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A deeply conserved protease, acylamino acid-releasing enzyme (AARE), acts in ageing in Physcomitrella and Arabidopsis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:61. [PMID: 36650210 PMCID: PMC9845386 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constant by-products of aerobic life. In excess, ROS lead to cytotoxic protein aggregates, which are a hallmark of ageing in animals and linked to age-related pathologies in humans. Acylamino acid-releasing enzymes (AARE) are bifunctional serine proteases, acting on oxidized proteins. AARE are found in all domains of life, albeit under different names, such as acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH/ACPH), acylaminoacyl peptidase (AAP), or oxidized protein hydrolase (OPH). In humans, AARE malfunction is associated with age-related pathologies, while their function in plants is less clear. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of AARE genes in the plant lineage and an in-depth analysis of AARE localization and function in the moss Physcomitrella and the angiosperm Arabidopsis. AARE loss-of-function mutants have not been described for any organism so far. We generated and analysed such mutants and describe a connection between AARE function, aggregation of oxidized proteins and plant ageing, including accelerated developmental progression and reduced life span. Our findings complement similar findings in animals and humans, and suggest a unified concept of ageing may exist in different life forms.
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Tian D, Patton AH, Turner BJ, Martin CH. Severe inbreeding, increased mutation load and gene loss-of-function in the critically endangered Devils Hole pupfish. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221561. [PMID: 36321496 PMCID: PMC9627712 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Small populations with limited range are often threatened by inbreeding and reduced genetic diversity, which can reduce fitness and exacerbate population decline. One of the most extreme natural examples is the Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis), an iconic and critically endangered species with the smallest known range of any vertebrate. This species has experienced severe declines in population size over the last 30 years and suffered major bottlenecks in 2007 and 2013, when the population shrunk to 38 and 35 individuals, respectively. Here, we analysed 30 resequenced genomes of desert pupfishes from Death Valley, Ash Meadows and surrounding areas to examine the genomic consequences of small population size. We found extremely high levels of inbreeding (FROH = 0.34–0.81) and an increased amount of potentially deleterious genetic variation in the Devils Hole pupfish as compared to other species, including unique, fixed loss-of-function alleles and deletions in genes associated with sperm motility and hypoxia. Additionally, we successfully resequenced a formalin-fixed museum specimen from 1980 and found that the population was already highly inbred prior to recent known bottlenecks. We thus document severe inbreeding and increased mutation load in the Devils Hole pupfish and identify candidate deleterious variants to inform management of this conservation icon.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tian
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Austin H. Patton
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bruce J. Turner
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher H. Martin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Differential Distribution and Activity Profile of Acylpeptide Hydrolase in the Rat Seminiferous Epithelium. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071591. [PMID: 35884896 PMCID: PMC9312705 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH) is a serine protease involved in amino acid recycling from acylated peptides (exopeptidase activity) and degradation of oxidized proteins (endoproteinase activity). This enzyme is inhibited by dichlorvos (DDVP), an organophosphate compound used as an insecticide. The role of APEH in spermatogenesis has not been established; therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the distribution and activity profile of APEH during this process. For this purpose, cryosections of male reproductive tissues (testis and epididymis) and isolated cells (Sertoli cells, germ cells, and spermatozoa) were obtained from adult rats in order to analyze the intracellular localization of APEH by indirect immunofluorescence. In addition, the catalytic activity profiles of APEH in the different male reproductive tissues and isolated cells were quantified. Our results show that APEH is homogeneously distributed in Sertoli cells and early germ cells (spermatocytes and round spermatids), but this pattern changes during spermiogenesis. Specifically, in elongated spermatids and spermatozoa, APEH was localized in the acrosome and the principal piece. The exopeptidase activity was higher in the germ cell pool, compared to sperm and Sertoli cells, while the endoproteinase activity in epididymal homogenates was higher compared to testis homogenates at 24 h of incubation. In isolated cells, this activity was increased in Sertoli and germ cell pools, compared to spermatozoa. Taken together, these results indicate that APEH is differentially distributed in the testicular epithelium and undergoes re-localization during spermiogenesis. A possible role of APEH as a component of a protection system against oxidative stress and during sperm capacitation is discussed.
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Fusco C, Agrillo B, Gogliettino M, Palmieri G, Cocca E. In Vitro Assays for the Bifunctional Acylpeptide Hydrolase (APEH) Enzyme from Antarctic Fish. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2498:413-424. [PMID: 35727561 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2313-8_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The bifunctional enzyme acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH) is involved in important metabolic processes both as an exopeptidase and as an endopeptidase. Hence, the growing interest in the study of this protein and the need to set up in vitro assays for its characterization. This chapter describes two in vitro assays able to detect the activities of APEH, one for the exopeptidase activity and one for the endopeptidase activity. In particular, these assays have been set up on the two APEH isoforms from Antarctic fish, characterized by a distinct functionality and marked exo- and endopeptidase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Fusco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Bruna Agrillo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), Naples, Italy
- Materias Srl, Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Gogliettino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Gianna Palmieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Ennio Cocca
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), Naples, Italy.
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Sandomenico A, Gogliettino M, Iaccarino E, Fusco C, Caporale A, Ruvo M, Palmieri G, Cocca E. Oxidized Substrates of APEH as a Tool to Study the Endoprotease Activity of the Enzyme. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010443. [PMID: 35008880 PMCID: PMC8745263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
APEH is a ubiquitous and cytosolic serine protease belonging to the prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) family, playing a critical role in the processes of degradation of proteins through both exo- and endopeptidase events. Endopeptidase activity has been associated with protein oxidation; however, the actual mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. We show that a synthetic fragment of GDF11 spanning the region 48–64 acquires sensitivity to the endopeptidase activity of APEH only when the methionines are transformed into the corresponding sulphoxide derivatives. The data suggest that the presence of sulphoxide-modified methionines is an important prerequisite for the substrates to be processed by APEH and that the residue is crucial for switching the enzyme activity from exo- to endoprotease. The cleavage occurs on residues placed on the C-terminal side of Met(O), with an efficiency depending on the methionine adjacent residues, which thereby may play a crucial role in driving and modulating APEH endoprotease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Sandomenico
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), 80134 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.C.)
| | - Marta Gogliettino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.G.); (C.F.); (E.C.)
| | - Emanuela Iaccarino
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), 80134 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.C.)
| | - Carmela Fusco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.G.); (C.F.); (E.C.)
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Andrea Caporale
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), 80134 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.C.)
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), 80134 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianna Palmieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.G.); (C.F.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Ennio Cocca
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.G.); (C.F.); (E.C.)
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Giordano D, Corti P, Coppola D, Altomonte G, Xue J, Russo R, di Prisco G, Verde C. Regulation of globin expression in Antarctic fish under thermal and hypoxic stress. Mar Genomics 2020; 57:100831. [PMID: 33250437 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2020.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the freezing waters of the Southern Ocean, Antarctic teleost fish, the Notothenioidei, have developed unique adaptations to cope with cold, including, at the extreme, the loss of hemoglobin in icefish. As a consequence, icefish are thought to be the most vulnerable of the Antarctic fish species to ongoing ocean warming. Some icefish also fail to express myoglobin but all appear to retain neuroglobin, cytoglobin-1, cytoglobin-2, and globin-X. Despite the lack of the inducible heat shock response, Antarctic notothenioid fish are endowed with physiological plasticity to partially compensate for environmental changes, as shown by numerous physiological and genomic/transcriptomic studies over the last decade. However, the regulatory mechanisms that determine temperature/oxygen-induced changes in gene expression remain largely unexplored in these species. Proteins such as globins are susceptible to environmental changes in oxygen levels and temperature, thus playing important roles in mediating Antarctic fish adaptations. In this study, we sequenced the full-length transcripts of myoglobin, neuroglobin, cytoglobin-1, cytoglobin-2, and globin-X from the Antarctic red-blooded notothenioid Trematomus bernacchii and the white-blooded icefish Chionodraco hamatus and evaluated transcripts levels after exposure to high temperature and low oxygen levels. Basal levels of globins are similar in the two species and both stressors affect the expression of Antarctic fish globins in brain, retina and gills. Temperature up-regulates globin expression more effectively in white-blooded than in red-blooded fish while hypoxia strongly up-regulates globins in red-blooded fish, particularly in the gills. These results suggest globins function as regulators of temperature and hypoxia tolerance. This study provides the first insights into globin transcriptional changes in Antarctic fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giordano
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, Napoli 80121, Italy.
| | - Paola Corti
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daniela Coppola
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, Napoli 80121, Italy
| | - Giovanna Altomonte
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy; Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma I-00146, Italy
| | - Jianmin Xue
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Roberta Russo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Guido di Prisco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Cinzia Verde
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, Napoli 80121, Italy
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Brzozowska A, Mlak R, Homa-Mlak I, Gołębiowski P, Mazurek M, Ciesielka M, Małecka-Massalska T. Polymorphism of regulatory region of APEH gene (c.-521G>C, rs4855883) as a relevant predictive factor for radiotherapy induced oral mucositis and overall survival in head neck cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29644-29653. [PMID: 30038710 PMCID: PMC6049874 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study purpose was to examine the correlation between SNP in the regulatory region (c.-521G>C, rs4855883) of APEH gene as well as the incidence and severity of radiotherapy (RTH) induced oral mucositis (OM) and overall survival (OS) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Methods OM in 62 HNC patients subjected to irradiation was assessed using RTOG/EORTC scale. DNA was isolated from whole blood of HNC patients. Mini-sequencing method (SNaPshot PCR) was used to determine the genotype. Results The following frequency of occurrence of APEH gene was observed: CC: 37.1%, CG: 43.6% and GG: 19.3%. It was established that the presence of CC genotype reduced the risk of occurrence of grade 2 and 3 OM symptoms: 3-fold in RTH week 2 (in case of CC vs GC or GG it was: 26.8% vs 73.2% patients, respectively, OR = 0.27, 95 CI: 0.09–0.83; p = 0.0222), 6-fold in RTH week 3 (in case of CC vs GC or GG it was: 29.4% vs 70.6% patients, respectively, OR = 0.16, 95 CI: 0.04–0.67; p = 0.0125) and grade 3 OM symptoms 4-fold in RTH week 6 (in case of CC vs GC or GG it was: 19.2% vs 80.8% patients, respectively, OR = 0.23, 95 CI: 0.07–0.77; p = 0.0166). CC genotype was associated with lower OS (CC vs GG or GC: 29 months vs 38 months; HR = 2.48, 95% CI: 0.90–6.85; p = 0.0266). Conclusion CC genotype of APEH gene was correlated with the risk of more severe radiotherapy-induced OM in HNC patients and lower rates of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brzozowska
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-090, Poland
| | - Radosław Mlak
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-080, Poland
| | - Iwona Homa-Mlak
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-080, Poland
| | - Paweł Gołębiowski
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-090, Poland
| | - Marcin Mazurek
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-080, Poland
| | - Marzanna Ciesielka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-090, Poland
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Ramírez-Santana M, Farías-Gómez C, Zúñiga-Venegas L, Sandoval R, Roeleveld N, Van der Velden K, Scheepers PTJ, Pancetti F. Biomonitoring of blood cholinesterases and acylpeptide hydrolase activities in rural inhabitants exposed to pesticides in the Coquimbo Region of Chile. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196084. [PMID: 29718943 PMCID: PMC5931667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Chile, agriculture is a relevant economic activity and is concomitant with the use of pesticides to improve the yields. Acute intoxications of agricultural workers occur with some frequency and they must be reported to the surveillance system of the Ministry of Health. However the impacts of chronic and environmental pesticide exposure have been less studied. Among pesticides frequently used in Chile for insects control are organophosphates (OP) and carbamates (CB). They are inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). In this study we determined the pattern of both biomarkers activity in three populations with different type of chronic exposure to OP/CB: environmentally exposed (EE), occupationally exposed (OE) and a reference group (RG) without exposure. Besides this, we also measured the activity of acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH), an enzyme involved in relevant functions in the central synapses that is also expressed in erythrocytes and previously reported to be highly inhibited by some OP. A baseline measurement was done in both exposure groups and then a second measurement was done during the spraying season. The RG was measured only once at any time of the year. Our results indicate that people under chronic OP/CB exposure showed an adaptive response through an increase of basal BChE activity. During the spray season only BChE activity was decreased in the EE and OE groups (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively) and the higher magnitude of BChE inhibition was observed in the EE group. The analysis of the frequencies of inhibition above 30% (biological tolerance limit declared by Chilean legislation) indicated that BChE was most frequently inhibited in the EE group (53% of the individuals displayed inhibition) and AChE in the OE group (55% of the individuals displayed AChE inhibition). APEH activity showed the highest frequency of inhibition in the EE group independent of its magnitude (64%). Our results demonstrate that the rural population living nearby agricultural settings displays high levels of environmental exposure. APEH activity seems to be a sensitive biomarker for acute low-level exposure and its usefulness as a routine biomarker must to be explored in future studies. Systematic biomonitoring and health outcomes studies are necessary as well as obtaining the baseline for BChE and AChE activity levels with the aim to improve environmental and occupational health policies in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Ramírez-Santana
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cristián Farías-Gómez
- Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Liliana Zúñiga-Venegas
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Sandoval
- Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Nel Roeleveld
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koos Van der Velden
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul T. J. Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floria Pancetti
- Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- * E-mail:
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O'Brien KM, Crockett EL, Philip J, Oldham CA, Hoffman M, Kuhn DE, Barry R, McLaughlin J. The loss of hemoglobin and myoglobin does not minimize oxidative stress in Antarctic icefishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.162503. [PMID: 29361578 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.162503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The unusual pattern of expression of hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) among Antarctic notothenioid fishes provides an exceptional model system for assessing the impact of these proteins on oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that the lack of oxygen-binding proteins may reduce oxidative stress. Levels and activity of pro-oxidants and small-molecule and enzymatic antioxidants, and levels of oxidized lipids and proteins in the liver, oxidative skeletal muscle and heart ventricle were quantified in five species of notothenioid fishes differing in the expression of Hb and Mb. Levels of ubiquitinated proteins and rates of protein degradation by the 20S proteasome were also quantified. Although levels of oxidized proteins and lipids, ubiquitinated proteins, and antioxidants were higher in red-blooded fishes than in Hb-less icefishes in some tissues, this pattern did not persist across all tissues. Expression of Mb was not associated with oxidative damage in the heart ventricle, whereas the activity of citrate synthase and the contents of heme were positively correlated with oxidative damage in most tissues. Despite some tissue differences in levels of protein carbonyls among species, rates of degradation by the 20S proteasome were not markedly different, suggesting either alternative pathways for eliminating oxidized proteins or that redox tone varies among species. Together, our data indicate that the loss of Hb and Mb does not correspond with a clear pattern of either reduced oxidative defense or oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M O'Brien
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
| | | | - Jacques Philip
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
| | - Corey A Oldham
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
| | - Megan Hoffman
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
| | - Donald E Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Ronald Barry
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
| | - Jessica McLaughlin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
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Yang R, Lemaître V, Huang C, Haddadi A, McNaughton R, Espinosa HD. Monoclonal Cell Line Generation and CRISPR/Cas9 Manipulation via Single-Cell Electroporation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1702495. [PMID: 29430869 PMCID: PMC6016377 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stably transfected cell lines are widely used in drug discovery and biological research to produce recombinant proteins. Generation of these cell lines requires the isolation of multiple clones, using time-consuming dilution methods, to evaluate the expression levels of the gene of interest. A new and efficient method is described for the generation of monoclonal cell lines, without the need for dilution cloning. In this new method, arrays of patterned cell colonies and single cell transfection are employed to deliver a plasmid coding for a reporter gene and conferring resistance to an antibiotic. Using a nanofountain probe electroporation system, probe positioning is achieved through a micromanipulator with sub-micron resolution and resistance-based feedback control. The array of patterned cell colonies allows for rapid selection of numerous stably transfected clonal cell lines located on the same culture well, conferring a significant advantage over slower and labor-intensive traditional methods. In addition to plasmid integration, this methodology can be seamlessly combined with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, paving the way for advanced cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiguo Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- iNfinitesimal LLC, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
| | | | - Changjin Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- iNfinitesimal LLC, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
| | - Abbas Haddadi
- iNfinitesimal LLC, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | | | - Horacio D Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- iNfinitesimal LLC, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
- Institute for Cellular Engineering Technologies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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11
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Palmieri G, Cocca E, Gogliettino M, Valentino R, Ruvo M, Cristofano G, Angiolillo A, Balestrieri M, Rossi M, Di Costanzo A. Low Erythrocyte Levels of Proteasome and Acyl-Peptide Hydrolase (APEH) Activities in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Sign of Defective Proteostasis? J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:1097-1106. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Palmieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Ennio Cocca
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Marta Gogliettino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Valentino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), Napoli, Italy
| | - Gloria Cristofano
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonella Angiolillo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Marco Balestrieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Mosè Rossi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Di Costanzo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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12
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Unusual Antioxidant Properties of 26S Proteasome Isolated from Cold-Adapted Organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081605. [PMID: 28757562 PMCID: PMC5577997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative challenge represents an important factor affecting the adaptive strategies in Antarctic fish, but their impact on the protein degradation machinery still remains unclear. The previous analysis of the first 26S proteasome from the Antarctic red-blooded fish Trematomus bernacchii, evidenced improved antioxidant functions necessary to counteract the environmental pro-oxidant conditions. The purpose of this work was to carry out a study on 26S proteasomes from the temperate red-blooded Dicenthrarcus labrax and the icefish Chionodraco hamatus in comparison with the isoform already described from T. bernacchii, to better elucidate the cold-adapted physiological functions of this complex. Therefore, the 26S isoforms were isolated and the complementary DNAs (cDNAs) codifying the catalytic subunits were cloned. The biochemical characterization of Antarctic 26S proteasomes revealed their significantly higher structural stability and resistance to H2O2 with respect to that of the temperate counterpart, as also suggested by a comparative modeling analysis of the catalytic subunits. Moreover, in contrast to that observed in T. bernacchii, the 26S systems from C. hamatus and D. labrax were incapable to hydrolyze oxidized proteins in a ubiquitin-independent manner. Therefore, the ‘uncommon’ properties displayed by the Antarctic 26S proteasomes can mirror the impact exercised by evolutionary pressure in response to richly oxygenated environments.
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Palumbo R, Gogliettino M, Cocca E, Iannitti R, Sandomenico A, Ruvo M, Balestrieri M, Rossi M, Palmieri G. APEH Inhibition Affects Osteosarcoma Cell Viability via Downregulation of the Proteasome. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101614. [PMID: 27669226 PMCID: PMC5085647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is a multienzymatic complex that controls the half-life of the majority of intracellular proteins, including those involved in apoptosis and cell-cycle progression. Recently, proteasome inhibition has been shown to be an effective anticancer strategy, although its downregulation is often accompanied by severe undesired side effects. We previously reported that the inhibition of acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH) by the peptide SsCEI 4 can significantly affect the proteasome activity in A375 melanoma or Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cell lines, thus shedding new light on therapeutic strategies based on downstream regulation of proteasome functions. In this work, we investigated the functional correlation between APEH and proteasome in a panel of cancer cell lines, and evaluated the cell proliferation upon SsCEI 4-treatments. Results revealed that SsCEI 4 triggered a proliferative arrest specifically in osteosarcoma U2OS cells via downregulation of the APEH–proteasome system, with the accumulation of the typical hallmarks of proteasome: NF-κB, p21Waf1, and polyubiquitinylated proteins. We found that the SsCEI 4 anti-proliferative effect involved a senescence-like growth arrest without noticeable cytotoxicity. These findings represent an important step toward understanding the mechanism(s) underlying the APEH-mediated downregulation of proteasome in order to design new molecules able to efficiently regulate the proteasome system for alternative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Palumbo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), Napoli 80134, Italy.
| | - Marta Gogliettino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli 80131, Italy.
| | - Ennio Cocca
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli 80131, Italy.
| | - Roberta Iannitti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), Napoli 80134, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Sandomenico
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), Napoli 80134, Italy.
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), Napoli 80134, Italy.
| | - Marco Balestrieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli 80131, Italy.
| | - Mosè Rossi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli 80131, Italy.
| | - Gianna Palmieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli 80131, Italy.
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Uncommon functional properties of the first piscine 26S proteasome from the Antarctic notothenioid Trematomus bernacchii. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160022. [PMID: 26933238 PMCID: PMC4832319 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant defense mechanisms have a great impact on the life of Antarctic organisms. The present study could represent the first evidence of a direct involvement of the 26S proteasome in the antioxidant defense systems of fish adapted to cold. Protein homoeostasis is a fundamental process allowing the preservation of functional proteins and it has a great impact on the life of the Antarctic organisms. However, the effect of low temperatures on protein turnover is poorly understood and the cold-adaptation of the degradation machinery remains an unresolved issue. As the 26S proteasome represents the main proteolytic system devoted to the controlled degradation of intracellular proteins, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the functions of this complex in the notothenioid Trematomus bernacchii, in order to better understand its role in the physiology of Antarctic fish. To this aim, we purified and characterized the 26S proteasome from T. bernacchii and isolated the cDNAs codifying seven of the 14 subunits belonging to the proteasome 20S core particle. Results provided evidences of the high resistance of the piscine 26S proteasome to oxidative agents and of its ‘uncommon’ ability to efficiently hydrolyse oxidized bovine serum albumin (BSA), suggesting that this enzymatic complex could play a key role in the antioxidant defense systems in fish inhabiting permanently cold marine environments. These unique properties were also reflected by the 3D model analysis, which revealed a higher structural stability of the piscine complex respect to the murine template. Finally, a comparative analysis, performed in a variety of tissues collected from T. bernacchii and the temperate fish Dicentrarchus labrax, showed a lower protein retention in the cold-adapted fish, possibly due to a better efficiency of its degradation machinery.
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Fu P, Sun W, Zhang Z. Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of acylpeptide hydrolase in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Gene 2016; 580:8-16. [PMID: 26778207 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acylpeptide hydrolase (APH) can catalyze the release of the N-terminal amino acid from acetylated peptides. There were many documented examples of this enzyme in various prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. However, knowledge about APH in insects still remains unknown. In this study, we cloned and sequenced a putative silkworm Bombyx mori APH (BmAPH) gene. The BmAPH gene encodes a protein of 710 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 78.5kDa. The putative BmAPH and mammal APHs share about 36% amino acid sequence identity, yet key catalytic residues are conserved (Ser566, Asp654, and His686). Expression and purification of the recombinant BmAPH in Escherichia coli showed that it has acylpeptide hydrolase activity toward the traditional substrate, Ac-Ala-pNA. Furthermore, organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, chlorpyrifos, phoxim, and malathion, significantly inhibited the activity of the APH both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, BmAPH was expressed in all tested tissues and developmental stages of the silkworm. Finally, immunohistochemistry analysis showed that BmAPH protein was localized in the basement membranes. These results suggested that BmAPH may be involved in enhancing silkworm tolerance to the OP insecticides. In a word, our results provide evidence for understanding of the biological function of APH in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Riccio A, Gogliettino M, Palmieri G, Balestrieri M, Facchiano A, Rossi M, Palumbo S, Monti G, Cocca E. A New APEH Cluster with Antioxidant Functions in the Antarctic Hemoglobinless Icefish Chionodraco hamatus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125594. [PMID: 25946123 PMCID: PMC4422685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH) is a ubiquitous cytosolic protease that plays an important role in the detoxification of oxidised proteins. In this work, to further explore the physiological role of this enzyme, two apeh cDNAs were isolated from the Chionodraco hamatus icefish, which lives in the highly oxygenated Antarctic marine environment. The encoded proteins (APEH-1(Ch) and APEH-2(Ch)) were characterised in comparison with the uniquely expressed isoform from the temperate fish Dicentrarchus labrax (APEH-1Dl) and the two APEHs from the red-blooded Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii (APEH-1(Tb) and APEH-2(Tb)). Homology modelling and kinetic characterisation of the APEH isoforms provided new insights into their structure/function properties. APEH-2 isoforms were the only ones capable of hydrolysing oxidised proteins, with APEH-2(Ch) being more efficient than APEH-2(Tb) at this specific function. Therefore, this ability of APEH-2 isoforms is the result of an evolutionary adaptation due to the pressure of a richly oxygenated environment. The lack of expression of APEH-2 in the tissues of the temperate fish used as the controls further supported this hypothesis. In addition, analysis of gene expression showed a significant discrepancy between the levels of transcripts and those of proteins, especially for apeh-2 genes, which suggests the presence of post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms, triggered by cold-induced oxidative stress, that produce high basal levels of APEH-2 mRNA as a reserve that is ready to use in case of the accumulation of oxidised proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Riccio
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Marta Gogliettino
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianna Palmieri
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Marco Balestrieri
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Facchiano
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - Mosè Rossi
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Palumbo
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Ennio Cocca
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
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