Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 37114716 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Atopy may be a facilitating factor in some alopecia areata (AA) patients with early disease onset and more severe/extensive AA. The underlying immune mechanisms are unknown, but allergen responses may support a pro-inflammatory environment that indirectly promotes AA. To investigate the long-term effect of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) against house dust mite (HDM) allergy on disease severity and prognosis for AA patients. An observational comparative effectiveness study was conducted on 69 AA patients with HDM allergy. 34 patients received conventional/traditional AA treatment (TrAA) plus AIT (AIT-TrAA), and 35 patients received TrAA alone. Serum total immunoglobulin E (tIgE), HDM specific IgE (sIgE), HDM specific IgG4 (sIgG4) and cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-33, IFNγ) were quantified in these patients, together with 58 non-allergic AA patients and 40 healthy controls. At the end of the 3-year desensitization course, the AIT-TrAA group presented with lower SALT scores than the TrAA group, especially in non-alopecia totalis/universalis (AT/U) patients and pre-adolescent AT/U patients (age ≤ 14). In patients with elevated tIgE levels before AIT, a decrease in tIgE was correlated to reduced extent of AA on completion of the AIT course. After desensitization, elevation of IL-5 and decrease of IL-33 were observed in HDM allergic-AA patients. Desensitization to HDM in allergic AA patients reduces the severity of relapse-related hair loss over the 3-year AIT treatment course, possibly via opposing Th2 dominance. This adjunctive treatment may help reduce disease severity and curtail the disease process in allergic patients with AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Shuifeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanting Ye
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Ling
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yugang Gong
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zi
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kevin J McElwee
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xingqi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Influence of climate factors on pediatric alopecia areata flares in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21034. [PMID: 34702837 PMCID: PMC8548540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with alopecia areata (AA) may experience episodic disease flares characterized by increasing hair loss that follow a seasonal pattern. However, no studies have examined whether specific climate factors contribute to the seasonal pattern of AA flares. Using Spearman rank correlation analyses, we assessed the association between climate variables and AA flare frequency per month in 336 children with AA in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Region-specific monthly values for average ambient temperature, air pressure, cloudiness, hours of sunlight, relative humidity, number of days with sun, number of days with rain, volume of precipitation, wind gust, wind speed, and UV index from January 2015 to December 2017 were obtained from World Weather Online. We found significant (P < 0.05) correlations between AA flare frequency and UV index (R = − 0.66), precipitation (R = − 0.66), number of days with rain (R = − 0.70), number of days with sun (R = 0.62), and air pressure (R = 0.80). Stratified analyses showed even stronger associations with UV index and precipitation in patients with an atopic comorbidity. New significant correlations appeared with temperature, wind speed, and UV index of the prior month. However, in patients who did not have atopic comorbidities, we generally observed weaker and non-significant correlations between climate and AA flare frequency. This study suggests that certain climate factors may mediate the seasonal pattern of AA flares and may contribute to AA pathogenesis. Atopic AA patients may be more susceptible to the influence of climate compared to those with no history of atopy.
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Zhou C, Li X, Wang C, Zhang J. Alopecia Areata: an Update on Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 61:403-423. [PMID: 34403083 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common chronic tissue-specific autoimmune disease, resulting in hair loss, that affects up to 2% of the general population. The exact pathobiology of AA has still remained elusive, while the common theory is the collapse of the immune privilege of the hair follicle caused by immunological mechanism. Multiple genetic and environment factors contribute to the pathogenesis of AA. There are several clinical treatments for AA, varying from one or multiple well-defined patches to more diffuse or total hair loss of the scalp (alopecia totalis) or hair loss of the entire body (alopecia universalis). The available treatments for AA, such as corticosteroids and other immunomodulators, minoxidil, and contact immunotherapy, are of limited efficacy with a high risk of adverse effects and high recurrence rates, especially for patients with severe AA. Recent insights into the pathogenesis of AA have led to the development of new treatment strategies, such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, biologics, and several small molecular agents. In addition, modern therapies for AA, including antihistamines, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection, and other novel therapies have been well explored. In this review, we discussed the recent advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
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Harada K, Irisawa R, Ito T, Uchiyama M, Tsuboi R. The effectiveness of dupilumab in patients with alopecia areata who have atopic dermatitis: a case series of seven patients. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:396-397. [PMID: 32118289 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Harada
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Irisawa
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Uchiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Tsuboi
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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