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Sokolov AY, Volynsky MA, Potapenko AV, Iurkova PM, Zaytsev VV, Nippolainen E, Kamshilin AA. Duality in response of intracranial vessels to nitroglycerin revealed in rats by imaging photoplethysmography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11928. [PMID: 37488233 PMCID: PMC10366118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Among numerous approaches to the study of migraine, the nitroglycerin (NTG) model occupies a prominent place, but there is relatively insufficient information about how NTG affects intracranial vessels. In this study we aim to assess the effects of NTG on blood-flow parameters in meningeal vessels measured by imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) in animal experiments. An amplitude of the pulsatile component (APC) of iPPG waveform was assessed before and within 2.5 h after the NTG administration in saline (n = 13) or sumatriptan (n = 12) pretreatment anesthetized rats in conditions of a closed cranial window. In animals of both groups, NTG caused a steady decrease in blood pressure. In 7 rats of the saline group, NTG resulted in progressive increase in APC, whereas decrease in APC was observed in other 6 rats. In all animals in the sumatriptan group, NTG administration was accompanied exclusively by an increase in APC. Diametrically opposite changes in APC due to NTG indicate a dual effect of this drug on meningeal vasomotor activity. Sumatriptan acts as a synergist of the NTG vasodilating action. The results we obtained contribute to understanding the interaction of vasoactive drugs in the study of the headache pathophysiology and methods of its therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Y Sokolov
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Cortico-Visceral Physiology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim A Volynsky
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Functional Materials and Systems for Photonics, Institute of Automation and Control Processes of Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anastasiia V Potapenko
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medical Genetic Center, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina M Iurkova
- Laboratory of Functional Materials and Systems for Photonics, Institute of Automation and Control Processes of Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
- Faculty of General Therapy, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeriy V Zaytsev
- Laboratory of Functional Materials and Systems for Photonics, Institute of Automation and Control Processes of Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ervin Nippolainen
- Laboratory of Functional Materials and Systems for Photonics, Institute of Automation and Control Processes of Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexei A Kamshilin
- Laboratory of Functional Materials and Systems for Photonics, Institute of Automation and Control Processes of Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.
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Therapeutic potential of bromhexine for acute itch in mice: Involvement of TMPRSS2 and kynurenine pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109919. [PMID: 36842232 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Itching is an unpleasant sensation on the skin that could negatively impact the quality of life. Over the years, many non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches have been introduced to mitigate this burdensome condition; However, the effectiveness of these methods remains questioned. Bromhexine, derived from the Adhatoda vasica plant, is a safe drug with minimal side effects. It has been widely used in managing respiratory symptoms over the years. The results of our study revealed that bromhexine has the potential to alleviate acute itch induced by Compound 48/80, a known mast cell destabilizer. According to our findings, bromhexine exerts its antipruritic effects primarily by inhibiting the Transmembrane Protein Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and, to a lesser extent, by decreasing the activation of the Kynurenine Pathway (KP). We further investigated the KP involvement by administrating 1-Methyl Tryptophan (1-MT), a known indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor. 1-MT was found to be effective in reducing the itch itself. Moreover, co-administration of bromhexine and 1-MT resulted in synergistic antipruritic effects, suggesting that KP plays a role in acute itch. To conclude, we have presented for the first time a repositioning of bromhexine as a treatment for acute itch. In addition, we addressed the involvement of TMPRSS2 and KP in this process.
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Mumtaz F, Rashki A, Imran Khan M, Shadboorestan A, Abdollahi A, Ghazi-Khansari M, Alotaibi G, Dehpour AR. Neuroprotective effect of sumatriptan in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure is mediated through N-methyl-D-aspartate/nitric oxide and cAMP response element-binding protein signaling pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:250-261. [PMID: 34545607 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Seizure occurs as a result of uncontrolled electrical disturbances within the brain. Various biomolecules such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), nitric oxide (NO), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of seizure. Sumatriptan is a specific 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1B/1D receptor agonist and has neuroprotective effects in various neuropsychiatric disorders. In the current study, we tried to investigate the possible interaction of sumatriptan with NMDA/NO and CREB signaling pathway in PTZ induced seizure. For this purpose, various agonist and antagonist of NMDA such as MK-801 and Ketamine, NO precursor L-ARG, and NOS inhibitors L-NAME and 7-NI were co-administered with sumatriptan in PTZ induced seizure model. The level of nitrite in mice hippocampus was determined by Griess reaction. The gene expression of NR1, NR2A, NR2B, and CREB were quantified by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, the involved neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) protein expression was examined via western blot analysis. Effective dose of sumatriptan (1.2 mg/kg) alone and subeffective dose of sumatriptan (0.3 mg/kg) in combination with NMDA and/or NO antagonist showed significant (P < 0.001) anticonvulsant activity in mice. Furthermore, sumatriptan significantly inhibited the PTZ-induced mRNA expression of NR2A (P < 0.0001), NR2B (P < 0.05), and CREB (P < 0.01). Also, the expression of nNOS protein in PTZ treated group was reversed by sumatriptan (P < 0.01). Hence, current findings suggest that the anticonvulsant effect of sumatriptan was due to down regulation of NMDA/NO and CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Mumtaz
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Campus of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Rashki
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amir Shadboorestan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghallab Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ala M, Ghasemi M, Mohammad Jafari R, Dehpour AR. Beyond its anti-migraine properties, sumatriptan is an anti-inflammatory agent: A systematic review. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:896-906. [PMID: 33792938 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sumatriptan is the first available medication from triptans family that was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for migraine attacks and cluster headaches in 1991. Most of its action is mediated by selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonism. Recent investigations raised the possibility of repositioning of this drug to other indications beyond migraine, as increasing evidence suggests for an anti-inflammatory property of sumatriptan. We performed a literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar using "inflammation AND sumatriptan" or "inflammation AND 5HT1B/D" as the keywords. Then, articles were screened for their relevance and those directly discussing the correlation between inflammation and sumatriptan or 5HT1B/D were included. Total references reviewed or inclusion/exclusion were 340 retrieved full-text articles (n = 340), then based on critical assessment 66 of them were included in this systematic review. Our literature review indicates that at low doses, sumatriptan can reduce inflammatory markers (e.g., interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nuclear factor-κB), affects caspases and changes cells lifespan. Additionally, nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide signaling seem to be regulated by this drug. It also inhibits the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide. Sumatriptan protects against many inflammatory conditions including cardiac and mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion, skin flap, pruritus, peripheral, and central nervous system injuries such as spinal cord injury, testicular torsion-detorsion, oral mucositis, and other experimental models. Considering the safety and potency of low dose sumatriptan compared to corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive medications, it is worth to take advantage of sumatriptan in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sumatriptan alleviates radiation-induced oral mucositis in rats by inhibition of NF-kB and ERK activation, prevention of TNF-α and ROS release. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 119:104919. [PMID: 32977152 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral mucositis caused by radiation therapy is a common problem in cancer patients, especially those with head and neck cancer. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have attempted to find a drug to alleviate oral mucositis. Sumatriptan, is conventionally used to treat migraine attack and cluster headache. Recently, low doses have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study we aimed to measure the effect of sumatriptan on experimental radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study evaluates the use of sumatriptan 0.3 and 1 mg/kg in radiation-induced oral mucositis. In order to induce oral mucositis, six rats from each group received 8-Gy of X-ray in a single session. Likewise, three rats from each group received 26-Gy of X-ray. The latter dose of X-ray was used for inducing severe mucositis and apoptosis evaluation by TUNEL assay, while the first dose was used for histopathological and molecular assessments. On 8th day after irradiation, specimens were collected from their tongues for histology, TUNEL and molecular assessments. RESULTS Radiation caused mucosal atrophy, derangement of the tissue and vasodilation. Sumatriptan significantly decreased histopathological score and alleviated mucosal atrophy. As well, there was no evidence of vasodilation in the sumatriptan group. Likewise, sumatriptan decreased the increased level of NF-kB and prevented its activation as well as ERK phosphorylation. In addition, Sumatriptan-treated rats had lower tissue level of TNF-α, reactive oxygen species and fewer apoptotic cells in TUNEL assay. CONCLUSION Based on study results, sumatriptan mitigate radiation-induced oral mucositis by inhibiting NF-kB, ERK and limiting the release of TNF-α, oxidative stress factor and apoptosis.
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Afshari K, Dehdashtian A, Haddad NS, Jazaeri SZ, Ursu DC, Khalilzadeh M, Haj-Mirzaian A, Shakiba S, Burns TC, Tavangar SM, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR. Sumatriptan improves the locomotor activity and neuropathic pain by modulating neuroinflammation in rat model of spinal cord injury. Neurol Res 2020; 43:29-39. [PMID: 32935647 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1819090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the therapeutic effects of sumatriptan in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) and possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms underlying this effect. METHODS Using an aneurysm mini-clip model of contusive SCI, T9-10 laminectomies were performed for 60 male rats. Animals were divided into six experimental groups (n = 10 per group) as follows: a minocycline administered positive control group, a saline-vehicle negative control group, a sham-operated group, and three experimental groups which received separate doses of sumatriptan (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg). Behavioural assessments were used to evaluate locomotor activity and neuropathic pain for 28 days. At the end of the study, spinal cord tissues were collected from sacrificed animals for histopathological analysis. Levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and two pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and interleukin [IL]-1β) were assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Sumatriptan significantly (P < 0.001) improved the locomotor activity in SCI group. Sumatriptan was also more effective than the positive control, i.e. minocycline (0.3 mg/kg). Additionally, sumatriptan and minocycline similarly attenuated the mechanical and thermal allodynia in SCI (P < 0.001). TNF-α, IL-1β and CGRP levels in sumatriptan- and minocycline-treated groups significantly (P < 0.001) decreased compared to controls. Histopathological analysis also revealed a markedly improvement in hemorrhage followed by inflammatory cell invasion, neuronal vacuolation, and cyst formation in both sumatriptan- and minocycline-treated groups compared to control animals. CONCLUSIONS Sumatriptan improves functional recovery from SCI through its anti-inflammatory effects and reducing pro-inflammatory and pain mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Afshari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Dehdashtian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazgol-Sadat Haddad
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Daniel C Ursu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan , USA
| | - Mina Khalilzadeh
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Shakiba
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Terry C Burns
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester , USA
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine , Worcester, MA
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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Involvement of 5-HT1B/1D receptors in the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173265. [PMID: 32574671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is caused by an abrupt cessation of blood flow to the small intestine. Reperfusion is the return of blood flow to the ischemic bowel. Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species, local inflammatory response, and may lead to the patient's death. Pre-treatment of the intestinal may reduce the high mortality associated with AMI. 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1B (5-HT1B) and 5-HT1D receptors have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in different experimental studies. We aimed to investigate the potential involvement of these receptors in intestinal I/R injury. Firstly, we assessed the expression and localization of 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors in the enteric nervous system using an immunofluorescence-based method. Intestinal I/R in rats was induced by 30 min occlusion of superior mesenteric artery and reperfusion for 2 h. Rats were randomly divided in different control and I/R groups (n = 6) receiving either vehicle, sumatriptan (5-HT1B/1D receptors agonist; 0.1 mg/kg), GR127,935 (5-HT1B/1D receptors antagonist; 0.1 mg/kg) and combination of sumatriptan (0.1 mg/kg) + GR127,935 (0.1 mg/kg) before determination of biochemical and histological parameters. In the enteric nervous system, 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors were expressed 17% and 11.5%, respectively. Pre-treatment with sumatriptan decreased 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) level by 53%, and significantly decreased calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels, lipid pereoxidation, neutrophil infiltration, and level of pro-inflammatory markers in the serum. Histopathologic studies also showed a remarkable decrease in intestinal tissue injury. These findings suggest that sumatriptan may inhibit intestinal injury induced by I/R through modulating the inflammatory response by activation of 5-HT1B/1D receptors.
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Hemmati S, Rahimi N, Dabiri S, Alaeddini M, Etemad-Moghadam S, Dehpour AR. Inhibition of ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis by sumatriptan through the nitric oxide pathway in mice. Life Sci 2019; 236:116901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ajayi AAL. Itching, chloroquine, and malaria: a review of recent molecular and neuroscience advances and their contribution to mechanistic understanding and therapeutics of chronic non-histaminergic pruritus. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:880-891. [PMID: 30362504 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) is an antimalarial drug that elicits severe pruritus in black Africans with malaria fever. This acute itching (2-7 days duration) exhibits age dependency and a racial and genetic predilection. CQ itch is non-histaminergic, which makes it both a good model and a tool to probe the mechanisms of chronic itch. This review focuses on recently discovered mechanisms, neuroscience, mediators, and receptors that are implicated in molecular studies of CQ pruritus. CQ pruritus mechanisms are also compared to that of itching following other systemic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, skin disorders, and burns. There are striking similarities between CQ itching pathways and other chronic itch secondary to systemic disease with or without skin lesions, which have not been previously highlighted. Prominent among these are the shared roles of skin, neural and spinal μ opiate receptors, kappa opiate receptor, nitric oxide, serotonin via 5HT1B/D receptors, cytokines, especially interleukins, and tumor necrosis factor. There is elaborate "cross talk" among the diverse mediators and receptors involved in CQ-induced pruritus. CQ also binds to the mas-related G protein coupled receptors MrgprA3/MrgprX1 present in a small proportion (4-5%) of dorsal root ganglion neurons and skin. The mrgprA3 CQ receptors are coupled to PLC-β3 and a chloride channel to initiate skin itch action potentials in C nerve fibers. Mrgpra3/X1 couples to TRPA1 for calcium influx into neuronal cells at noncutaneous sites. Central CQ itch occurs via gastrin-related peptide (GRP) and its receptor (GRPR) in the dorsal spinothalamic tracts, as well as glutamic mediated GRP projection to parabrachial nucleus. The possibility of chronic itch therapy based on personalized medicine, genetics, and transcriptomics or the use of itch "polypill/polycream" are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesuyi A L Ajayi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Attenuation of serotonin-induced itch by sumatriptan: possible involvement of endogenous opioids. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:165-172. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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