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Canessa EH, Spathis R, Novak JS, Beedle A, Nagaraju K, Bello L, Pegoraro E, Hoffman EP, Hathout Y. Characterization of the dystrophin-associated protein complex by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:90-105. [PMID: 36420714 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) is a highly organized multiprotein complex that plays a pivotal role in muscle fiber structure integrity and cell signaling. The complex is composed of three distinct interacting subgroups, intracellular peripheral proteins, transmembrane glycoproteins, and extracellular glycoproteins subcomplexes. Dystrophin protein nucleates the DAPC and is important for connecting the intracellular actin cytoskeletal filaments to the sarcolemma glycoprotein complex that is connected to the extracellular matrix via laminin, thus stabilizing the sarcolemma during muscle fiber contraction and relaxation. Genetic mutations that lead to lack of expression or altered expression of any of the DAPC proteins are associated with different types of muscle diseases. Hence characterization of this complex in healthy and dystrophic muscle might bring insights into its role in muscle pathogenesis. This review highlights the role of mass spectrometry in characterizing the DAPC interactome as well as post-translational glycan modifications of some of its components such as α-dystroglycan. Detection and quantification of dystrophin using targeted mass spectrometry are also discussed in the context of healthy versus dystrophic skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Canessa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, New York, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Rita Spathis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - James S Novak
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Aaron Beedle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Luca Bello
- Department of Neuroscience, ERN Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, ERN Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Yetrib Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, New York, USA
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Noto A, Valenzisi P, Fratini F, Kulikowicz T, Sommers JA, Di Feo F, Palermo V, Semproni M, Crescenzi M, Brosh RM, Franchitto A, Pichierri P. PHOSPHORYLATION-DEPENDENT ASSOCIATION OF WRN WITH RPA IS REQUIRED FOR RECOVERY OF REPLICATION FORKS STALLED AT SECONDARY DNA STRUCTURES. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.08.552428. [PMID: 37609214 PMCID: PMC10441285 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.08.552428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The WRN protein mutated in the hereditary premature aging disorder Werner syndrome plays a vital role in handling, processing, and restoring perturbed replication forks. One of its most abundant partners, Replication Protein A (RPA), has been shown to robustly enhance WRN helicase activity in specific cases when tested in vitro. However, the significance of RPA-binding to WRN at replication forks in vivo has remained largely unexplored. In this study, we have identified several conserved phosphorylation sites in the acidic domain of WRN that are targeted by Casein Kinase 2 (CK2). Surprisingly, these phosphorylation sites are essential for the interaction between WRN and RPA, both in vitro and in human cells. By characterizing a CK2-unphosphorylatable WRN mutant that lacks the ability to bind RPA, we have determined that the WRN-RPA complex plays a critical role in fork recovery after replication stress whereas the WRN-RPA interaction is not necessary for the processing of replication forks or preventing DNA damage when forks stall or collapse. When WRN fails to bind RPA, fork recovery is impaired, leading to the accumulation of single-stranded DNA gaps in the parental strands, which are further enlarged by the structure-specific nuclease MRE11. Notably, RPA-binding by WRN and its helicase activity are crucial for countering the persistence of G4 structures after fork stalling. Therefore, our findings reveal for the first time a novel role for the WRN-RPA interaction to facilitate fork restart, thereby minimizing G4 accumulation at single-stranded DNA gaps and suppressing accumulation of unreplicated regions that may lead to MUS81-dependent double-strand breaks requiring efficient repair by RAD51 to prevent excessive DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Noto
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Section – Genome Stability Group, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299 – 00161 Rome (Italy)
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224 (USA)
| | - Pasquale Valenzisi
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Section – Genome Stability Group, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299 – 00161 Rome (Italy)
| | - Federica Fratini
- Core Facilities Technical-Scientific Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299 – 00161 Rome (Italy)
| | - Tomasz Kulikowicz
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224 (USA)
| | - Joshua A. Sommers
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224 (USA)
| | - Flavia Di Feo
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Section – Genome Stability Group, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299 – 00161 Rome (Italy)
| | - Valentina Palermo
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Section – Genome Stability Group, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299 – 00161 Rome (Italy)
| | - Maurizio Semproni
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Section – Genome Stability Group, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299 – 00161 Rome (Italy)
| | - Marco Crescenzi
- Core Facilities Technical-Scientific Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299 – 00161 Rome (Italy)
| | - Robert M. Brosh
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224 (USA)
| | - Annapaola Franchitto
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Section – Genome Stability Group, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299 – 00161 Rome (Italy)
| | - Pietro Pichierri
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Section – Genome Stability Group, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299 – 00161 Rome (Italy)
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro 305 – 00134 Rome (Italy)
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Swiderski K, Shaffer SA, Gallis B, Odom GL, Arnett AL, Scott Edgar J, Baum DM, Chee A, Naim T, Gregorevic P, Murphy KT, Moody J, Goodlett DR, Lynch GS, Chamberlain JS. Phosphorylation within the cysteine-rich region of dystrophin enhances its association with β-dystroglycan and identifies a potential novel therapeutic target for skeletal muscle wasting. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6697-711. [PMID: 25082828 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in dystrophin lead to Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is among the most common human genetic disorders. Dystrophin nucleates assembly of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), and a defective DGC disrupts an essential link between the intracellular cytoskeleton and the basal lamina, leading to progressive muscle wasting. In vitro studies have suggested that dystrophin phosphorylation may affect interactions with actin or syntrophin, yet whether this occurs in vivo or affects protein function remains unknown. Utilizing nanoflow liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, we identified 18 phosphorylated residues within endogenous dystrophin. Mutagenesis revealed that phosphorylation at S3059 enhances the dystrophin-dystroglycan interaction and 3D modeling utilizing the Rosetta software program provided a structural model for how phosphorylation enhances this interaction. These findings demonstrate that phosphorylation is a key mechanism regulating the interaction between dystrophin and the DGC and reveal that posttranslational modification of a single amino acid directly modulates the function of dystrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Swiderski
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7610, USA
| | - Byron Gallis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7610, USA
| | - Guy L Odom
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA
| | - Andrea L Arnett
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA
| | - J Scott Edgar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7610, USA
| | - Dale M Baum
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Annabel Chee
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Timur Naim
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Muscle Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Kate T Murphy
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - James Moody
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7350, USA and Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7275, USA
| | - David R Goodlett
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7610, USA
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jeffrey S Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7350, USA and Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7275, USA
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The Italian National Centre for Rare Diseases: where research and public health translate into action. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 12 Suppl 3:s591-605. [PMID: 24922300 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0040-14s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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