1
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Salim EI, Elsebakhy S, Hessien M. Repurposing of atorvastatin and metformin denotes their individual and combined antiproliferative effects in non-small cell lung cancer. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:550-560. [PMID: 38258539 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the limited success in the treatment of lung adenocarcinomas, new treatment protocols are urgently needed to increase the curability rate and the survival of lung cancer patients. OBJECTIVES Although statins, like atorvastatin (Ator), and metformin (Met) are widely accepted as hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic drugs, respectively, there are many predictions about their enhancing antitumor effect when they are combined with traditional chemotherapeutics. METHODS The individual and combined antiproliferative potential of Ator and Met was tested by MTT-assay in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cell line, compared to the corresponding effect of Gemcitabine (Gem) with implication on the mechanisms of action. RESULTS Initially, both drugs demonstrated concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in A549 cells. Also, their combination index (CI) indicated their synergistic effect at equi-IC50 concentration (CI = 0.00984). Moreover, Ator and/or Met-treated cells revealed disrupted patterns of SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA, and TAC, developed apoptosis, and larger fractions of the cell population were arrested in G0/G1 phase, particularly in cells dually-treated both Ator and Met. These observations were accompanied by downregulation in the expression of iNOS, HO-1, and the angiogenic marker VEGF, meanwhile, an altered expression of MAPK and AMPK was observed. CONCLUSION Conclusively, these data suggest that repurposing of Ator and Met demonstrates their individual and combined antiproliferative effect in non-small cell lung cancer and they may adopt a similar mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed I Salim
- Zoology Department, Research Lab. of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Safaa Elsebakhy
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hessien
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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2
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Aldossary KM, Ali LS, Abdallah MS, Bahaa MM, Elmasry TA, Elberri EI, Kotkata FA, El Sabaa RM, Elmorsi YM, Kamel MM, Negm WA, Elberri AI, Hamouda AO, AlRasheed HA, Salahuddin MM, Yasser M, Hamouda MA. Effect of a high dose atorvastatin as added-on therapy on symptoms and serum AMPK/NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-6/STAT3 axes in patients with major depressive disorder: randomized controlled clinical study. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1381523. [PMID: 38855751 PMCID: PMC11157054 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1381523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation pathways have been associated with the development of major depressive disorders (MDD). The anti-inflammatory characteristics of statins have been demonstrated to have significance in the pathophysiology of depression. Aim To investigate the mechanistic pathways of high dose atorvastatin in MDD. Patients and methods This trial included 60 patients with MDD who met the eligibility requirements. Two groups of patients (n = 30) were recruited by selecting patients from the Psychiatry Department. Group 1 received 20 mg of fluoxetine plus a placebo once daily. Group 2 received fluoxetine and atorvastatin (80 mg) once daily. All patients were assessed by a psychiatrist using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). A HDRS score of ≤7 indicates remission or partial remission [HDRS<17 and>7]. Response was defined as ≥ 50% drop in the HDRS score. The serum concentrations of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-3 (STAT-3) were measured. Results The atorvastatin group showed a significant reduction in the levels of all measured markers along with a statistical increase in the levels of AMPK when compared to the fluoxetine group. The atorvastatin group displayed a significant decrease in HDRS when compared to its baseline and the fluoxetine group. The response rate and partial remission were higher in the atorvastatin group than fluoxetine (p = 0.03, and p = 0.005), respectively. Conclusion These results imply that atorvastatin at high doses may be a promising adjuvant therapy for MDD patients by altering the signaling pathways for AMPK/NLRP3 and IL-6/STAT-3. Clinical Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05792540.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khlood Mohammad Aldossary
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lashin Saad Ali
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S. Abdallah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
- Department of PharmD, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mostafa M. Bahaa
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Thanaa A. Elmasry
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Al-Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Eman I. Elberri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Al-Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Fedaa A. Kotkata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Al-Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Ramy M. El Sabaa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Yasmine M. Elmorsi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Al-Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Kamel
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Al-Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Aya Ibrahim Elberri
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Amir O. Hamouda
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Hayam Ali AlRasheed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed M. Salahuddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Yasser
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Manal A. Hamouda
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Al-Gharbia, Egypt
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3
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Vital KD, Pires LO, Gallotti B, Silva JL, Lima de Jesus LC, Alvarez-Leite JI, Ferreira Ê, de Carvalho Azevedo VA, Santos Martins F, Nascimento Cardoso V, Antunes Fernandes SO. Atorvastatin attenuates intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil in mice by modulating the epithelial barrier and inflammatory response. J Chemother 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38711347 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2024.2345027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis is a major side effect of cancer treatment. Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme reductase inhibitors used to treat hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that atorvastatin (ATV) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and resulting from the regulation of different molecular pathways. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ATV on intestinal homeostasis in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced mucositis. Our results showed that ATV protected the intestinal mucosa from epithelial damage caused by 5-FU mainly due to inflammatory infiltrate and intestinal permeability reduction, downregulation of inflammatory markers, such as Tlr4, MyD88, NF-κB, Tnf-a, Il1β, and Il6 dose-dependent. ATV also improved epithelial barrier function by upregulating the mRNA transcript levels of mucin 2 (MUC2), and ZO-1 and occludin tight junction proteins. The results suggest that the ATV anti-inflammatory and protective effects on 5-FU-induced mice mucositis involve the inhibition of the TLR4/MYD88/NPRL3/NF-κB, iNos, and caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Duarte Vital
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Octavio Pires
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gallotti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janayne Luihan Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ênio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Santos Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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4
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Sarabi PZ, Moradi M, Bagheri M, Khalili MR, Moradifard S, Jamialahmadi T, Ghasemi F, Sahebkar A. A Contemporary Review on the Critical Role of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:559-570. [PMID: 38275052 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206271583231206052403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are widely recognized as effective pain relievers and function by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COXs). Moreover, they have been found to participate in various cellular processes through different signaling pathways, such as WNT, MAPK, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. This makes them potential candidates for chemoprevention of several malignancies, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the use of NSAIDs in cancer prevention and treatment is a complex issue due to their adverse effects and gastrointestinal toxicity. Therefore, it is crucial to explore combination therapies that can minimize side effects while maximizing synergistic effects with other agents and to evaluate the success rate of such approaches in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the effects of NSAIDs in the prevention and treatment of CRC. We will focus on elucidating the possible mechanisms of action of these drugs, the signaling pathways involved in CRC, and the potential synergistic effects when combined with other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Zia Sarabi
- Laboratorio de Psicobiología, Campus Santiago Ramón y Cajal, University of Sevilla, 41018, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mohammad Moradi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Malihe Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khalili
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Moradifard
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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Abdelaziz AA, Abo Kamer AM, Nosair AM, Al-Madboly LA. Exploring the potential efficacy of phage therapy for biocontrol of foodborne pathogenic extensively drug-resistant Escherichia coli in gastrointestinal tract of rat model. Life Sci 2023; 315:121362. [PMID: 36610637 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Escherichia coli leaves little or no therapeutic options for the control of these foodborne pathogens. The goal is to isolate, characterize, and assess the potential efficacy of a bacteriophage in the treatment of an induced gastrointestinal tract infection. MAIN METHODS Sewage water was used to isolate phage phPE42. Transmission electron microscope was used for the visualization of phage morphology. Lysis profile, growth kinetics, and stability studies were determined. The ability of phage to eradicate biofilms was assessed by crystal violet staining, resazurin assay, compound bright field microscope, and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Moreover, the efficacy of phage phPE42 as a potential therapy was evaluated in a rat model. KEY FINDINGS A newly lytic Myoviridae phage phPE42 was isolated and exhibited broad coverage activity (48.6 %) against E. coli clinical isolates. It demonstrated favorable growth kinetics and relative stability under a variety of challenging conditions. The resazurin colorimetric assay and CLSM provided evidence of phage potential's ability to significantly (P < 0.05) decrease the viability of biofilm-embedded cells. The bacterial burden in animal faeces was effectively eradicated (P < 0.05) by oral administration of phage phPE42. Phage-treated rats exhibited a significant decrease in tissue damage with no signs of inflammation, necrosis, or erosion. Furthermore, phage therapy significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the expression level of the apoptotic marker caspase-3 and the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. SIGNIFICANCE Treatment with phage phPE42 is considered a promising alternative therapy for the control of severe foodborne infections spurred by pathogenic XDR E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Amal M Abo Kamer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Nosair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa A Al-Madboly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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6
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Vital KD, Cardoso BG, Lima IP, Campos AB, Teixeira BF, Pires LO, Dias BC, de Alcantara Candido P, Cardoso VN, Fernandes SOA. Therapeutic effects and the impact of statins in the prevention of ulcerative colitis in preclinical models: A systematic review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 37:493-507. [PMID: 36514874 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the large intestines. Although great advances have been made in the management of the disease with the introduction of immunomodulators and biological agents, the treatment of UC is still a challenge. So far, there are no definitive therapies for this condition. Statins are potent inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis, possess beneficial effects on primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, and have high tolerability and safety. Furthermore, they may have potential roles in UC management due to their possible anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. This systematic review aimed to gather information about the potential benefits of statins for managing UC, reducing inflammation and disease remission in animal models. A systematic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library. The data were summarized in tables and critically analyzed. After the database search, 21 relevant studies were identified as eligible for this review. Preclinical studies using several colitis-induction protocols and various statins have shown numerous beneficial effects of these drugs on reducing disease activity, inflammatory profile, oxidative stress, and general clinical parameters of animals with UC. These studies revealed the potential of statins against the pathogenesis of UC. However, there are still important gaps regarding the molecular mechanisms of action of statins, leading to some contradictory results. Thus, more research on the molecular level to determine the roles of statins in colitis should be carried out to elucidate their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Duarte Vital
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Barbara Gatti Cardoso
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Iasmin Pinheiro Lima
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Beatriz Campos
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Faria Teixeira
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Octávio Pires
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Coutinho Dias
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Alcantara Candido
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Characterization of newly isolated bacteriophage to control multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonizing incision wounds in a rat model: in vitro and in vivo approach. Life Sci 2022; 310:121085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Wang M, Li Y, Su J, Bai J, Zhao Z, Sun Z. Protective effects of 4‐geranyloxy‐2,6‐dihydroxybenzophenonel on
DSS
‐induced ulcerative colitis in mice via regulation of
cAMP
/
PKA
/
CREB
and
NF‐κB
signaling pathways. Phytother Res 2022; 37:1330-1345. [PMID: 36428266 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypericum sampsonii Hance has traditionally been used to treat enteritis and diarrhea. As one of the main benzophenones isolated from H. sampsonii, 4-geranyloxy-2,6-dihydroxybenzophenonel (4-GDB) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory effects. However, the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of 4-GDB in ulcerative colitis (UC) remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the role of 4-GDB in UC using a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model. Intragastric administration of 4-GDB (20 mg/kg/day) for 8 days significantly attenuated colonic injury, reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators, and improved colonic barrier function in mice with colitis. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that 4-GDB could activate cAMP/PKA/CREB and inhibit the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, 4-GDB may be a potential agent for treating UC by regulating the cAMP/PKA/CREB and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Yanzhen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Jianhui Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Jingyan Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Zhanghua Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
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Mechanism of Sishen-Pill-Regulated Special Memory T and mTfh Cell via Involving JAK/STAT5 Pathway in Colitis Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6446674. [PMID: 35388299 PMCID: PMC8979676 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6446674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
It is known that memory T cells (mT cell) and memory T follicular cells (mTfh) play vital roles in the IBD pathogenesis. Sishen Pill (SSP) is a classic prescription used to treat chronic ulcerative colitis (UC). However, it is still unclear whether SSP can regulate immune homeostasis induced by mT cell and mTfh to treat IBD. In this study, we measured mT cell and mTfh level to explore the conceivable mechanism of SSP-treated IBD. The mice colitis were induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and were treated by SSP for 7 days. The therapeutic effect of SSP was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic observation; the mT cell, mTfh, and their subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway was analyzed by using a Western blot. In the present study, SSP significantly reversed weight loss and colonic injury (colon weight increase and colonic length shortening) caused by 3% DSS in physiological saline solution. Flow cytometry showed that the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ expressions on central memory T cells were enhanced after SSP treatment, while the CD4+ T cm, CD4+ mTfh (memory T follicular helper) cells and their subpopulations were also significantly increased. Moreover, SSP inhibited the expression of JAK/STAT signaling pathway proteins JAK1, PIAS3, STAT5, p-STAT5, BIM, BAX, caspase-3, and β-casein and promoted the expression of JAK3, PISA1, Bcl-2, and caveolin-1. In summary, SSP can regulate immune homeostasis induced by mT cell and mTfh in DSS-induced colitis, which is potentially correlated with JAK/STAT signaling pathway activation.
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Elucidation of the Metabolite Profile of Yucca gigantea and Assessment of Its Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041329. [PMID: 35209125 PMCID: PMC8878216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The acute inflammation process is explained by numerous hypotheses, including oxidative stress, enzyme stimulation, and the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory activity of Yucca gigantea methanol extract (YGME) against carrageenan-induced acute inflammation and possible underlying mechanisms was investigated. The phytochemical profile, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities were also explored. LC-MS/MS was utilized to investigate the chemical composition of YGME, and 29 compounds were tentatively identified. In addition, the isolation of luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside was performed for the first time from the studied plant. Inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of 100 μL of 1% carrageenan sodium. Rats were treated orally with YGME 100, 200 mg/kg, celecoxib (50 mg/kg), and saline, respectively, one hour before carrageenan injection. The average volume of paws edema and weight were measured at several time intervals. Levels of NO, GSH, TNF-α, PGE-2, serum IL-1β, IL-6 were measured. In additionally, COX-2 immunostaining and histopathological examination of paw tissue were performed. YGME displayed a potent anti-inflammatory influence by reducing paws edema, PGE-2, TNF-α, NO production, serum IL-6, IL-1β, and COX-2 immunostaining. Furthermore, it replenished the diminished paw GSH contents and improved the histopathological findings. The best cytotoxic effect of YGME was against human melanoma cell line (A365) and osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63). Moreover, the antimicrobial potential of the extract was evaluated against bacterial and fungal isolates. It showed potent activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and fungal Candida albicans isolates. The promoting multiple effects of YGME could be beneficial in the treatment of different ailments based on its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic effects.
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Promising Antiviral Activity of Agrimonia pilosa Phytochemicals against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Supported with In Vivo Mice Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121313. [PMID: 34959713 PMCID: PMC8709118 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has focused the entire world’s attention toward searching for a potential remedy for this disease. Thus, we investigated the antiviral activity of Agrimonia pilosa ethanol extract (APEE) against SARS-CoV-2 and it exhibited a potent antiviral activity with IC50 of 1.1 ± 0.03 µg/mL. Its mechanism of action was elucidated, and it exhibited a virucidal activity and an inhibition of viral adsorption. Moreover, it presented an immunomodulatory activity as it decreased the upregulation of gene expression of COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical fingerprint of APEE was conducted using LC-ESI-MS/MS technique for the first time. We detected 81 compounds and most of them belong to the flavonoid and coumarin classes. Interestingly, isoflavonoids, procyanidins, and anthocyanins were detected for the first time in A. pilosa. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was evidenced in DPPH (IC50 62.80 µg/mL) and ABTS (201.49 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/mg) radical scavenging, FRAP (60.84 mg TE/mg), and ORAC (306.54 mg TE/g) assays. Furthermore, the protective effect of APEE was investigated in Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Lung W/D ratio, serum IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β, HO-1, Caspase-1, caspase-3, TLR-4 expression, TAC, NO, MPO activity, and histopathological examination of lung tissues were assessed. APEE induced a marked downregulation in all inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis markers, and TLR-4 expression. In addition, it alleviated all histopathological abnormalities confirming the beneficial effects of APEE in ALI. Therefore, APEE could be a potential source for therapeutic compounds that could be investigated, in future preclinical and clinical trials, in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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Ribaldone DG, Vernero M, Caviglia GP. Targeting IL-10, ZO-1 gene expression and IL-6/STAT-3 trans-signalling by a combination of atorvastatin and mesalazine to enhance anti-inflammatory effects and attenuate progression of oxazolone-induced colitis. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:141-142. [PMID: 33289917 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Vernero
- Department of General Medicine 1, IRCCS San Matteo Polyclinic, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Caviglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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