1
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Wang D, Wang J, Cui Y. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis of metformin's inhibitory effects on ovarian cancer cells. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:1293-1299. [PMID: 39206991 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2449_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metformin (MET), a type 2 diabetes treatment, has attracted increased attention for its potential antitumor properties; however, the precise mechanism underlying this activity remains unclear. Our previous in vivo and in vitro studies revealed MET's inhibitory effect on ovarian cancer, with the synergistic effects of MET and the MDM2 inhibitor RG7388 contributing to ovarian cancer treatment. This study further explores the mechanism underlying MET's inhibition of ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following MET treatment, we analyzed the differentially expressed proteins in ovarian cancer cells using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic approach coupled with bioinformatics. RESULTS Using A2780 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, we identified six upregulated and two downregulated proteins after MET treatment. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these proteins predominately affect ovarian cancer cells by regulating iron ion transport, iron ion homeostasis, and mitochondrial and ribosomal functions. Validation via western blot confirmed MET-induced elevation of hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase type 2 (BDH2) protein expression levels in A2780 and SKOV3 cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest that combining MET with other metabolic drugs, such as iron-chelating agents and mitochondrial inhibitors, may result in synergistic antitumor effects, thereby offering novel avenues for ovarian cancer treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingchen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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2
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Vargas-López M, Quiroz-Vicente CA, Pérez-Hernández N, Gómez-Chávez F, Bañuelos-Hernández AE, Pérez-Hernández E. The ketone body β-Hydroxybutyrate as a fuel source of chondrosarcoma cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30212. [PMID: 38694129 PMCID: PMC11061739 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a malignant bone tumor arising from cartilage-producing cells. The conventional subtype of CS typically develops within a dense cartilaginous matrix, creating an environment deficient in oxygen and nutrients, necessitating metabolic adaptation to ensure proliferation under stress conditions. Although ketone bodies (KBs) are oxidized by extrahepatic tissue cells such as the heart and brain, specific cancer cells, including CS cells, can undergo ketolysis. In this study, we found that KBs catabolism is activated in CS cells under nutrition-deprivation conditions. Interestingly, cytosolic β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 2 (BDH2), rather than mitochondrial BDH1, is expressed in these cells, indicating a specific metabolic adaptation for ketolysis in this bone tumor. The addition of the KB, β-Hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) in serum-starved CS cells re-induced the expression of BDH2, along with the key ketolytic enzyme 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1) and monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1). Additionally, internal β-HB production was quantified in supplied and starved cells, suggesting that CS cells are also capable of ketogenesis alongside ketolysis. These findings unveil a novel metabolic adaptation wherein nutrition-deprived CS cells utilize KBs for energy supply and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misael Vargas-López
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 07320, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Quiroz-Vicente
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 07320, Mexico
| | - Nury Pérez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 07320, Mexico
| | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 07320, Mexico
| | - Angel E. Bañuelos-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 07320, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Pérez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 07320, Mexico
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3
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Evolving understandings for the roles of non-coding RNAs in autoimmunity and autoimmune disease. J Autoimmun 2022:102948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Shen Y, Qu B, Shen N. Expanding Roles of Noncoding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:64-75. [PMID: 35239107 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The exact pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. Accumulating finds have indicated the roles of the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) acting as novel epigenetic regulatory elements in the dysfunction of the immune system in SLE. This review will introduce recent studies on how ncRNAs are involved in the development of SLE. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in ncRNAs biology have greatly expanded our understanding of epigenetic regulation of immune responses and inflammation, and increasing evidence suggests ncRNAs are important players in SLE development. Identifications of abnormal expression patterns of ncRNAs and relevant biological impacts in lupus patients have revealed their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for SLE. The dysregulation of ncRNAs contributes to the immunopathogenesis of SLE. Clarifying the functions and mechanisms of SLE-associated ncRNAs provides new opportunities for disease biomarkers and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, 518040, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, 518040, China.
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200032, China.
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5
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Dekens DW, Eisel ULM, Gouweleeuw L, Schoemaker RG, De Deyn PP, Naudé PJW. Lipocalin 2 as a link between ageing, risk factor conditions and age-related brain diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101414. [PMID: 34325073 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic (neuro)inflammation plays an important role in many age-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular dementia. Inflammation also characterizes many conditions that form a risk factor for these CNS disorders, such as physical inactivity, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is an inflammatory protein shown to be involved in different age-related CNS diseases, as well as risk factor conditions thereof. Lcn2 expression is increased in the periphery and the brain in different age-related CNS diseases and also their risk factor conditions. Experimental studies indicate that Lcn2 contributes to various neuropathophysiological processes of age-related CNS diseases, including exacerbated neuroinflammation, cell death and iron dysregulation, which may negatively impact cognitive function. We hypothesize that increased Lcn2 levels as a result of age-related risk factor conditions may sensitize the brain and increase the risk to develop age-related CNS diseases. In this review we first provide a comprehensive overview of the known functions of Lcn2, and its effects in the CNS. Subsequently, this review explores Lcn2 as a potential (neuro)inflammatory link between different risk factor conditions and the development of age-related CNS disorders. Altogether, evidence convincingly indicates Lcn2 as a key constituent in ageing and age-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doortje W Dekens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie Gouweleeuw
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Regien G Schoemaker
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Petrus J W Naudé
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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6
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Fu Y, Liu F, Cao S, Zhang J, Wang H, Wu B, Song Y, Duo S, Li X, Bao S. Bdh2 Deficiency Promotes Endoderm-Biased Early Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:655145. [PMID: 33898455 PMCID: PMC8060705 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.655145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase-2 (Bdh2), a short-chain dehydrogenase, catalyzes a rate-limiting step in the biogenesis of the mammalian siderophore, playing a key role in iron homeostasis, energy metabolism and apoptosis. However, the function of Bdh2 in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains unknown. To gain insights into the role of Bdh2 on pluripotency and cell fate decisions of mouse ESCs, we generated Bdh2 homozygous knockout lines for both mouse advanced embryonic stem cell (ASC) and ESC using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. Bdh2 deficiency in both ASCs and ESCs had no effect on expression of core pluripotent transcription factors and alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting dispensability of Bdh2 for self-renewal and pluripotency of ESCs. Interestingly, cells with Bdh2 deficiency exhibited potency of endoderm differentiation in vitro; with upregulated endoderm associated genes revealed by RNA-seq and RT-qPCR. We further demonstrate that Bdh2 loss inhibited expression of multiple methyltransferases (DNMTs) at both RNA and protein level, suggesting that Bdh2 may be essentially required to maintain DNA methylation in ASCs and ESCs. Overall, this study provides valuable data and resources for understanding how Bdh2 regulate earliest cell fate decision and DNA methylation in ASCs/ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huizhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Baojiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongli Song
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuguang Duo
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xihe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, China
| | - Siqin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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7
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Liu JZ, Hu YL, Feng Y, Jiang Y, Guo YB, Liu YF, Chen X, Yang JL, Chen YY, Mao QS, Xue WJ. BDH2 triggers ROS-induced cell death and autophagy by promoting Nrf2 ubiquitination in gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:123. [PMID: 32605589 PMCID: PMC7325376 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background 3-Hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase 2 (BDH2) is a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family member that plays a key role in the development and pathogenesis of human cancers. However, the role of BDH2 in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unclear. Our study aimed to ascertain the regulatory mechanisms of BDH2 in GC, which could be used to develop new therapeutic strategies. Methods Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR were used to investigate the expression of BDH2 in GC specimens and cell lines. Its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of GC patients was analysed. Functional assays, such as CCK-8 and TUNEL assays, transmission electron microscopy, and an in vivo tumour growth assay, were performed to examine the proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of GC cells. Related molecular mechanisms were clarified by luciferase reporter, coimmunoprecipitation, and ubiquitination assays. Results BDH2 was markedly downregulated in GC tissues and cells, and the low expression of BDH2 was associated with poor survival of GC patients. Functionally, BDH2 overexpression significantly induced apoptosis and autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, BDH2 promoted Keap1 interaction with Nrf2 to increase the ubiquitination level of Nrf2. Ubiquitination/degradation of Nrf2 inhibited the activity of ARE to increase accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation levels of AktSer473 and mTORSer2448. Conclusions Our study indicates that BDH2 is an important tumour suppressor in GC. BDH2 regulates intracellular ROS levels to mediate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway through Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signalling, thereby inhibiting the growth of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Zhou Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Lin Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, China
| | - Yi-Bing Guo
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, China
| | - Yi-Fei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, China
| | - Jun-Ling Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, China
| | - Yu-Yan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, China
| | - Qin-Sheng Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wan-Jiang Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, China. .,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, China.
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8
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Inactivation of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase type 2 promotes proliferation and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by iron retention. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:102-110. [PMID: 31819181 PMCID: PMC6964698 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase type 2 (BDH2) is known to catalyse a rate-limiting step in the biogenesis of the mammalian siderophore and regulate intracellular iron metabolism. Here we aim to explore the expression and possible function of BDH2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods The transcription and protein expression of BDH2 in NPC were determined by both real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining assays. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated by MTT assay, wound-healing assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The profile of genes regulated by restoring BDH2 expression in NPC cells was analysed by cDNA microarray. The level of iron in NPC cells was detected by iron colorimetric assay. Results The expression of BDH2 was significantly downregulated in NPC. Ectopic expression of BDH2 inhibited NPC cell proliferation and colony formation. Meanwhile, BDH2 suppressed the migration and invasion of NPC cells by reversing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, a higher level of BDH2 decreased the growth and metastasis of NPC cells via reducing intracellular iron level. Conclusions Our findings suggest that BDH2 may be a candidate tumour-suppressor gene in NPC. Decreasing intracellular iron could be an effective therapeutic approach for NPC.
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9
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LncRNA TP73-AS1 sponges miR-141-3p to promote the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through the up-regulation of BDH2. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181937. [PMID: 30643007 PMCID: PMC6418400 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNA TP73 antisense RNA 1T (TP73-AS1) plays an important role in human malignancies. However, the levels of TP73-AS1 and its functional mechanisms in pancreatic cancer metastasis remain unknown, and the clinical significance of TP73-AS1 in human pancreatic cancer is also unclear. In the present study, the levels of TP73-AS1 and its candidate target miR-141 in pancreatic cancer and adjacent normal tissue were detected using qRT-PCR. The association between TP73-AS1 levels and the clinicopathologic characteristics of pancreatic cancer patients were analyzed. The relationship between TP73-AS1 and miR-141, and miR-141 and its candidate target 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase type 2 (BDH2) was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assays. TP73-AS1 and/or miR-141 were knocked down using siRNA or an inhibitor in pancreatic cancer cells and cell migration and invasion then examined. The results showed that TP73-AS1 was up-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissue and cell lines. High levels of TP73-AS1 were correlated with poor clinicopathological characteristics and shorter overall survival. MiR-141 was a direct target for TP73-AS1, while BDH2 was a direct target for miR-141. The knockdown of TP73-AS1 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, while the miR-141 inhibitor significantly restored the migration and invasion. Therefore, TP73-AS1 positively regulated BDH2 expression by sponging miR-141. These findings suggest that TP73-AS1 serves as an oncogene and promotes the metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, TP73-AS1 could serve as a predictor and a potential drug biotarget for pancreatic cancer.
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10
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Zhao M, Li MY, Gao XF, Jia SJ, Gao KQ, Zhou Y, Zhang HH, Huang Y, Wang J, Wu HJ, Lu QJ. Downregulation of BDH2 modulates iron homeostasis and promotes DNA demethylation in CD4 + T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2017; 187:113-121. [PMID: 29113828 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
DNA hypomethylation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here we investigated whether 3-hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase 2 (BDH2), a modulator of intracellular iron homeostasis, was involved in regulating DNA hypomethylation and hyper-hydroxymethylation in lupus CD4+ T cells. Our results showed that BDH2 expression was decreased, intracellular iron was increased, global DNA hydroxymethylation level was elevated, while methylation level was reduced in lupus CD4+ T cells compared with healthy controls. The decreased BDH2 contributed to DNA hyper-hydroxymethylation and hypomethylation via increasing intracellular iron in CD4+ T cells, which led to overexpression of immune related genes. Moreover, we showed that BDH2 was the target gene of miR-21. miR-21 promoted DNA demethylation in CD4+ T cells through inhibiting BDH2 expression. Our data demonstrated that the dysregulation of iron homeostasis in CD4+ T cells induced by BDH2 deficiency contributes to DNA demethylation and self-reactive T cells in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Meng-Ying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Su-Jie Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ke-Qin Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hai-Jing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qian-Jin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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11
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Jung M, Weigert A, Mertens C, Rehwald C, Brüne B. Iron Handling in Tumor-Associated Macrophages-Is There a New Role for Lipocalin-2? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1171. [PMID: 28979267 PMCID: PMC5611490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process. Besides somatic mutations in tumor cells, stroma-associated immunity is a major regulator of tumor growth. Tumor cells produce and secrete diverse mediators to create a local microenvironment that supports their own survival and growth. It is becoming apparent that iron acquisition, storage, and release in tumor cells is different from healthy counterparts. It is also appreciated that macrophages in the tumor microenvironment acquire a tumor-supportive, anti-inflammatory phenotype that promotes tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Apparently, this behavior is attributed, at least in part, to the ability of macrophages to support tumor cells with iron. Polarization of macrophages by apoptotic tumor cells shifts the profile of genes involved in iron metabolism from an iron sequestering to an iron-release phenotype. Iron release from macrophages is supposed to be facilitated by ferroportin. However, lipid mediators such as sphingosine-1-phosphate, released form apoptotic tumor cells, upregulate lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2) in macrophages. This protein is known to bind siderophore-complexed iron and thus, may participate in iron transport in the tumor microenvironment. We describe how macrophages handle iron in the tumor microenvironment, discuss the relevance of an iron-release macrophage phenotype for tumor progression, and propose a new role for Lcn-2 in tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Jung
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Mertens
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Faculty 15, Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Rehwald
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, IME, Frankfurt, Germany
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12
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Lipocalin-2 and iron trafficking in the tumor microenvironment. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:146-156. [PMID: 28342790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for virtually all organisms. It facilitates cell proliferation and growth but also contributes to major hallmarks of cancer such as tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. Often, iron handling of tumor cells is disturbed, with altered iron acquisition, efflux, and storage. Targeting perturbed iron metabolic pathways might open opportunities towards novel approaches in cancer treatment. It is becoming clear that cells of the tumor microenvironment such as macrophages contribute to tumor progression. Since macrophages evolved a multitude of mechanisms to sequester, transport, store, and release iron it can be speculated that tumor cells educate them to supply iron to support tumor growth. Recent evidence supports the existence of transferrin-independent iron transport mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment, which points to local iron transport proteins such as lipocalin-2 and/or low molecular weight iron-trafficking substances such as siderophores. We hypothesize that tumor cells educate immune cells, i.e. macrophages in their neighborhood to make them delivering iron for the benefit of cancer progression. In particular, we pay attention to recent developments, pointing to lipocalin-2 and siderophores as alternative iron transport molecules in the tumor microenvironment.
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13
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Protective Effects of Dexrazoxane against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Metabolomic Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169567. [PMID: 28072830 PMCID: PMC5224977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardioprotection of dexrazoxane (DZR) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity is contentious and the indicator is controversial. A pairwise comparative metabolomics approach was used to delineate the potential metabolic processes in the present study. Ninety-six BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two supergroups: tumor and control groups. Each supergroup was divided into control, DOX, DZR, and DOX plus DZR treatment groups. DOX treatment resulted in a steady increase in 5-hydroxylysine, 2-hydroxybutyrate, 2-oxoglutarate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and decrease in glucose, glutamate, cysteine, acetone, methionine, asparate, isoleucine, and glycylproline.DZR treatment led to increase in lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glutamate, alanine, and decrease in glucose, trimethylamine N-oxide and carnosine levels. These metabolites represent potential biomarkers for early prediction of cardiotoxicity of DOX and the cardioprotective evaluation of DZR.
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Role of lipocalin-2 in brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1454-61. [PMID: 25853903 PMCID: PMC4640334 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a siderophore-binding protein involved in cellular iron transport and neuroinflammation. Both iron and inflammation are involved in brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and this study examined the role of LCN2 in such injury. Male adult C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) or LCN2-deficient (LCN2(-/-)) mice had an intracerebral injection of autologous blood or FeCl2. Control animals had a sham operation or saline injection. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral tests were performed at days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after injection. In WT mice, brain LCN2 levels were increased in the ipsilateral basal ganglia after ICH or iron injection. Lipocalin-2-positive cells were astrocytes, microglia, neurons, and endothelial cells. Intracerebral hemorrhage resulted in a significant increase in ferritin expression in the ipsilateral basal ganglia. Compared with WT mice, ICH caused less ferritin upregulation, microglia activation, brain swelling, brain atrophy, and neurologic deficits in LCN2(-/-) mice (P<0.05). The size of the lesion induced by FeCl2 injection as well as the degree of brain swelling and blood-brain barrier disruption were also less in LCN2(-/-) mice (P<0.05). These results suggest a role of LCN2 in enhancing brain injury and iron toxicity after ICH.
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Inflammation and ER stress downregulate BDH2 expression and dysregulate intracellular iron in macrophages. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:140728. [PMID: 25762501 PMCID: PMC4267003 DOI: 10.1155/2014/140728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a very important role in host defense and in iron homeostasis by engulfing senescent red blood cells and recycling iron. Hepcidin is the master iron regulating hormone that limits dietary iron absorption from the gut and limits iron egress from macrophages. Upon infection macrophages retain iron to limit its bioavailability which limits bacterial growth. Recently, a short chain butyrate dehydrogenase type 2 (BDH2) protein was reported to contain an iron responsive element and to mediate cellular iron trafficking by catalyzing the synthesis of the mammalian siderophore that binds labile iron; therefore, BDH2 plays a crucial role in intracellular iron homeostasis. However, BDH2 expression and regulation in macrophages have not yet been described. Here we show that LPS-induced inflammation combined with ER stress led to massive BDH2 downregulation, increased the expression of ER stress markers, upregulated hepcidin expression, downregulated ferroportin expression, caused iron retention in macrophages, and dysregulated cytokine release from macrophages. We also show that ER stress combined with inflammation synergistically upregulated the expression of the iron carrier protein NGAL and the stress-inducible heme degrading enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) leading to iron liberation. This is the first report to show that inflammation and ER stress downregulate the expression of BDH2 in human THP-1 macrophages.
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