1
|
Lévrier A, Capin J, Mayonove P, Karpathakis II, Voyvodic P, DeVisch A, Zuniga A, Cohen-Gonsaud M, Cabantous S, Noireaux V, Bonnet J. Split Reporters Facilitate Monitoring of Gene Expression and Peptide Production in Linear Cell-Free Transcription-Translation Systems. ACS Synth Biol 2024. [PMID: 39292739 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Cell-free transcription-translation (TXTL) systems expressing genes from linear dsDNA enable the rapid prototyping of genetic devices while avoiding cloning steps. However, repetitive inclusion of a reporter gene is an incompressible cost and sometimes accounts for most of the synthesized DNA length. Here we present reporter systems based on split-GFP systems that reassemble into functional fluorescent proteins and can be used to monitor gene expression in E. coli TXTL. The 135 bp GFP10-11 fragment produces a fluorescent signal comparable to its full-length GFP counterpart when reassembling with its complementary protein synthesized from the 535 bp fragment expressed in TXTL. We show that split reporters can be used to characterize promoter libraries, with data qualitatively comparable to full-length GFP and matching in vivo expression measurements. We also use split reporters as small fusion tags to measure the TXTL protein and peptide production yield. Finally, we generalize our concept by providing a luminescent split reporter based on split-nanoluciferase. The ∼80% gene sequence length reduction afforded by split reporters lowers synthesis costs and liberates space for testing larger devices while producing a reliable output. In the peptide production context, the small size of split reporters compared with full-length GFP is less likely to bias peptide solubility assays. We anticipate that split reporters will facilitate rapid and cost-efficient genetic device prototyping, protein production, and interaction assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Lévrier
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, Montpellier 34090, France
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Julien Capin
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Pauline Mayonove
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Ioannis-Ilie Karpathakis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peter Voyvodic
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Angelique DeVisch
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Ana Zuniga
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Martin Cohen-Gonsaud
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabantous
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, Toulouse 31037, France
| | - Vincent Noireaux
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jerome Bonnet
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, Montpellier 34090, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amblard I, Dupont E, Alves I, Miralvès J, Queguiner I, Joliot A. Bidirectional transfer of homeoprotein EN2 across the plasma membrane requires PIP 2. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs244327. [PMID: 32434869 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeoproteins are a class of transcription factors sharing the unexpected property of intercellular trafficking that confers to homeoproteins a paracrine mode of action. Homeoprotein paracrine action participates in the control of patterning processes, including axonal guidance, brain plasticity and boundary formation. Internalization and secretion, the two steps of intercellular transfer, rely on unconventional mechanisms, but the cellular mechanisms at stake still need to be fully characterized. Thanks to the design of new quantitative and sensitive assays dedicated to the study of homeoprotein transfer within HeLa cells in culture, we demonstrate a core role of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) together with cholesterol in the translocation of the homeobox protein engrailed-2 (EN2) across the plasma membrane. By using drug and enzyme treatments, we show that both secretion and internalization are regulated according to PIP2 levels. The requirement for PIP2 and cholesterol in EN2 trafficking correlates with their selective affinity for this protein in artificial bilayers, which is drastically decreased in a paracrine-deficient mutant of EN2. We propose that the bidirectional plasma membrane translocation events that occur during homeoprotein secretion and internalization are parts of a common process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irène Amblard
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Edmond Dupont
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabel Alves
- CBMN, UMR 5248 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Julie Miralvès
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Queguiner
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alain Joliot
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zügel M, Treff G, Steinacker JM, Mayer B, Winkert K, Schumann U. Increased Hepcidin Levels During a Period of High Training Load Do Not Alter Iron Status in Male Elite Junior Rowers. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1577. [PMID: 32038278 PMCID: PMC6985289 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver-derived hormone hepcidin plays a key role in iron metabolism by mediating the degradation of the iron export protein ferroportin 1 (FPN1). Circulating levels of hepcidin and the iron storage protein ferritin are elevated during the recovery period after acute endurance exercise, which can be interpreted as an acute phase reaction to intense exercise with far-reaching consequences for iron metabolism and homeostasis. Since absolute and functional iron deficiency (ID) potentially lead to a loss of performance and well-being, it is surprising that the cumulative effects of training stress on hepcidin levels and its interplay with cellular iron availability are not well described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine serum levels of hepcidin at six time points during a 4-week training camp of junior world elite rowers preparing for the world championships and to relate the alterations in training load to overall iron status determined by serum ferritin, transferrin, iron, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR). Serum hepcidin levels increased significantly (p = 0.02) during the initial increase in training load (23.24 ± 2.43 ng/ml) at day 7 compared to the start of training camp (11.47 ± 3.92 ng/ml) and turned back on day 13 (09.51 ± 3.59 ng/ml) already, meeting well the entrance level of hepcidin at day 0. Serum ferritin was significantly higher at day 7 compared to all other timepoints with exception of the subsequent time point at day 13 reflecting well the time course pattern of hepcidin. Non-significant changes between training phases were found for serum iron, transferrin, and sTfR levels as well as for transferrin saturation, and ferritin-index (sTfR/log ferritin). Our findings indicate that hepcidin as well as ferritin, both representing acute phase proteins, are sensitive to initial increases in training load. Erythropoiesis was unaffected by iron compartmentalization through hepcidin. We conclude that hepcidin is sensitive to rigorous changes in training load in junior world elite rowers without causing short-term alterations in functional iron homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zügel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gunnar Treff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kay Winkert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Schumann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qian ZM, Ke Y. Hepcidin and its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:633-653. [PMID: 31471929 DOI: 10.1002/med.21631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormally high brain iron, resulting from the disrupted expression or function of proteins involved in iron metabolism in the brain, is an initial cause of neuronal death in neuroferritinopathy and aceruloplasminemia, and also plays a causative role in at least some of the other neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Friedreich's ataxia. As such, iron is believed to be a novel target for pharmacological intervention in these disorders. Reducing iron toward normal levels or hampering the increases in iron associated with age in the brain is a promising therapeutic strategy for all iron-related neurodegenerative disorders. Hepcidin is a crucial regulator of iron homeostasis in the brain. Recent studies have suggested that upregulating brain hepcidin levels can significantly reduce brain iron content through the regulation of iron transport protein expression in the blood-brain barrier and in neurons and astrocytes. In this review, we focus on the discussion of the therapeutic potential of hepcidin in iron-associated neurodegenerative diseases and also provide a systematic overview of recent research progress on how misregulated brain iron metabolism is involved in the development of multiple neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ming Qian
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaskova ZM, Tsarkova AS, Yampolsky IV. 1001 lights: luciferins, luciferases, their mechanisms of action and applications in chemical analysis, biology and medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:6048-6077. [PMID: 27711774 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence (BL) is a spectacular phenomenon involving light emission by live organisms. It is caused by the oxidation of a small organic molecule, luciferin, with molecular oxygen, which is catalysed by the enzyme luciferase. In nature, there are approximately 30 different BL systems, of which only 9 have been studied to various degrees in terms of their reaction mechanisms. A vast range of in vitro and in vivo analytical techniques have been developed based on BL, including tests for different analytes, immunoassays, gene expression assays, drug screening, bioimaging of live organisms, cancer studies, the investigation of infectious diseases and environmental monitoring. This review aims to cover the major existing applications for bioluminescence in the context of the diversity of luciferases and their substrates, luciferins. Particularly, the properties and applications of d-luciferin, coelenterazine, bacterial, Cypridina and dinoflagellate luciferins and their analogues along with their corresponding luciferases are described. Finally, four other rarely studied bioluminescent systems (those of limpet Latia, earthworms Diplocardia and Fridericia and higher fungi), which are promising for future use, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida M Kaskova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksandra S Tsarkova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ilia V Yampolsky
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Walker JR, Hall MP, Zimprich CA, Robers MB, Duellman SJ, Machleidt T, Rodriguez J, Zhou W. Highly Potent Cell-Permeable and Impermeable NanoLuc Luciferase Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1028-1037. [PMID: 28195704 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel engineered NanoLuc (Nluc) luciferase being smaller, brighter, and superior to traditional firefly (Fluc) or Renilla (Rluc) provides a great opportunity for the development of numerous biological, biomedical, clinical, and food and environmental safety applications. This new platform created an urgent need for Nluc inhibitors that could allow selective bioluminescent suppression and multiplexing compatibility with existing luminescence or fluorescence assays. Starting from thienopyrrole carboxylate 1, a hit from a 42 000 PubChem compound library with a low micromolar IC50 against Nluc, we derivatized four different structural fragments to discover a family of potent, single digit nanomolar, cell permeable inhibitors. Further elaboration revealed a channel that allowed access to the external Nluc surface, resulting in a series of highly potent cell impermeable Nluc inhibitors with negatively charged groups likely extending to the protein surface. The permeability was evaluated by comparing EC50 shifts calculated from both live and lysed cells expressing Nluc cytosolically. Luminescence imaging further confirmed that cell permeable compounds inhibit both intracellular and extracellular Nluc, whereas less permeable compounds differentially inhibit extracellular Nluc and Nluc on the cell surface. The compounds displayed little to no toxicity to cells and high luciferase specificity, showing no activity against firefly luciferase or even the closely related NanoBit system. Looking forward, the structural motifs used to gain access to the Nluc surface can also be appended with other functional groups, and therefore interesting opportunities for developing assays based on relief-of-inhibition can be envisioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel R. Walker
- Promega Biosciences LLC, 277
Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-5399, United States
| | - Mary P. Hall
- Promega Biosciences LLC, 277
Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-5399, United States
| | - Chad A. Zimprich
- Promega Biosciences LLC, 277
Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-5399, United States
| | - Matthew B. Robers
- Promega Biosciences LLC, 277
Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-5399, United States
| | - Sarah J. Duellman
- Promega Biosciences LLC, 277
Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-5399, United States
| | - Thomas Machleidt
- Promega Biosciences LLC, 277
Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-5399, United States
| | - Jacquelynn Rodriguez
- Promega Biosciences LLC, 277
Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-5399, United States
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Promega Biosciences LLC, 277
Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711-5399, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rossignol A, Bonnaudet V, Clémenceau B, Vié H, Bretaudeau L. A high-performance, non-radioactive potency assay for measuring cytotoxicity: A full substitute of the chromium-release assay targeting the regulatory-compliance objective. MAbs 2017; 9:521-535. [PMID: 28281922 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1286435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Standardized and biologically relevant potency assays are required by the regulatory authorities for the characterization and quality control of therapeutic antibodies. As critical mechanisms of action (MoA) of antibodies, the antibody-dependent cell-meditated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) must be characterized by appropriate potency assays. The current reference method for measuring cytotoxicity is the 51Cr-release method. However, radioactivity handling is difficult to implement in an industrial context because of environmental and operator protection constraints. Alternative non-radioactive methods suffer from poor validation performances and surrogate assays that measure FcγR-dependent functions do not comply with the regulatory requirement of biological relevance. Starting from these observations, we developed a non-radioactive luminescent method that is specific for target cell cytolysis. In adherent and non-adherent target cell models, the ADCC (using standardized effector cells) or CDC activities of rituximab, trastuzumab and adalimumab were compared in parallel using the 51Cr or luminescent methods. We demonstrated that the latter method is highly sensitive, with validation performances similar or better than the 51Cr method. This method also detected apoptosis following induction by a chemical agent or exposure to ultraviolet light. Moreover, it is more accurate, precise and specific than the concurrent non-radioactive calcein- and TR-FRET-based methods. The method is easy to use, versatile, standardized, biologically relevant and cost effective for measuring cytotoxicity. It is an ideal candidate for developing regulatory-compliant cytotoxicity assays for the characterization of the ADCC, CDC or apoptosis activities from the early stages of development to lot release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Béatrice Clémenceau
- b Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes , Nantes cedex 01 , France.,c UMR INSERM U892 , Nantes Cedex , France
| | - Henri Vié
- c UMR INSERM U892 , Nantes Cedex , France
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
De Niz M, Stanway RR, Wacker R, Keller D, Heussler VT. An ultrasensitive NanoLuc-based luminescence system for monitoring Plasmodium berghei throughout its life cycle. Malar J 2016; 15:232. [PMID: 27102897 PMCID: PMC4840902 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bioluminescence imaging is widely used for cell-based assays and animal imaging studies, both in biomedical research and drug development. Its main advantages include its high-throughput applicability, affordability, high sensitivity, operational simplicity, and quantitative outputs. In malaria research, bioluminescence has been used for drug discovery in vivo and in vitro, exploring host-pathogen interactions, and studying multiple aspects of Plasmodium biology. While the number of fluorescent proteins available for imaging has undergone a great expansion over the last two decades, enabling simultaneous visualization of multiple molecular and cellular events, expansion of available luciferases has lagged behind. The most widely used bioluminescent probe in malaria research is the Photinus pyralis firefly luciferase, followed by the more recently introduced Click-beetle and Renilla luciferases. Ultra-sensitive imaging of Plasmodium at low parasite densities has not been previously achieved. With the purpose of overcoming these challenges, a Plasmodium berghei line expressing the novel ultra-bright luciferase enzyme NanoLuc, called PbNLuc has been generated, and is presented in this work. Results NanoLuc shows at least 150 times brighter signal than firefly luciferase in vitro, allowing single parasite detection in mosquito, liver, and sexual and asexual blood stages. As a proof-of-concept, the PbNLuc parasites were used to image parasite development in the mosquito, liver and blood stages of infection, and to specifically explore parasite liver stage egress, and pre-patency period in vivo. Conclusions PbNLuc is a suitable parasite line for sensitive imaging of the entire Plasmodium life cycle. Its sensitivity makes it a promising line to be used as a reference for drug candidate testing, as well as the characterization of mutant parasites to explore the function of parasite proteins, host-parasite interactions, and the better understanding of Plasmodium biology. Since the substrate requirements of NanoLuc are different from those of firefly luciferase, dual bioluminescence imaging for the simultaneous characterization of two lines, or two separate biological processes, is possible, as demonstrated in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana De Niz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Rebecca R Stanway
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Wacker
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Derya Keller
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker T Heussler
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
England CG, Ehlerding EB, Cai W. NanoLuc: A Small Luciferase Is Brightening Up the Field of Bioluminescence. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1175-1187. [PMID: 27045664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The biomedical field has greatly benefited from the discovery of bioluminescent proteins. Currently, scientists employ bioluminescent systems for numerous biomedical applications, ranging from highly sensitive cellular assays to bioluminescence-based molecular imaging. Traditionally, these systems are based on Firefly and Renilla luciferases; however, the applicability of these enzymes is limited by their size, stability, and luminescence efficiency. NanoLuc (NLuc), a novel bioluminescence platform, offers several advantages over established systems, including enhanced stability, smaller size, and >150-fold increase in luminescence. In addition, the substrate for NLuc displays enhanced stability and lower background activity, opening up new possibilities in the field of bioluminescence imaging. The NLuc system is incredibly versatile and may be utilized for a wide array of applications. The increased sensitivity, high stability, and small size of the NLuc system have the potential to drastically change the field of reporter assays in the future. However, as with all such technology, NLuc has limitations (including a nonideal emission for in vivo applications and its unique substrate) which may cause it to find restricted use in certain areas of molecular biology. As this unique technology continues to broaden, NLuc may have a significant impact in both preclinical and clinical fields, with potential roles in disease detection, molecular imaging, and therapeutic monitoring. This review will present the NLuc technology to the scientific community in a nonbiased manner, allowing the audience to adopt their own views of this novel system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G England
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Emily B Ehlerding
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI 53705, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Novel bioluminescent binding assays for interaction studies of protein/peptide hormones with their receptors. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1151-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Skerratt SE, Humphreys S, Ferreira R, Jorgensen C, Warmus J, Zhao L, Tong X, Nickolls SA. Identification of a novel BODIPY minihepcidin tool for the high content analysis of ferroportin (SLC40A1) pharmacology. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a novel BODIPY-labelled minihepcidin peptide to enable the high content analysis of ferroportin (SLC40A1) pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joe Warmus
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development
- Groton
- USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Robers MB, Binkowski BF, Cong M, Zimprich C, Corona C, McDougall M, Otto G, Eggers CT, Hartnett J, Machleidt T, Fan F, Wood KV. A luminescent assay for real-time measurements of receptor endocytosis in living cells. Anal Biochem 2015; 489:1-8. [PMID: 26278171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-mediated endocytosis is a key autoregulatory mechanism governing the duration and intensity of signals emanating from cell surface receptors. Due to the mechanistic complexity of endocytosis and its emerging relevance in disease, simple methods capable of tracking this dynamic process in cells have become increasingly desirable. We have developed a bioluminescent reporter technology for real-time analysis of ligand-mediated receptor endocytosis using genetic fusions of NanoLuc luciferase with various G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This method is compatible with standard microplate formats, which should decrease work flows for high-throughput screens. This article also describes the application of this technology to endocytosis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), demonstrating potential applicability of the method beyond GPCRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mei Cong
- Promega Corporation, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA
| | | | | | | | - George Otto
- Promega Corporation, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA
| | | | | | | | - Frank Fan
- Promega Corporation, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, Song G, Shao XX, Liu YL, Guo ZY. Quantitative measurement of cell membrane receptor internalization by the nanoluciferase reporter: Using the G protein-coupled receptor RXFP3 as a model. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:688-94. [PMID: 25434927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanoluciferase (NanoLuc) is a newly developed small luciferase reporter with the brightest bioluminescence to date. In the present work, we developed NanoLuc as a sensitive bioluminescent reporter to measure quantitatively the internalization of cell membrane receptors, based on the pH dependence of the reporter activity. The G protein-coupled receptor RXFP3, the cognate receptor of relaxin-3/INSL7, was used as a model receptor. We first generated stable HEK293T cells that inducibly coexpressed a C-terminally NanoLuc-tagged human RXFP3 and a C-terminally enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged human RXFP3. The C-terminal EGFP-tag and NanoLuc-tag had no detrimental effects on the ligand-binding potency and intracellular trafficking of RXFP3. Based on the fluorescence of the tagged EGFP reporter, the ligand-induced RXFP3 internalization was visualized directly under a fluorescence microscope. Based on the bioluminescence of the tagged NanoLuc reporter, the ligand-induced RXFP3 internalization was measured quantitatively by a convenient bioluminescent assay. Coexpression of an EGFP-tagged inactive [E141R]RXFP3 had no detrimental effect on the ligand-binding potency and ligand-induced internalization of the NanoLuc-tagged wild-type RXFP3, suggesting that the mutant RXFP3 and wild-type RXFP3 worked independently. The present bioluminescent internalization assay could be extended to other G protein-coupled receptors and other cell membrane receptors to study ligand-receptor and receptor-receptor interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Institute of Protein Research, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ge Song
- Institute of Protein Research, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Shao
- Institute of Protein Research, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ya-Li Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhan-Yun Guo
- Institute of Protein Research, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Norisada J, Hirata Y, Amaya F, Kiuchi K, Oh-hashi K. A sensitive assay for the biosynthesis and secretion of MANF using NanoLuc activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:483-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Musci G, Polticelli F, Bonaccorsi di Patti MC. Ceruloplasmin-ferroportin system of iron traffic in vertebrates. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:204-215. [PMID: 24921009 PMCID: PMC4050113 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i2.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Safe trafficking of iron across the cell membrane is a delicate process that requires specific protein carriers. While many proteins involved in iron uptake by cells are known, only one cellular iron export protein has been identified in mammals: ferroportin (SLC40A1). Ceruloplasmin is a multicopper enzyme endowed with ferroxidase activity that is found as a soluble isoform in plasma or as a membrane-associated isoform in specific cell types. According to the currently accepted view, ferrous iron transported out of the cell by ferroportin would be safely oxidized by ceruloplasmin to facilitate loading on transferrin. Therefore, the ceruloplasmin-ferroportin system represents the main pathway for cellular iron egress and it is responsible for physiological regulation of cellular iron levels. The most recent findings regarding the structural and functional features of ceruloplasmin and ferroportin and their relationship will be described in this review.
Collapse
|
16
|
A novel ultrasensitive bioluminescent receptor-binding assay of INSL3 through chemical conjugation with nanoluciferase. Biochimie 2013; 95:2454-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
17
|
Stacer AC, Nyati S, Moudgil P, Iyengar R, Luker KE, Rehemtulla A, Luker GD. NanoLuc Reporter for Dual Luciferase Imaging in Living Animals. Mol Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2013.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Stacer
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging and Departments of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Shyam Nyati
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging and Departments of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Pranav Moudgil
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging and Departments of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rahul Iyengar
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging and Departments of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kathryn E. Luker
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging and Departments of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging and Departments of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gary D. Luker
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging and Departments of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dürrenberger F, Abbate V, Ma Y, Arno MC, Jaiash D, Parmar A, Marshall V, Latunde-Dada GO, Zimmermann T, Senn D, Altermatt P, Manolova V, Hider RC, Bansal SS. Functional characterization of fluorescent hepcidin. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1527-32. [PMID: 23888876 DOI: 10.1021/bc400121x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin is a peptide hormone that regulates homeostasis in iron metabolism. It binds to the sole known cellular iron exporter ferroportin (Fpn), triggers its internalization, and thereby modulates the efflux of iron from cells. This functional property has been adopted in this study to assess the bioactivity and potency of a range of novel fluorescent hepcidin analogues. Hepcidin was selectively labeled with 6-carboxyfluorescein (CF) and 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TMR) using Fmoc solid phase peptide chemistry. Internalization of Fpn by hepcidin was assessed by high-content microscopic analysis. Both K18- and M21K-labeled hepcidin with TMR and CF exhibited measurable potency when tested in cultured MDCK and T47D cells expressing human ferroportin. The bioactivity of the labeled hepcidin varies with the type of fluorophore and site of attachment of the fluorophores on the hepcidin molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Dürrenberger
- Chemical Biology Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Nutrition and Diabetes Research Group, King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|