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Sandalio LM, Espinosa J, Shabala S, León J, Romero-Puertas MC. Reactive oxygen species- and nitric oxide-dependent regulation of ion and metal homeostasis in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5970-5988. [PMID: 37668424 PMCID: PMC10575707 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Deterioration and impoverishment of soil, caused by environmental pollution and climate change, result in reduced crop productivity. To adapt to hostile soils, plants have developed a complex network of factors involved in stress sensing, signal transduction, and adaptive responses. The chemical properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) allow them to participate in integrating the perception of external signals by fine-tuning protein redox regulation and signal transduction, triggering specific gene expression. Here, we update and summarize progress in understanding the mechanistic basis of ROS and RNS production at the subcellular level in plants and their role in the regulation of ion channels/transporters at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. We have also carried out an in silico analysis of different redox-dependent modifications of ion channels/transporters and identified cysteine and tyrosine targets of nitric oxide in metal transporters. Further, we summarize possible ROS- and RNS-dependent sensors involved in metal stress sensing, such as kinases and phosphatases, as well as some ROS/RNS-regulated transcription factors that could be involved in metal homeostasis. Understanding ROS- and RNS-dependent signaling events is crucial to designing new strategies to fortify crops and improve plant tolerance of nutritional imbalance and metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Sandalio
- Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Espinosa
- Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - José León
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (CSIC-UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
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2
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Rachowka J, Anielska-Mazur A, Bucholc M, Stephenson K, Kulik A. SnRK2.10 kinase differentially modulates expression of hub WRKY transcription factors genes under salinity and oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135240. [PMID: 37621885 PMCID: PMC10445769 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In nature, all living organisms must continuously sense their surroundings and react to the occurring changes. In the cell, the information about these changes is transmitted to all cellular compartments, including the nucleus, by multiple phosphorylation cascades. Sucrose Non-Fermenting 1 Related Protein Kinases (SnRK2s) are plant-specific enzymes widely distributed across the plant kingdom and key players controlling abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways in the plant response to osmotic stress and salinity. The main deleterious effects of salinity comprise water deficiency stress, disturbances in ion balance, and the accompanying appearance of oxidative stress. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated at the early stages of salt stress are involved in triggering intracellular signaling required for the fast stress response and modulation of gene expression. Here we established in Arabidopsis thaliana that salt stress or induction of ROS accumulation by treatment of plants with H2O2 or methyl viologen (MV) induces the expression of several genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) from the WRKY DNA-Binding Protein (WRKY) family. Their induction by salinity was dependent on SnRK2.10, an ABA non-activated kinase, as it was strongly reduced in snrk2.10 mutants. The effect of ROS was clearly dependent on their source. Following the H2O2 treatment, SnRK2.10 was activated in wild-type (wt) plants and the induction of the WRKY TFs expression was only moderate and was enhanced in snrk2.10 lines. In contrast, MV did not activate SnRK2.10 and the WRKY induction was very strong and was similar in wt and snrk2.10 plants. A bioinformatic analysis indicated that the WRKY33, WRKY40, WRKY46, and WRKY75 transcription factors have a similar target range comprising numerous stress-responsive protein kinases. Our results indicate that the stress-related functioning of SnRK2.10 is fine-tuned by the source and intracellular distribution of ROS and the co-occurrence of other stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna Kulik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Dimitrova A, Sferra G, Scippa GS, Trupiano D. Network-Based Analysis to Identify Hub Genes Involved in Spatial Root Response to Mechanical Constrains. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193121. [PMID: 36231084 PMCID: PMC9564363 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies report that the asymmetric response, observed along the main poplar woody bent root axis, was strongly related to both the type of mechanical forces (compression or tension) and the intensity of force displacement. Despite a large number of targets that have been proposed to trigger this asymmetry, an understanding of the comprehensive and synergistic effect of the antistress spatially related pathways is still lacking. Recent progress in the bioinformatics area has the potential to fill these gaps through the use of in silico studies, able to investigate biological functions and pathway overlaps, and to identify promising targets in plant responses. Presently, for the first time, a comprehensive network-based analysis of proteomic signatures was used to identify functions and pivotal genes involved in the coordinated signalling pathways and molecular activities that asymmetrically modulate the response of different bent poplar root sectors and sides. To accomplish this aim, 66 candidate proteins, differentially represented across the poplar bent root sides and sectors, were grouped according to their abundance profile patterns and mapped, together with their first neighbours, on a high-confidence set of interactions from STRING to compose specific cluster-related subnetworks (I–VI). Successively, all subnetworks were explored by a functional gene set enrichment analysis to identify enriched gene ontology terms. Subnetworks were then analysed to identify the genes that are strongly interconnected with other genes (hub gene) and, thus, those that have a pivotal role in the bent root asymmetric response. The analysis revealed novel information regarding the response coordination, communication, and potential signalling pathways asymmetrically activated along the main root axis, delegated mainly to Ca2+ (for new lateral root formation) and ROS (for gravitropic response and lignin accumulation) signatures. Furthermore, some of the data indicate that the concave side of the bent sector, where the mechanical forces are most intense, communicates to the other (neighbour and distant) sectors, inducing spatially related strategies to ensure water uptake and accompanying cell modification. This information could be critical for understanding how plants maintain and improve their structural integrity—whenever and wherever it is necessary—in natural mechanical stress conditions.
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Focus on Nitric Oxide Homeostasis: Direct and Indirect Enzymatic Regulation of Protein Denitrosation Reactions in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071411. [PMID: 35883902 PMCID: PMC9311986 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein cysteines (Cys) undergo a multitude of different reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive sulfur species (RSS), and/or reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-derived modifications. S-nitrosation (also referred to as nitrosylation), the addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to reactive Cys thiols, can alter protein stability and activity and can result in changes of protein subcellular localization. Although it is clear that this nitrosative posttranslational modification (PTM) regulates multiple signal transduction pathways in plants, the enzymatic systems that catalyze the reverse S-denitrosation reaction are poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the biochemistry and regulation of nitro-oxidative modifications of protein Cys residues with a focus on NO production and S-nitrosation. In addition, the importance and recent advances in defining enzymatic systems proposed to be involved in regulating S-denitrosation are addressed, specifically cytosolic thioredoxins (TRX) and the newly identified aldo-keto reductases (AKR).
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5
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Bhuria M, Goel P, Kumar S, Singh AK. AtUSP17 negatively regulates salt stress tolerance through modulation of multiple signaling pathways in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13635. [PMID: 35080785 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AtUSP17 is a multiple stress-inducible gene that encodes a universal stress protein (USP) in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the present study, we functionally characterized AtUSP17 using its knock-down mutant, Atusp17, and AtUSP17-overexpression lines (WTOE). The overexpression of AtUSP17 in wild-type and Atusp17 mutant Arabidopsis plants resulted in higher sensitivity to salt stress during seed germination than WT and Atusp17 mutant lines. In addition, the WTOE and FC lines exhibited higher abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity than Atusp17 mutant during germination. The exogenous application of ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was able to rescue the salt hypersensitive phenotype of WTOE lines. In contrast, AgNO3 , an ethylene action inhibitor, further blocked the effect of ACC during germination. The addition of ACC under salt stress resulted in reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, expression of ABA-responsive genes, improved proline synthesis, increased expression of positive regulators of ethylene signaling and antioxidant defense genes with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. The WTOE lines exhibited salt sensitivity even at the adult plant stage, while Atusp17 mutant exhibited higher salt tolerance with higher chlorophyll, relative water content and lower electrolyte leakage as compared with WT. The BAR interaction viewer database and available literature mining identified AtUSP17-interacting proteins, which include RGS1, RACK1C and PRN1 involved in G-protein signaling, which play a crucial role in salt stress responses. Based on the present study and available literature, we proposed a model in which AtUSP17 negatively mediates salt tolerance in Arabidopsis through modulation of ethylene, ABA, ROS, and G-protein signaling and responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bhuria
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Parul Goel
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Castro B, Citterico M, Kimura S, Stevens DM, Wrzaczek M, Coaker G. Stress-induced reactive oxygen species compartmentalization, perception and signalling. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:403-412. [PMID: 33846592 PMCID: PMC8751180 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for life and are involved in the regulation of almost all biological processes. ROS production is critical for plant development, response to abiotic stresses and immune responses. Here, we focus on recent discoveries in ROS biology emphasizing abiotic and biotic stress responses. Recent advancements have resulted in the identification of one of the first sensors for extracellular ROS and highlighted waves of ROS production during stress signalling in Arabidopsis. Enzymes that produce ROS, including NADPH oxidases, exhibit precise regulation through diverse post-translational modifications. Discoveries highlight the importance of both amino- and carboxy-terminal regulation of NADPH oxidases through protein phosphorylation and cysteine oxidation. Here, we discuss advancements in ROS compartmentalization, systemic ROS waves, ROS sensing and post-translational modification of ROS-producing enzymes and identify areas where foundational gaps remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardo Castro
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Citterico
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sachie Kimura
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Danielle M Stevens
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael Wrzaczek
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Ma X, Bai L. Elevated CO 2 and Reactive Oxygen Species in Stomatal Closure. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020410. [PMID: 33672284 PMCID: PMC7926597 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant guard cell is essential for photosynthesis and transpiration. The aperture of stomata is sensitive to various environment factors. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important regulator of stomatal movement, and its signaling includes the perception, transduction and gene expression. The intersections with many other signal transduction pathways make the regulation of CO2 more complex. High levels of CO2 trigger stomata closure, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the key component has been demonstrated function in this regulation. Additional research is required to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, especially for the detailed signal factors related with ROS in this response. This review focuses on Arabidopsis stomatal closure induced by high-level CO2, and summarizes current knowledge of the role of ROS involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Bai
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13653782901
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8
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Wu F, Jiang G, Yan H, Xiao L, Liang H, Zhang D, Jiang Y, Duan X. Redox regulation of glutathione peroxidase by thioredoxin in longan fruit in relation to senescence and quality deterioration. Food Chem 2020; 345:128664. [PMID: 33340895 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are important redox regulators in organisms. However, their involvement in fruit senescence and quality deterioration remains unclear. In this study, one Trx (DlTrx1) and one NADPH-dependent Trx reductase (DlNRT1) cDNAs, were cloned from longan fruit. The DlTrx1 could be effectively reduced by the DlNTR1. Expression of DlTrx1 and DlNTR1 were up-regulated during fruit senescence and quality deterioration. We further identified 33 potential Trx target proteins in longan, including one glutathione peroxidase (DlGpx). DlTrx1 could physically interact with DlGpx. DlTrx1 in combination with DlNTR1 effectively activated DlGpx activity by regulating its redox state. Cys90 in DlGPx could form a disulfide bond with either Cys42 or Cys71, which were the sites of redox modulation. Furthermore, DlGpx exhibited a higher ratio of disulfide bonds to sulfhydryl groups in senescent or deteriorative fruit. We propose that Trx-mediated redox regulation of DlGpx is involved in senescence or quality deterioration of harvested longan fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwang Wu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Guoxiang Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Huiling Yan
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Hanzhi Liang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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9
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da Fonseca-Pereira P, Souza PVL, Hou LY, Schwab S, Geigenberger P, Nunes-Nesi A, Timm S, Fernie AR, Thormählen I, Araújo WL, Daloso DM. Thioredoxin h2 contributes to the redox regulation of mitochondrial photorespiratory metabolism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:188-208. [PMID: 31378951 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are important proteins involved in redox regulation of metabolism. In plants, it has been shown that the mitochondrial metabolism is regulated by the mitochondrial TRX system. However, the functional significance of TRX h2, which is found at both cytosol and mitochondria, remains unclear. Arabidopsis plants lacking TRX h2 showed delayed seed germination and reduced respiration alongside impaired stomatal and mesophyll conductance, without impacting photosynthesis under ambient O2 conditions. However, an increase in the stoichiometry of photorespiratory CO2 release was found during O2 -dependent gas exchange measurements in trxh2 mutants. Metabolite profiling of trxh2 leaves revealed alterations in key metabolites of photorespiration and in several metabolites involved in respiration and amino acid metabolism. Decreased abundance of serine hydroxymethyltransferase and glycine decarboxylase (GDC) H and L subunits as well as reduced NADH/NAD+ ratios were also observed in trxh2 mutants. We further demonstrated that the redox status of GDC-L is altered in trxh2 mutants in vivo and that recombinant TRX h2 can deactivate GDC-L in vitro, indicating that this protein is redox regulated by the TRX system. Collectively, our results demonstrate that TRX h2 plays an important role in the redox regulation of mitochondrial photorespiratory metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo V L Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Liang-Yu Hou
- Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Saskia Schwab
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, D-18051, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, D-18051, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department Willmitzer, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Ina Thormählen
- Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
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Ehonen S, Yarmolinsky D, Kollist H, Kangasjärvi J. Reactive Oxygen Species, Photosynthesis, and Environment in the Regulation of Stomata. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1220-1237. [PMID: 29237281 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Stomata sense the intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (Ci) and water availability under changing environmental conditions and adjust their apertures to maintain optimal cellular conditions for photosynthesis. Stomatal movements are regulated by a complex network of signaling cascades where reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role as signaling molecules. Recent Advances: Recent research has uncovered several new signaling components involved in CO2- and abscisic acid-triggered guard cell signaling pathways. In addition, we are beginning to understand the complex interactions between different signaling pathways. CRITICAL ISSUES Plants close their stomata in reaction to stress conditions, such as drought, and the subsequent decrease in Ci leads to ROS production through photorespiration and over-reduction of the chloroplast electron transport chain. This reduces plant growth and thus drought may cause severe yield losses for agriculture especially in arid areas. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The focus of future research should be drawn toward understanding the interplay between various signaling pathways and how ROS, redox, and hormonal balance changes in space and time. Translating this knowledge from model species to crop plants will help in the development of new drought-resistant crop species with high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Ehonen
- 1 Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,2 Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Hannes Kollist
- 3 Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- 1 Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Chi YH, Koo SS, Oh HT, Lee ES, Park JH, Phan KAT, Wi SD, Bae SB, Paeng SK, Chae HB, Kang CH, Kim MG, Kim WY, Yun DJ, Lee SY. The Physiological Functions of Universal Stress Proteins and Their Molecular Mechanism to Protect Plants From Environmental Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:750. [PMID: 31231414 PMCID: PMC6560075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the original discovery of a Universal Stress Protein (USP) in Escherichia coli, a number of USPs have been identified from diverse sources including archaea, bacteria, plants, and metazoans. As their name implies, these proteins participate in a broad range of cellular responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Their physiological functions are associated with ion scavenging, hypoxia responses, cellular mobility, and regulation of cell growth and development. Consistent with their roles in resistance to multiple stresses, USPs show a wide range of structural diversity that results from the diverse range of other functional motifs fused with the USP domain. As well as providing structural diversity, these catalytic motifs are responsible for the diverse biochemical properties of USPs and enable them to act in a number of cellular signaling transducers and metabolic regulators. Despite the importance of USP function in many organisms, the molecular mechanisms by which USPs protect cells and provide stress resistance remain largely unknown. This review addresses the diverse roles of USPs in plants and how the proteins enable plants to resist against multiple stresses in ever-changing environment. Bioinformatic tools used for the collection of a set of USPs from various plant species provide more than 2,100 USPs and their functional diversity in plant physiology. Data from previous studies are used to understand how the biochemical activity of plant USPs modulates biotic and abiotic stress signaling. As USPs interact with the redox protein, thioredoxin, in Arabidopsis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulates the activity of USPs, the involvement of USPs in redox-mediated defense signaling is also considered. Finally, this review discusses the biotechnological application of USPs in an agricultural context by considering the development of novel stress-resistant crops through manipulating the expression of USP genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hun Chi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sung Sun Koo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hun Taek Oh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Eun Seon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Joung Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Kieu Anh Thi Phan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seong Dong Wi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Su Bin Bae
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seol Ki Paeng
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ho Byoung Chae
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sang Yeol Lee,
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12
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Sang Y, Wang Y, Ni H, Cazalé A, She Y, Peeters N, Macho AP. The Ralstonia solanacearum type III effector RipAY targets plant redox regulators to suppress immune responses. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:129-142. [PMID: 27768829 PMCID: PMC6638004 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The subversion of plant cellular functions is essential for bacterial pathogens to proliferate in host plants and cause disease. Most bacterial plant pathogens employ a type III secretion system to inject type III effector (T3E) proteins inside plant cells, where they contribute to the pathogen-induced alteration of plant physiology. In this work, we found that the Ralstonia solanacearum T3E RipAY suppresses plant immune responses triggered by bacterial elicitors and by the phytohormone salicylic acid. Further biochemical analysis indicated that RipAY associates in planta with thioredoxins from Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis. Interestingly, RipAY displays γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) activity to degrade glutathione in plant cells, which is required for the reported suppression of immune responses. Given the importance of thioredoxins and glutathione as major redox regulators in eukaryotic cells, RipAY activity may constitute a novel and powerful virulence strategy employed by R. solanacearum to suppress immune responses and potentially alter general redox signalling in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Sang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201602China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201602China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China
| | - Hong Ni
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201602China
| | | | - Yi‐Min She
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201602China
| | - Nemo Peeters
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRSCastanet‐Tolosan 31326France
| | - Alberto P. Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201602China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China
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13
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Carmody M, Waszczak C, Idänheimo N, Saarinen T, Kangasjärvi J. ROS signalling in a destabilised world: A molecular understanding of climate change. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 203:69-83. [PMID: 27364884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate change results in increased intensity and frequency of extreme abiotic and biotic stress events. In plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate in proportion to the level of stress and are major signalling and regulatory metabolites coordinating growth, defence, acclimation and cell death. Our knowledge of ROS homeostasis, sensing, and signalling is therefore key to understanding the impacts of climate change at the molecular level. Current research is uncovering new insights into temporal-spatial, cell-to-cell and systemic ROS signalling pathways, particularly how these affect plant growth, defence, and more recently acclimation mechanisms behind stress priming and long term stress memory. Understanding the stabilising and destabilising factors of ROS homeostasis and signalling in plants exposed to extreme and fluctuating stress will concomitantly reveal how to address future climate change challenges in global food security and biodiversity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Carmody
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Cezary Waszczak
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Niina Idänheimo
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Timo Saarinen
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Hägglund P, Finnie C, Yano H, Shahpiri A, Buchanan BB, Henriksen A, Svensson B. Seed thioredoxin h. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:974-82. [PMID: 26876537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins are nearly ubiquitous disulfide reductases involved in a wide range of biochemical pathways in various biological systems, and also implicated in numerous biotechnological applications. Plants uniquely synthesize an array of thioredoxins targeted to different cell compartments, for example chloroplastic f- and m-type thioredoxins involved in regulation of the Calvin-Benson cycle. The cytosolic h-type thioredoxins act as key regulators of seed germination and are recycled by NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase. The present review on thioredoxin h systems in plant seeds focuses on occurrence, reaction mechanisms, specificity, target protein identification, three-dimensional structure and various applications. The aim is to provide a general background as well as an update covering the most recent findings. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Hägglund
- Protein and Immune Systems Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Matematiktorvet, Building 301, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Christine Finnie
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Hiroyuki Yano
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-12, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Azar Shahpiri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Bob B Buchanan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Koshland Hall 111, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
| | - Anette Henriksen
- Department of Large Protein Biophysics and Formulation, Global Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Elektrovej, Building 375, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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15
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Kerchev P, De Smet B, Waszczak C, Messens J, Van Breusegem F. Redox Strategies for Crop Improvement. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1186-205. [PMID: 26062101 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Recently, the agro-biotech industry has been driven by overcoming the limitations imposed by fluctuating environmental stress conditions on crop productivity. A common theme among (a)biotic stresses is the perturbation of the redox homeostasis. RECENT ADVANCES As a strategy to engineer stress-tolerant crops, many approaches have been centered on restricting the negative impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. CRITICAL ISSUES In this study, we discuss the scientific background of the existing redox-based strategies to improve crop performance and quality. In this respect, a special focus goes to summarizing the current patent landscape because this aspect is very often ignored, despite constituting the forefront of applied research. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The current increased understanding of ROS acting as signaling molecules has opened new avenues to exploit redox biology for crop improvement required for sustainable food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kerchev
- 1 Department of Plant Systems Biology , VIB, Ghent, Belgium .,2 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Smet
- 1 Department of Plant Systems Biology , VIB, Ghent, Belgium .,2 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium .,3 Structural Biology Research Center , VIB, Brussels, Belgium .,4 Brussels Center for Redox Biology , Brussel, Belgium .,5 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussel, Belgium
| | - Cezary Waszczak
- 1 Department of Plant Systems Biology , VIB, Ghent, Belgium .,2 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium .,3 Structural Biology Research Center , VIB, Brussels, Belgium .,4 Brussels Center for Redox Biology , Brussel, Belgium .,5 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussel, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- 3 Structural Biology Research Center , VIB, Brussels, Belgium .,4 Brussels Center for Redox Biology , Brussel, Belgium .,5 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussel, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- 1 Department of Plant Systems Biology , VIB, Ghent, Belgium .,2 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Gonzali S, Loreti E, Cardarelli F, Novi G, Parlanti S, Pucciariello C, Bassolino L, Banti V, Licausi F, Perata P. Universal stress protein HRU1 mediates ROS homeostasis under anoxia. NATURE PLANTS 2015; 1:15151. [PMID: 27251529 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant survival is greatly impaired when oxygen levels are limiting, such as during flooding or when anatomical constraints limit oxygen diffusion. Oxygen sensing in Arabidopsis thaliana is mediated by Ethylene Responsive Factor (ERF)-VII transcription factors, which control a core set of hypoxia- and anoxia-responsive genes responsible for metabolic acclimation to low-oxygen conditions. Anoxic conditions also induce genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whether the oxygen-sensing machinery coordinates ROS production under anoxia has remained unclear. Here we show that a low-oxygen-responsive universal stress protein (USP), Hypoxia Responsive Universal Stress Protein 1 (HRU1), is induced by RAP2.12 (Related to Apetala 2.12), an ERF-VII protein, and modulates ROS production in Arabidopsis. We found that HRU1 is strongly induced by submergence, but that this induction is abolished in plants lacking RAP2.12. Mutation of HRU1 through transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertion alters hydrogen peroxide production, and reduces tolerance to submergence and anoxia. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analyses reveal that HRU1 interacts with proteins that induce ROS production, the GTPase ROP2 and the NADPH oxidase RbohD, pointing to the existence of a low-oxygen-specific mechanism for the modulation of ROS levels. We propose that HRU1 coordinates oxygen sensing with ROS signalling under anoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gonzali
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Mariscoglio 34, Pisa 56124, Italy
- nanoPlant Center @NEST, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Elena Loreti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Giacomo Novi
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Mariscoglio 34, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Sandro Parlanti
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Mariscoglio 34, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Chiara Pucciariello
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Mariscoglio 34, Pisa 56124, Italy
- nanoPlant Center @NEST, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Laura Bassolino
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Mariscoglio 34, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Valeria Banti
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Mariscoglio 34, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Francesco Licausi
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Mariscoglio 34, Pisa 56124, Italy
- nanoPlant Center @NEST, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Mariscoglio 34, Pisa 56124, Italy
- nanoPlant Center @NEST, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127, Italy
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17
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Waszczak C, Akter S, Jacques S, Huang J, Messens J, Van Breusegem F. Oxidative post-translational modifications of cysteine residues in plant signal transduction. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2923-34. [PMID: 25750423 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, fluctuation of the redox balance by altered levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can affect many aspects of cellular physiology. ROS homeostasis is governed by a diversified set of antioxidant systems. Perturbation of this homeostasis leads to transient or permanent changes in the redox status and is exploited by plants in different stress signalling mechanisms. Understanding how plants sense ROS and transduce these stimuli into downstream biological responses is still a major challenge. ROS can provoke reversible and irreversible modifications to proteins that act in diverse signalling pathways. These oxidative post-translational modifications (Ox-PTMs) lead to oxidative damage and/or trigger structural alterations in these target proteins. Characterization of the effect of individual Ox-PTMs on individual proteins is the key to a better understanding of how cells interpret the oxidative signals that arise from developmental cues and stress conditions. This review focuses on ROS-mediated Ox-PTMs on cysteine (Cys) residues. The Cys side chain, with its high nucleophilic capacity, appears to be the principle target of ROS. Ox-PTMs on Cys residues participate in various signalling cascades initiated by plant stress hormones. We review the mechanistic aspects and functional consequences of Cys Ox-PTMs on specific target proteins in view of stress signalling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Waszczak
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium * Present address: Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salma Akter
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Silke Jacques
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Dietz KJ. Efficient high light acclimation involves rapid processes at multiple mechanistic levels. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2401-14. [PMID: 25573858 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Like no other chemical or physical parameter, the natural light environment of plants changes with high speed and jumps of enormous intensity. To cope with this variability, photosynthetic organisms have evolved sensing and response mechanisms that allow efficient acclimation. Most signals originate from the chloroplast itself. In addition to very fast photochemical regulation, intensive molecular communication is realized within the photosynthesizing cell, optimizing the acclimation process. Current research has opened up new perspectives on plausible but mostly unexpected complexity in signalling events, crosstalk, and process adjustments. Within seconds and minutes, redox states, levels of reactive oxygen species, metabolites, and hormones change and transmit information to the cytosol, modifying metabolic activity, gene expression, translation activity, and alternative splicing events. Signalling pathways on an intermediate time scale of several minutes to a few hours pave the way for long-term acclimation. Thereby, a new steady state of the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolism is realized within rather short time periods irrespective of the previous acclimation history to shade or sun conditions. This review provides a time line of events during six hours in the 'stressful' life of a plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, W5-134, Bielefeld University, University Street 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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19
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Glutaredoxin AtGRXC2 catalyses inhibitory glutathionylation of Arabidopsis BRI1-associated receptor-like kinase 1 (BAK1) in vitro. Biochem J 2015; 467:399-413. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20141403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation, catalysed by protein kinases, is the most widely studied post-translational modification (PTM), whereas the analysis of other modifications such as S-thiolation is in its relative infancy. In a yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) screen, we identified a number of novel putative brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BR1)-associated receptor-like kinase 1 (BAK1) interacting proteins including several proteins related to redox regulation. Glutaredoxin (GRX) C2 (AtGRXC2) was among candidate proteins identified in the Y2H screen and its interaction with recombinant Flag–BAK1 cytoplasmic domain was confirmed using an in vitro pull-down approach. We show that BAK1 peptide kinase activity is sensitive to the oxidizing agents H2O2 and diamide in vitro, suggesting that cysteine oxidation might contribute to control of BAK1 activity. Furthermore, BAK1 was glutathionylated and this reaction could occur via a thiolate-dependent reaction with GSSG or a H2O2-dependent reaction with GSH and inhibited kinase activity. Surprisingly, both reactions were catalysed by AtGRXC2 at lower concentrations of GSSG or GSH than reacted non-enzymatically. Using MALDI–TOF MS, we identified Cys353, Cys374 and Cys408 as potential sites of glutathionylation on the BAK1 cytoplasmic domain and directed mutagenesis suggests that Cys353 and Cys408 are major sites of GRXC2-mediated glutathionylation. Collectively, these results highlight the potential for redox control of BAK1 and demonstrate the ability of AtGRXC2 to catalyse protein glutathionylation, a function not previously described for any plant GRX. The present work presents a foundation for future studies of glutathionylation of plant receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) as well as for the analysis of activities of plant GRXs.
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20
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Belin C, Bashandy T, Cela J, Delorme-Hinoux V, Riondet C, Reichheld JP. A comprehensive study of thiol reduction gene expression under stress conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:299-314. [PMID: 24428628 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Thiol reduction proteins are key regulators of the redox state of the cell, managing development and stress response programs. In plants, thiol reduction proteins, namely thioredoxin (TRX), glutaredoxin (GRX), and their respective reducers glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin reductase (TR), are organized in complex multigene families. In order to decipher the function of the different proteins, it is necessary to have a clear picture of their respective expression profiles. By collecting information from gene expression databases, we have performed a comprehensive in silico study of the expression of all members of different classes of thiol reduction genes (TRX, GRX) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Tissue expression profiles and response to many biotic and abiotic stress conditions have been studied systematically. Altogether, the significance of our data is discussed with respect to published biochemical and genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Belin
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860, Perpignan, France; Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860, Perpignan, France
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21
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Satoh M, Tokaji Y, Nagano AJ, Hara-Nishimura I, Hayashi M, Nishimura M, Ohta H, Masuda S. Arabidopsis mutants affecting oxylipin signaling in photo-oxidative stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 81:90-95. [PMID: 24342708 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant oxylipins derive from oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in thylakoid membranes and oxylipins such as jasmonic acid (JA) and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) play important roles in adaptation to photo-oxidative stress. OPDA functions both as a JA precursor and as a biologically active signaling molecule that induces expression of a specific set of genes. These genes can be induced by OPDA in the JA-insensitive coronatine insensitive1 (coi1) mutant, suggesting that there is an alternative pathway for OPDA signaling, independent of COI1-dependent JA signaling. However, little is known about OPDA signaling in photo-oxidative stress responses. In this study, we isolated Arabidopsis mutants with constitutively enhanced expression from the OPDA-responsive HsfA2 promoter. We used deletion mapping and complementation analysis to identify one responsible gene as CATALASE2. Our results thus indicate that ROS-producing cellular metabolism links to OPDA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Satoh
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tokaji
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shiga 520-2113, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Tamura 1266, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
| | - Mikio Nishimura
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-0867, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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22
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Phosphorylation of bacterial-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase by a Ca2+-dependent protein kinase suggests a link between Ca2+ signalling and anaplerotic pathway control in developing castor oil seeds. Biochem J 2014; 458:109-18. [PMID: 24266766 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize the native protein kinase [BTPC (bacterial-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase)-K (BTPC Ser451 kinase)] that in vivo phosphorylates Ser451 of the BTPC subunits of an unusual Class-2 PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) carboxylase hetero-octameric complex of developing COS (castor oil seeds). COS BTPC-K was highly purified by PEG fractionation and hydrophobic size-exclusion anion-exchange and affinity chromatographies. BTPC-K phosphorylated BTPC strictly at Ser451 (Km=1.0 μM; pH optimum=7.3), a conserved target residue occurring within an intrinsically disordered region, as well as the protein histone III-S (Km=1.7 μM), but not a COS plant-type PEP carboxylase or sucrose synthase or α-casein. Its activity was Ca2+- (K0.5=2.7 μM) and ATP- (Km=6.6 μM) dependent, and markedly inhibited by trifluoperazine, 3-phosphoglycerate and PEP, but insensitive to calmodulin or 14-3-3 proteins. BTPC-K exhibited a native molecular mass of ~63 kDa and was soluble rather than membrane-bound. Inactivation and reactivation occurred upon BTPC-K's incubation with GSSG and then DTT respectively. Ser451 phosphorylation by BTPC-K inhibited BTPC activity by ~50% when assayed under suboptimal conditions (pH 7.3, 1 mM PEP and 10 mM L-malate). Our collective results indicate a possible link between cytosolic Ca2+ signalling and anaplerotic flux control in developing COS.
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23
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Motiwalla MJ, Sequeira MP, D'Souza JS. Two calcium-dependent protein kinases from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are transcriptionally regulated by nutrient starvation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e27969. [PMID: 24514873 PMCID: PMC4091517 DOI: 10.4161/psb.27969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report here, the transcriptional regulation of 2 Calcium Dependent Protein Kinases in response to nutrient starvation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii vegetative cells. The CDPK proteins, CDPK1 and CDPK3; share 53% identity among themselves, a maximum of 57% and 52% to higher plants respectively and 42% to apicomplexan protozoans. We expressed a CDPK1-GFP fusion protein in the C. reinhardtii vegetative cells and showed its distribution both in the cell body and the membrane-matrix fraction of the flagella. The fusion protein exhibits mobility shift in the presence of Ca (2+), confirming its Ca (2+)-binding properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of transcriptional regulation of CDPKs from a unicellular chlorophyte in response to nutrient starvation namely acetate (A), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N).
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