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Novak JR, August KJ, Kavookjian J, Whitley H, Burnett D. Exploring typologies of appraisals, involvement, and distress in type 2 diabetes family members. J Health Psychol 2023; 28:133-148. [PMID: 35924837 DOI: 10.1177/13591053221115326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study conducted a latent profile analysis from a US national sample of 446 family members to identify and predict unique clusters of family members' PWD illness appraisals, involvement, and psychological distress. Time since diagnosis, diabetes adherence, the relationship with the PWD, age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and economic pressure were included as predictors. Class membership was used to predict the family members' own health behaviors (sleep quality, days of physical activity, and diet quality). Results revealed four distinct classes: Moderately Concerned, Involved, and Distressed (32.51%), Least Concerned, Distressed, and Involved (27.13%), Less Concerned and Distressed, Moderately Involved (23.77%), and Most Concerned, Involved, and Distressed (16.82%). The significant predictors and outcomes of class membership revealed interesting patterns in associations with class membership. Consequently, in addition to involving family members, health promotion and intervention efforts must consider the psychological health and illness appraisals of family members rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh R Novak
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Kristin J August
- Department of Psychology and Health Sciences Center, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Jan Kavookjian
- Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Heather Whitley
- Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Donna Burnett
- Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Novak JR, Gast J, Peak T, Johnson R, Morrey R, Smith M, Souders M. A Case Study of Health-Related Support Processes in 2 Happy, Gay Couples. Am J Lifestyle Med 2019; 12:462-471. [PMID: 30783399 DOI: 10.1177/1559827618788854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this case study was to explore 2, early-relationship, same-sex couples on the strategies used to support their partner's engagement in health promoting behaviors. A semistructured interview protocol was used to conduct 120-minute interviews with each couple and analyzed using grounded theory methods. Five organizing categories emerged during the analysis, resulting in a conceptual process model of health-related support in same-sex relationships. These categories, provided a snapshot of how processes interact with each other; they were context, relationship dynamics, health support processes, couple adaptation, and balancing physical/relational health. Couples described the balancing of relational and physical health as an ongoing, important theme in the success of health support. Implications for both health prevention and intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh R Novak
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies (JRN, RJ), Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences (JG, RM, M Smith, M Souders), Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology Department (TP), Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Julie Gast
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies (JRN, RJ), Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences (JG, RM, M Smith, M Souders), Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology Department (TP), Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Terry Peak
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies (JRN, RJ), Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences (JG, RM, M Smith, M Souders), Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology Department (TP), Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Rhees Johnson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies (JRN, RJ), Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences (JG, RM, M Smith, M Souders), Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology Department (TP), Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Rachel Morrey
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies (JRN, RJ), Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences (JG, RM, M Smith, M Souders), Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology Department (TP), Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Madeline Smith
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies (JRN, RJ), Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences (JG, RM, M Smith, M Souders), Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology Department (TP), Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Marissa Souders
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies (JRN, RJ), Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences (JG, RM, M Smith, M Souders), Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology Department (TP), Utah State University, Logan, Utah
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