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Li S, Liu M, Yang J, Yan X, Wu Y, Zhang L, Zeng M, Zhou D, Peng Y, Sessler DI. Intravenous tranexamic acid for intracerebral meningioma resections: A randomized, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial. J Clin Anesth 2024; 92:111285. [PMID: 37857168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2023.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic that is widely used to reduce surgical bleeding. However, TXA occasionally causes seizures and the risk might be especially great after neurosurgery. We therefore tested the hypothesis that TXA does not meaningfully increase the risk of postoperative seizures within 7 days after intracranial tumor resections. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial. SETTING Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University. PATIENTS 600 patients undergoing supratentorial meningioma resection were included from October 2020 to August 2022. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned to a single dose of 20 mg/kg of TXA after induction (n = 300) or to the same volume of normal saline (n = 300). MEASUREMENT The primary outcome was postoperative seizures occurring within 7 days after surgery, analyzed in both the intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations. Non-inferiority was defined by an upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for the absolute difference being <5.5%. Secondary outcomes included incidence of non-epileptic complication within 7 days, changes in hemoglobin concentration, estimated intraoperative blood loss. Post hoc analyses included the types and timing of seizures, oozing assessment, and a sensitivity analysis for the primary outcome in patients with pathologic diagnosis of meningioma. MAIN RESULTS All 600 enrolled patients adhered to the protocol and completed the follow-up for the primary outcome. Postoperative seizures occurred in 11 of 300 (3.7%) of patients randomized to normal saline and 13 of 300 (4.3%) patients assigned to tranexamic acid (mean risk difference, 0.7%; 1-sided 97.5% CI, -∞ to 4.3%; P = 0.001 for noninferiority). No significant differences were observed in any secondary outcome. Post hoc analysis indicated similar amounts of oozing, calculated blood loss, recurrent seizures, and timing of seizures. CONCLUSION Among patients having supratentorial meningioma resection, a single intraoperative dose of TXA did not significantly reduce bleeding and was non-inferior with respect to postoperative seizures after surgery. REGISTRY INFORMATION This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04595786) on October 22, 2020, by Dr.Yuming Peng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Minying Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingchao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital, Chinses Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yaru Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liyong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Dabiao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yuming Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Outcome Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Daniel I Sessler
- Outcome Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Outcome Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Gunn F, Stevenson R, Almuwallad A, Rossetto A, Vulliamy P, Brohi K, Davenport R. A comparative analysis of tranexamic acid dosing strategies in traumatic major hemorrhage. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2024; 96:216-224. [PMID: 37872678 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a life-saving treatment for traumatic hemorrhage, but the optimal dosing regimen remains unknown. Different doses and treatment strategies have been proposed, including single bolus, repeated bolus, or bolus plus infusion. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different TXA dosing strategies on clinical outcomes in bleeding trauma patients. METHODS Secondary analysis of a perpetual cohort study from a UK Level I trauma center. Adult patients who activated the local major hemorrhage protocol and received TXA were included. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 24-hour mortality, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, venous thromboembolism, and rotational thromboelastometry fibrinolysis. RESULTS Over an 11-year period, 525 patients were included. Three dosing groups were identified: 1 g bolus only (n = 317), 1 g bolus +1 g infusion over 8 hours (n = 80), and 2 g bolus (n = 128). Demographics and admission physiology were similar, but there were differences in injury severity (median Injury Severity Score, 25, 29, and 25); and admission systolic blood pressure (median Systolic Blood Pressure, 99, 108, 99 mm Hg) across the 1-g, 1 g + 1 g, and 2-g groups. 28-day mortality was 21% in each treatment group. The incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was significantly higher in the bolus plus infusion group (84%) vs. 1 g bolus (64%) and 2 g bolus (62%) group, p = 0.002, but on multivariable analysis was nonsignificant. Venous thromboembolism rates were similar in the 1-g bolus (4%), 2 g bolus (8%) and bolus plus infusion groups (7%). There was no difference in rotational thromboelastometry maximum lysis at 24 hours: 5% in both the 1-g and 2-g bolus groups vs. 4% in bolus plus infusion group. CONCLUSION Clinical outcomes and 24-hour fibrinolysis state were equivalent across three different dosing strategies of TXA. Single bolus administration is likely preferable to a bolus plus infusion regimen. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Gunn
- From the Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry (F.G., R.S., A.A., A.R., P.V., K.B., R.D.), Queen Mary University of London; Barts Health National Health Service Trust (P.V., K.B., R.D.), London; Greater Glasgow and Clyde National Health Service Scotland (F.G.), Scotland; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing (F.G.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and Emergency Medical Services Department (A.A.), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Brenner A, Shakur-Still H, Chaudhri R, Muganyizi P, Olayemi O, Arribas M, Kayani A, Javid K, Bello A, Roberts I. Tranexamic acid by the intramuscular or intravenous route for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in women at increased risk: a randomised placebo-controlled trial (I'M WOMAN). Trials 2023; 24:782. [PMID: 38044460 PMCID: PMC10694937 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) causes about 70,000 maternal deaths every year. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a life-saving treatment for women with PPH. Intravenous (IV) TXA reduces deaths due to PPH by one-third when given within 3 h of childbirth. Because TXA is more effective when given early and PPH usually occurs soon after childbirth, giving TXA just before childbirth might prevent PPH. Although several randomised trials have examined TXA for PPH prevention, the results are inconclusive. Because PPH only affects a small proportion of births, we need good evidence on the balance of benefits and harms before using TXA to prevent PPH. TXA is usually given by slow IV injection. However, recent research shows that TXA is well tolerated and rapidly absorbed after intramuscular (IM) injection, achieving therapeutic blood levels within minutes of injection. METHODS The I'M WOMAN trial is an international, multicentre, three-arm, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the effects of IM and IV TXA for the prevention of PPH in women with one or more risk factors for PPH giving birth vaginally or by caesarean section. DISCUSSION The trial will provide evidence of the benefits and harms of TXA for PPH prevention and the effects of the IM and IV routes of administration. The IM route should be as effective as the IV route for preventing bleeding. There may be fewer side effects with IM TXA because peak blood concentrations are lower than with the IV route. IM TXA also has practical advantages as it is quicker and simpler to administer. By avoiding the need for IV line insertion and a slow IV injection, IM administration would free up overstretched midwives and doctors to focus on looking after the mother and baby and expand access to timely TXA treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05562609. Registered on 3 October 2022. ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN12590098. Registered on 20 January 2023. Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR202305473136570. Registered on 18 May 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Brenner
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | - Monica Arribas
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aasia Kayani
- Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Javid
- Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ian Roberts
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Jao SW, Hsiao KH, Lin HC, Lee CC, Lin TC, Chen WS, Lin CC, Lee TY, Jiang JK, Wu CC, Hu OYP. Safety and Efficacy of Oral Nalbuphine on Postoperative Pain in Hemorrhoidectomy Patients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Pivotal Trial. Clin J Pain 2023; 39:686-694. [PMID: 37732966 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Severe postoperative pain requiring opioid treatment has been reported in 20% to 40% of hemorrhoidectomy patients. Compared with morphine, nalbuphine offers better hemodynamic stability, a lower risk of respiratory depression, and a lower potential for addiction. Nalbuphine was developed from the intravenous form into an oral form (PHN131) to alleviate moderate-to-severe pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose, parallel-design trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PHN131 in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either PHN131 soft capsules containing nalbuphine hydrochloride 60 mg or placebo capsules. Intramuscular diclofenac was the rescue analgesic. Pain was measured by the area under the curve of mean Visual Analog Scale pain intensity scores. RESULTS Visual Analog Scale results in patients receiving PHN131 were significantly lower than placebo group scores through 48 hours postoperatively (149.2±75.52 vs. 179.6±65.97; P =0.0301). According to Brief Pain Inventory Short-Form scores, the impact of pain on quality of life was significantly smaller for the PHN131 group than for the placebo group. Time to the first use of diclofenac postoperatively was significantly longer in the PHN131 group than in the placebo group. The cumulative dosage of diclofenac in the PHN131 group was only around half of that in the placebo group ( P <0.0001). Drug-related adverse events were mild-to-moderate and resolved by the treatment end. No drug-related severe adverse events were observed. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that PHN131 is effective and well-tolerated in the treatment of moderate-to-severe post hemorrhoidectomy pain and may provide another option for patients to control their pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Jao
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital
- National Defense Medical Center
| | - Koung-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Taipei Branch
| | | | - Chia-Cheng Lee
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital
| | - Tzu-Chen Lin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Wei-Shone Chen
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, En Chu Kong Hospital
| | - Chun-Chi Lin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Tsai-Yu Lee
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City
| | - Jeng-Kai Jiang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Chang-Chieh Wu
- National Defense Medical Center
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital Keelung Branch, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Oliver Yoa-Pu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City
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Lynghaug T, Bakke HK, Fuskevåg OM, Nielsen EW, Dietrichs ES. HOW SHOULD TRANEXAMIC ACID BE ADMINISTERED IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK? CONTINUOUS SERUM CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS IN A SWINE MODEL. Shock 2023; 60:707-712. [PMID: 37695638 PMCID: PMC10662641 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background : Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces mortality in trauma patients. Intramuscular (IM) administration could be advantageous in low-resource and military settings. Achieving the same serum concentration as intravenous (IV) administration is important to achieve equal mortality reduction. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether dividing an IM dose of TXA between two injection sites and whether an increase in dose would lead to serum concentrations comparable to those achieved by IV administration. Methods : Norwegian landrace pigs (n = 29) from a course in hemostatic emergency surgery were given TXA 1 h after start of surgery. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 35, 45, 60, and 85 min. The samples were centrifuged and serum TXA concentrations quantified with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The use of two injection sites was compared with distributing the dose on one injection site, and a dose of 15 mg/kg was compared with a dose of 30 mg/kg. All IM groups were compared with IV administration. Results : The groups were in a similar degree of shock. Increasing the IM dose from the standard of 15 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg resulted in significantly higher serum concentrations of TXA, comparable to those achieved by IV administration. Distributing the IM dose on two injection sites did not affect drug uptake, as shown by equal serum concentrations. Conclusions : For IM administration of TXA, 30 mg/kg should be the standard dose. With a short delay, IM administration will provide equal serum concentrations as IV administration, above what is considered necessary to inhibit fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Lynghaug
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, IKM, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Håkon Kvåle Bakke
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, IKM, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Martin Fuskevåg
- Division of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erik Waage Nielsen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- University Nord, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway, Norway
| | - Erik Sveberg Dietrichs
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biology, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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van Wijk RC, Imperial MZ, Savic RM, Solans BP. Pharmacokinetic analysis across studies to drive knowledge-integration: A tutorial on individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA). CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2023; 12:1187-1200. [PMID: 37303132 PMCID: PMC10508576 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Answering challenging questions in drug development sometimes requires pharmacokinetic (PK) data analysis across different studies, for example, to characterize PKs across diverse regions or populations, or to increase statistical power for subpopulations by combining smaller size trials. Given the growing interest in data sharing and advanced computational methods, knowledge integration based on multiple data sources is increasingly applied in the context of model-informed drug discovery and development. A powerful analysis method is the individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA), leveraging systematic review of databases and literature, with the most detailed data type of the individual patient, and quantitative modeling of the PK processes, including capturing heterogeneity of variance between studies. The methodology that should be used in IPDMA in the context of population PK analysis is summarized in this tutorial, highlighting areas of special attention compared to standard PK modeling, including hierarchical nested variability terms for interstudy variability, and handling between-assay differences in limits of quantification within a single analysis. This tutorial is intended for any pharmacological modeler who is interested in performing an integrated analysis of PK data across different studies in a systematic and thorough manner, to answer questions that transcend individual primary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob C. van Wijk
- University of California San Francisco Schools of Pharmacy and MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- UCSF Center for Tuberculosis, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marjorie Z. Imperial
- University of California San Francisco Schools of Pharmacy and MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- UCSF Center for Tuberculosis, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Radojka M. Savic
- University of California San Francisco Schools of Pharmacy and MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- UCSF Center for Tuberculosis, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Belén P. Solans
- University of California San Francisco Schools of Pharmacy and MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- UCSF Center for Tuberculosis, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Intramuscular Tranexamic Acid Administration on the Battlefield. Case Rep Emerg Med 2022; 2022:9689923. [PMID: 36277170 PMCID: PMC9584727 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9689923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tranexamic acid (TXA) is routinely administered intravenously (IV) and intraosseously (IO) in response to exsanguination. Case This report describes a patient who sustained multiple high-powered rifle gunshot wounds that received battlefield-environment intramuscular (IM) administration of TXA due to inability to obtain IV / IO access. This case represents the unlikely positive outcome in the setting of multiple remarkable obstacles, which may have been ameliorated by novel administration of TXA. Conclusion Cases of IM TXA administration as a primary intervention are not well represented in the current body of medical literature. This case report highlights a clinical scenario where IM TXA was utilized as part of first-line treatment that led to a positive clinical outcome. Although IM TXA is not yet endorsed by current trauma guidelines, this case suggests that IM route administration of TXA should be further investigated. If indeed IM administration of TXA proves just as efficacious as alternative routes, this would hold considerable advantageous implications for austere situations were sterility and IV / IO placement are impractical. This would also represent another avenue by which to decrease the time-to-TXA for patients, allowing sooner correction of hemorrhage and trauma-associated coagulopathy.
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Tranexamic acid – A narrative review for the emergency medicine clinician. Am J Emerg Med 2022; 56:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Gilliot S, Ducloy-Bouthors AS, Loingeville F, Hennart B, Allorge D, Lebuffe G, Odou P. Pharmacokinetics of Curative Tranexamic Acid in Parturients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030578. [PMID: 35335955 PMCID: PMC8952437 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid (TXA) administered intravenously at a single dose of 0.5 or 1 g in parturients undergoing active hemorrhagic cesarean delivery and to evaluate the influence of patient variables on TXA pharmacokinetics. Subjects from three recruiting centers were included in this PK sub-study if randomized in the experimental group (i.v TXA 0.5 g or 1 g over one minute) of the TRACES study. Blood samples and two urinary samples were collected within 6 h after TXA injection. Parametric non-linear mixed-effect modeling (Monolix v2020R1) was computed. The final covariate model building used 315 blood and 117 urinary concentrations from seventy-nine patients. A two-compartment model with a double first-order elimination from the central compartment best described the data. The population estimates of clearance (CL), central volume of distribution (V1), and half-life for a typical 70 kg patient with an estimated renal clearance of 150 mL/min (Cockroft–Gault) were 0.14 L/h, 9.25 L, and 1.8 h. A correlation between estimated creatinine clearance and CL, body weight before pregnancy, and V1 was found and partly explained the PK variability. The final model was internally validated using a 500-run bootstrap. The first population pharmacokinetic model of TXA in active hemorrhagic caesarean section was successfully developed and internally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixtine Gilliot
- ULR-7365-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées (GRITA), Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.-S.D.-B.); (G.L.); (P.O.)
- Institut de Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne-Sophie Ducloy-Bouthors
- ULR-7365-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées (GRITA), Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.-S.D.-B.); (G.L.); (P.O.)
- Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Florence Loingeville
- ULR2694—METRICS—Evaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Benjamin Hennart
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, Pôle Biologie Pathologie Génétique, Centre Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (B.H.); (D.A.)
| | - Delphine Allorge
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, Pôle Biologie Pathologie Génétique, Centre Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (B.H.); (D.A.)
- ULR 4483-IMPECS-IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé, Faculté de Médecine-Pôle Recherche, Université de Lille, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France
| | - Gilles Lebuffe
- ULR-7365-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées (GRITA), Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.-S.D.-B.); (G.L.); (P.O.)
- Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pascal Odou
- ULR-7365-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées (GRITA), Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.-S.D.-B.); (G.L.); (P.O.)
- Institut de Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Grassin-Delyle S, Semeraro M, Lamy E, Urien S, Runge I, Foissac F, Bouazza N, Treluyer JM, Arribas M, Roberts I, Shakur-Still H. Pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral routes: a prospective, randomised, crossover trial in healthy volunteers. Br J Anaesth 2022; 128:465-472. [PMID: 34998508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to the World Health Organization call for research on alternative routes for tranexamic acid (TXA) administration in women with postpartum haemorrhage, we examined the pharmacokinetics of TXA after i.v., i.m., or oral administration. METHODS We conducted a randomised, open-label, crossover trial in 15 healthy volunteers who received i.v. TXA 1 g, i.m. TXA 1 g, or oral TXA solution 2 g. Blood samples were drawn up to 24 h after administration. Tranexamic acid concentration was measured with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the parameters of the pharmacokinetic models were estimated using population pharmacokinetics. RESULTS The median time to reach a concentration of 10 mg L-1 was 3.5 min for the i.m. route and 66 min for the oral route, although with the oral route the target concentration was reached in only 11 patients. Median peak concentrations were 57.5, 34.4, and 12.8 mg L-1 for i.v., i.m., and oral routes, respectively. A two-compartment open model with body weight as the main covariate best fitted the data. For a 70 kg volunteer, the population estimates were 10.1 L h-1 for elimination clearance, 15.6 L h-1 for intercompartmental clearance, 7.7 L for the volume of central compartment, and 10.8 L for the volume of the peripheral compartment. Intramuscular and oral bioavailabilities were 1.0 and 0.47, respectively, showing that i.m. absorption is fast and complete. Adverse events were mild and transient, mainly local reactions and low-intensity pain. CONCLUSIONS The i.m. (but not oral) route appears to be an efficient alternative to i.v. tranexamic acid. Studies in pregnant women are needed to examine the impact of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2019-000285-38; NCT03777488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- Infection et inflammation, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, INSERM, Montigny le Bretonneux, France; Département des maladies des voies respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.
| | - Michaela Semeraro
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique P1419, INSERM, Hôpital Cochin-Necker, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Lamy
- Infection et inflammation, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, INSERM, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Saïk Urien
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Cochin-Necker, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Iléana Runge
- Infection et inflammation, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, INSERM, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Frantz Foissac
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Cochin-Necker, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Naim Bouazza
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Cochin-Necker, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Treluyer
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique P1419, INSERM, Hôpital Cochin-Necker, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Cochin-Necker, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Monica Arribas
- Clinical Trials Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ian Roberts
- Clinical Trials Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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11
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Singh S, Ambooken G, Krishna V. Potential utility of tranexamic acid in combat trauma. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_266_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Bakke HK, Fuskevåg OM, Nielsen EW, Dietrichs ES. Intramuscular uptake of tranexamic acid during haemorrhagic shock in a swine model. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2021; 29:171. [PMID: 34922577 PMCID: PMC8684106 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-021-00983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduce mortality in bleeding trauma patients, with greater effect if administered early. Serum concentrations above 10 µg/mL are considered sufficient to inhibit fibrinolysis. Normally administered intravenously (i.v.), TXA can also be administered intramuscularly (i.m.). This could be advantageous in low resource and military settings, if sufficient serum concentrations can be reached in shocked patients with reduced muscular blood perfusion. Accordingly, we aimed to: (1) Determine the impact of shock on the pharmacokinetics of i.m. TXA, and (2) Compare the pharmacokinetics of i.v. versus i.m. TXA in ongoing shock. Materials and methods In a prospective experimental study, N = 18 Norwegian landrace pigs (40–50 kg), utilised in a surgical course in haemostatic emergency surgery, were subjected to various abdominal and thoracic trauma. After 1 h of surgery the animals were given 15 mg/kg TXA either i.v. or i.m. A control group without injury, or surgery, received intramuscular TXA. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 60 and 85 min. The samples were centrifuged and analysed with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for TXA serum-concentrations. Results In shocked pigs, i.m. administration resulted in a mean maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of 20.9 µg/mL, and i.v. administration a Cmax of 48.1 µg/mL. Cmax occurred 15 min after i.m. administration and 5 min after i.v. administration. In non-shocked swine, i.m. administration resulted in a Cmax of 36.9 µg/mL after 15 min. In all groups, mean TXA serum concentrations stayed above 10 µg/mL from administration to end of experiments. Conclusions I.m. administration of TXA in shocked pigs provides serum concentrations associated with inhibition of fibrinolysis. It may be an alternative to i.v. and intraosseous administration during stabilisation and transport of trauma patients to advanced medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Kvåle Bakke
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Traumatology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Ole Martin Fuskevåg
- Division of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erik Waage Nielsen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Bodø, Norway.,University Nord, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erik Sveberg Dietrichs
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biology, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Ahmadzia HK, Luban NL, Li S, Guo D, Miszta A, Gobburu JV, Berger JS, James AH, Wolberg AS, van den Anker J. Optimal use of intravenous tranexamic acid for hemorrhage prevention in pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:85.e1-85.e11. [PMID: 33248975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every 2 minutes, there is a pregnancy-related death worldwide, with one-third caused by severe postpartum hemorrhage. Although international trials demonstrated the efficacy of 1000 mg tranexamic acid in treating postpartum hemorrhage, to the best of our knowledge, there are no dose-finding studies of tranexamic acid on pregnant women for postpartum hemorrhage prevention. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the optimal tranexamic acid dose needed to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. STUDY DESIGN We enrolled 30 pregnant women undergoing scheduled cesarean delivery in an open-label, dose ranging study. Subjects were divided into 3 cohorts receiving 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg (maximum, 1000 mg) of intravenous tranexamic acid at umbilical cord clamping. The inclusion criteria were ≥34 week's gestation and normal renal function. The primary endpoints were pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Tranexamic acid plasma concentration of >10 μg/mL and maximum lysis of <17% were defined as therapeutic targets independent to the current study. Rotational thromboelastometry of tissue plasminogen activator-spiked samples was used to evaluate pharmacodynamic profiles at time points up to 24 hours after tranexamic acid administration. Safety was assessed by plasma thrombin generation, D-dimer, and tranexamic acid concentrations in breast milk. RESULTS There were no serious adverse events including venous thromboembolism. Plasma concentrations of tranexamic acid increased in a dose-proportional manner. The lowest dose cohort received an average of 448±87 mg tranexamic acid. Plasma tranexamic acid exceeded 10 μg/mL and maximum lysis was <17% at >1 hour after administration for all tranexamic acid doses tested. Median estimated blood loss for cohorts receiving 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg tranexamic acid was 750, 750, and 700 mL, respectively. Plasma thrombin generation did not increase with higher tranexamic acid concentrations. D-dimer changes from baseline were not different among the cohorts. Breast milk tranexamic acid concentrations were 1% or less than maternal plasma concentrations. CONCLUSION Although large randomized trials are necessary to support the clinical efficacy of tranexamic acid for prophylaxis, we propose an optimal dose of 600 mg in future tranexamic acid efficacy studies to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.
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14
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Arribas M, Roberts I, Chaudhri R, Geer A, Prowse D, Lubeya MK, Kayani A, Javaid K, Grassin-Delyle S, Shakur-Still H. WOMAN-PharmacoTXA trial: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to assess the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intramuscular, intravenous and oral administration of tranexamic acid in women giving birth by caesarean section. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:157. [PMID: 34250266 PMCID: PMC8264807 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16884.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) within 3 hours of birth significantly reduces death due to bleeding in women with postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Most PPH deaths occur in the first hours after giving birth and treatment delay decreases survival. One barrier to rapid TXA treatment is the need for intravenous injection. Intramuscular injection and oral solution of TXA would be easier and faster to administer and would require less training. However, the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics and safety of TXA administered by different routes in pregnant women have not been established. The main aim of this study is to ascertain whether IM and oral solution of TXA will be absorbed at levels sufficient to inhibit fibrinolysis in pregnant women. Methods: WOMAN-PharmacoTXA is a prospective, randomised, open label trial to be conducted in Zambia and Pakistan. Adult women undergoing caesarean section with at least one risk factor for PPH will be included. Women will be randomised to receive one of the following about 1 hour prior to caesarean section: 1-gram TXA IV, 1-gram TXA IM, 4-grams TXA oral solution or no TXA. Randomisation will continue until 120 participants with at least six post randomisation PK samples are included. TXA concentration in maternal blood samples will be measured at baseline and at different time points during 24 hours after receipt of intervention. Blood TXA concentration will be measured from the umbilical cord and neonate. The primary endpoint is maternal blood TXA concentrations over time. Secondary outcomes include umbilical cord and neonate TXA concentration D-dimer concentration, blood loss and clinical diagnosis of PPH, injection site reactions and maternal and neonate adverse events. Discussion: The WOMAN-PharmacoTXA trial will provide important data on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of TXA after IV, intramuscular and oral administration in women giving birth by caesarean section. Trial registration: ClincalTrials.gov,
NCT04274335 (18/02/2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Arribas
- Clinical Trials Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Ian Roberts
- Clinical Trials Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Rizwana Chaudhri
- Global Institute of Human Development, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, H-8, Pakistan
| | - Amber Geer
- Clinical Trials Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Danielle Prowse
- Clinical Trials Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Mwansa Ketty Lubeya
- Women and Newborn Hospital, University Teaching Hospital, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, PB RW1X, Zambia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Zambia-School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aasia Kayani
- Global Institute of Human Development, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, H-8, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Javaid
- Global Institute of Human Development, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, H-8, Pakistan
| | - Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Département des Maladies des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Haleema Shakur-Still
- Clinical Trials Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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15
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Kane Z, Picetti R, Wilby A, Standing JF, Grassin-Delyle S, Roberts I, Shakur-Still H. Physiologically based modelling of tranexamic acid pharmacokinetics following intravenous, intramuscular, sub-cutaneous and oral administration in healthy volunteers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 164:105893. [PMID: 34087356 PMCID: PMC8299544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tranexamic acid (TXA) as a treatment for post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) depends on early intervention and rapid systemic exposure. This study uses PBPK modelling to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of TXA given by different routes of administration; intravenous, intramuscular, sub-cutaneous and oral. Intramuscular administration of 1000 mg TXA is predicted to achieve >15 mg/L in plasma in <15 min and exceed this level for approximately 3 h post dose.
Background : Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug that reduces surgical blood loss and death due to bleeding after trauma and post-partum haemorrhage. Treatment success is dependant on early intervention and rapid systemic exposure to TXA. The requirement for intravenous (IV) administration can in some situations limit accessibility to TXA therapy. Here we employ physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling (PBPK) to evaluate if adequate TXA exposure maybe achieved when given via different routes of administration. Methods : A commercially available PBPK software (GastroPlus®) was used to model published TXA pharmacokinetics. IV, oral and intramuscular (IM) models were developed using healthy volunteer PK data from twelve different single dose regimens (n = 48 participants). The model was verified using separate IV and oral validation datasets (n = 26 participants). Oral, IM and sub-cutaneous (SQ) dose finding simulations were performed. Results : Across the different TXA regimens evaluated TXA plasma concentrations varied from 0.1 to 94.0 µg/mL. Estimates of the total plasma clearance of TXA ranged from 0.091 to 0.104 L/h/kg, oral bioavailability from 36 to 67% and Tmax from 2.6 to 3.2 and 0.4 to 1.0 h following oral and intramuscular administration respectively. Variability in the observed TXA PK could be captured through predictable demographic effects on clearance, combined with intestinal permeability and stomach transit time following oral administration and muscle blood flow and muscle/plasma partition coefficients following intra-muscular dosing. Conclusions : This study indicates that intramuscular administration is the non-intravenous route of administration with the most potential for achieving targeted TXA exposures. Plasma levels following an IM dose of 1000 mg TXA are predicted to exceed 15 mg/mL in < 15 min and be maintained above this level for approximately 3 h, achieving systemic exposure (AUC0–6) of 99 to 105 µg*hr/mL after a single dose. Well-designed clinical trials to verify these predictions and confirm the utility of intramuscular TXA are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Kane
- Quotient Sciences, Mere Way, Ruddington, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Picetti
- Clinical Trials Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Wilby
- Quotient Sciences, Mere Way, Ruddington, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph F Standing
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- 3 Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, and Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Ian Roberts
- Clinical Trials Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haleema Shakur-Still
- Clinical Trials Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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16
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Drew T, Carvalho JCA. Pharmacologic Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage. CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40140-021-00444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Cortegiani A, Absalom AR, Hunt BJ. Intramuscular tranexamic acid: a real-world application of pharmacokinetics. Br J Anaesth 2020; 126:17-20. [PMID: 33131654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Department of Anaesthesiology Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Anthony R Absalom
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Beverley J Hunt
- Kings Healthcare Partners, Thrombosis & Haemophilia Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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18
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Grassin-Delyle S, Shakur-Still H, Picetti R, Frimley L, Jarman H, Davenport R, McGuinness W, Moss P, Pott J, Tai N, Lamy E, Urien S, Prowse D, Thayne A, Gilliam C, Pynn H, Roberts I. Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular tranexamic acid in bleeding trauma patients: a clinical trial. Br J Anaesth 2020; 126:201-209. [PMID: 33010927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces bleeding deaths after injury and childbirth. It is most effective when given early. In many countries, pre-hospital care is provided by people who cannot give i.v. injections. We examined the pharmacokinetics of intramuscular TXA in bleeding trauma patients. METHODS We conducted an open-label pharmacokinetic study in two UK hospitals. Thirty bleeding trauma patients received a loading dose of TXA 1 g i.v., as per guidelines. The second TXA dose was given as two 5 ml (0·5 g each) i.m. injections. We collected blood at intervals and monitored injection sites. We measured TXA concentrations using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We assessed the concentration time course using non-linear mixed-effect models with age, sex, ethnicity, body weight, type of injury, signs of shock, and glomerular filtration rate as possible covariates. RESULTS Intramuscular TXA was well tolerated with only mild injection site reactions. A two-compartment open model with first-order absorption and elimination best described the data. For a 70-kg patient, aged 44 yr without signs of shock, the population estimates were 1.94 h-1 for i.m. absorption constant, 0.77 for i.m. bioavailability, 7.1 L h-1 for elimination clearance, 11.7 L h-1 for inter-compartmental clearance, 16.1 L volume of central compartment, and 9.4 L volume of the peripheral compartment. The time to reach therapeutic concentrations (5 or 10 mg L-1) after a single intramuscular TXA 1 g injection are 4 or 11 min, with the time above these concentrations being 10 or 5.6 h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In bleeding trauma patients, intramuscular TXA is well tolerated and rapidly absorbed. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION 2019-000898-23 (EudraCT); NCT03875937 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny le Bretonneux, France; Département des Maladies des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Haleema Shakur-Still
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Roberto Picetti
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lauren Frimley
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Heather Jarman
- Emergency Department Clinical Research Unit, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ross Davenport
- Emergency Department, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - William McGuinness
- Emergency Department Clinical Research Unit, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Phil Moss
- Emergency Department Clinical Research Unit, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jason Pott
- Emergency Department, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nigel Tai
- Emergency Department, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elodie Lamy
- Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Saïk Urien
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Inserm, Hôpital Cochin-Necker, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Prowse
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew Thayne
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Catherine Gilliam
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Harvey Pynn
- Department of Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Roberts
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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19
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Hypothesis for a partially non urinary elimination of tranexamic acid in haemorrhagic caesarean section: Traces pilot pharmacokinetic study: Pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid in obstetrics. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 153:105486. [PMID: 32717429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous studies, the choice of doses of tranexamic acid was empirically defined as no pharmacokinetic study had been conducted in haemorrhagic caesarean section. OBJECTIVE The objective was to build a pharmacokinetic model in patients receiving a single 0.5, 1 or 2 g intravenous bolus. METHOD A preliminary monocentric open study was performed in the Lille centre. Blood samples and one urinary sample were collected in the 6 h following the injection. Nine patients were included. Tranexamic acid concentration was measured using liquid chromatography system coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We used Monolix 2019R1 for population pharmacokinetic modelling. A structural model was constructed followed by the investigation of potential covariates. RESULTS Data were best described with a two-compartment model with a double first-order elimination from the central compartment. The model was improved when the variable ideal weight per dose was affected as a covariate for the apparent volume of distribution. Assuming a dose of 1 g and a height of 160 cm, the pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated at 10.26 L.h-1 for total clearance, 11.5 L for the volume of the central compartment, 15.8 L for the volume of the second compartment, a diffusional clearance of 30.36 L.h-1 , and a urinary excretion fraction of 25.8%. CONCLUSIONS The population pharmacokinetic model of tranexamic acid in haemorrhagic caesarean section was successfully established in our tiny sample of patients. The results of this preliminary TRACES pharmacokinetic study suggested that elimination of tranexamic acid is partially non urinary in contrast with healthy patients.
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