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Zhen H, Liu J, Xiong K, Zheng L, Hu Y, Li M, Jin W. Engineering a carboxypeptidase from Aspergillus oryzae M30011 to improve the terminal-specific enzymatic hydrolysis of aromatic amino acids. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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2
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Akparov VK, Konstantinova GE, Timofeev VI, Kuranova IP. Preparation, Crystallization, and Preliminary X-Ray Diffraction Study of Mutant Carboxypeptidase T Bearing the Hydrophilized Primary Specificity Pocket. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774521030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xiong K, Liu J, Wang X, Sun B, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Pei P, Li X. Engineering a carboxypeptidase from Aspergillus niger M00988 by mutation to increase its ability in high Fischer ratio oligopeptide preparation. J Biotechnol 2021; 330:1-8. [PMID: 33647354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High Fischer ratio oligopeptides have better conditioning effects on chronic diseases caused by long-term sub-health. At present, the enzymatic method for producing high Fischer ratio oligopeptides has a low yield, complicated purification, and a high cost. The use of exopeptidases with specific catalytic activity for aromatic amino acids in the preparation of high Fischer ratio oligopeptides is an important means to solve this problem. The carboxypeptidase from Aspergillus niger M00988 was cloned, which has good specificity for hydrophobic amino acids. Mutations at important substrate binding sites 135, 160, and 206 were performed to study important factors affecting the enzyme-specific recognition of aromatic groups. The results showed that the steric hindrance of amino acid residues at position 135 and the effects of positions 160 and 206 on the binding force of the enzyme to the substrate have important effects on the specific recognition of aromatic groups by the enzyme. Therefore, the S135 G, Y160S, and Y206S mutant enzymes have good application prospects in the preparation of high Fischer ratio oligopeptides with Chlorella powder. The obtained oligopeptides' Fischer ratio reached 31.45, 38.42, and 36.54, respectively. Compared with the original enzyme, the Fischer ratio increased by 2.58 %, 25.31 %, and 19.18 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiong
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jiayun Liu
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhiyao Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Penggang Pei
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiuyuan Li
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
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Ding Y, Yang Y, Ren Y, Xia J, Liu F, Li Y, Tang XF, Tang B. Extracellular Production, Characterization, and Engineering of a Polyextremotolerant Subtilisin-Like Protease From Feather-Degrading Thermoactinomyces vulgaris Strain CDF. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:605771. [PMID: 33408708 PMCID: PMC7779483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.605771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, the gene encoding a subtilisin-like protease (protease Als) was cloned from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris strain CDF and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was released into the culture medium of E. coli as a mature form (mAls). Purified mAls displayed optimal activity at 60–70°C and pH 10.0 using azo-casein as the substrate, and showed a half-life of 13.8 h at 70°C. Moreover, the activity of thermostable mAls was comparable to or higher than those of mesophilic subtilisin Carlsberg and proteinase K at low temperatures (10–30°C). Protease Als was also stable in several organic solvents and showed high compatibility with commercial laundry detergents. Notably, mAls exhibited approximately 100% of its activity at 3 M NaCl, and showed enhanced thermostability with the increase of NaCl concentration up to 3 M. Protease Als possesses an excess of solvent-accessible acidic amino acid residues, which may account for the high halotolerance of the enzyme. Compared with homologous protease C2 from the same strain, protease Als exhibits substantially lower activity toward insoluble keratin substrates but efficiently hydrolyzes soluble keratin released from chicken feathers. Additionally, direct substitution of the substrate-binding site of protease Als with that of protease C2 improves its activity against insoluble keratin substrates. By virtue of its polyextremotolerant attribute and kerationolytic capacity, protease Als may find broad applications in various industries such as laundry detergents, food processing, non-aqueous biocatalysis, and feather processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingying Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan, China
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Wang R, Lin L, Zheng Y, Cao P, Yuchi Z, Wu HY. Identification of 2-PMPA as a novel inhibitor of cytosolic carboxypeptidases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1393-1399. [PMID: 33092792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic carboxypeptidases (CCPs) comprise a unique subfamily of M14 carboxypeptidases and are erasers of the reversible protein posttranslational modification- polyglutamylation. Potent inhibitors for CCPs may serve as leading compounds targeting imbalanced polyglutamylation. However, no efficient CCP inhibitor has yet been reported. Here, we showed that 2-phosphonomethylpentanedioic acid (2-PMPA), a potent inhibitor of the distant M28 family member glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), rather than the typical M14 inhibitor 2-benzylsuccinic acid, could efficiently inhibit CCP activities. 2-PMPA inhibited the recombinant Nna1 (a.k.a. CCP1) for hydrolyzing a synthetic peptide in a mixed manner, with Ki and Ki' being 0.11 μM and 0.24 μM respectively. It inhibited Nna1 for deglutamylating tubulin, the best-known polyglutamylated protein, with an IC50 of 0.21 mM. Homology modeling predicted that the R-form of 2-PMPA is more favorable to bind Nna1, unlike that GCPII prefers to S-form. This work for the first time identified a potent inhibitor for CCP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lianyun Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yiqiang Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Hui-Yuan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Akparov VK, Timofeev VI, Konstantinova GE, Khaliullin IG, Kuranova IP, Rakitina TV, Švedas V. The nature of the ligand's side chain interacting with the S1'-subsite of metallocarboxypeptidase T (from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris) determines the geometry of the tetrahedral transition complex. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226636. [PMID: 31887148 PMCID: PMC6937156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The carboxypeptidase T (CPT) from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris has an active site structure and 3D organization similar to pancreatic carboxypeptidases A and B (CPA and CPB), but differs in broader substrate specificity. The crystal structures of CPT complexes with the transition state analogs N-sulfamoyl-L-leucine and N-sulfamoyl-L-glutamate (SLeu and SGlu) were determined and compared with previously determined structures of CPT complexes with N-sulfamoyl-L-arginine and N-sulfamoyl-L-phenylalanine (SArg and SPhe). The conformations of residues Tyr255 and Glu270, the distances between these residues and the corresponding ligand groups, and the Zn-S gap between the zinc ion and the sulfur atom in the ligand's sulfamoyl group that simulates a distance between the zinc ion and the tetrahedral sp3-hybridized carbon atom of the converted peptide bond, vary depending on the nature of the side chain in the substrate's C-terminus. The increasing affinity of CPT with the transition state analogs in the order SGlu, SArg, SPhe, SLeu correlates well with a decreasing Zn-S gap in these complexes and the increasing efficiency of CPT-catalyzed hydrolysis of the corresponding tripeptide substrates (ZAAL > ZAAF > ZAAR > ZAAE). Thus, the side chain of the ligand that interacts with the primary specificity pocket of CPT, determines the geometry of the transition complex, the relative orientation of the bond to be cleaved by the catalytic groups of the active site and the catalytic properties of the enzyme. In the case of CPB, the relative orientation of the catalytic amino acid residues, as well as the distance between Glu270 and SArg/SPhe, is much less dependent on the nature of the corresponding side chain of the substrate. The influence of the nature of the substrate side chain on the structural organization of the transition state determines catalytic activity and broad substrate specificity of the carboxypeptidase T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Kh. Akparov
- Protein Chemistry Department, Federal Institution "State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
- Protein Factory, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Timofeev
- Laboratory of X-ray analysis methods and synchrotron radiation, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Kurchatov center of synchrotron-neutron research, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina E. Konstantinova
- Protein Chemistry Department, Federal Institution "State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilyas G. Khaliullin
- Laboratory of ion and molecular physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Inna P. Kuranova
- Laboratory of X-ray analysis methods and synchrotron radiation, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Kurchatov center of synchrotron-neutron research, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Rakitina
- Protein Factory, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation Proteins, Shemyakin−Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vytas Švedas
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Kordonskaya YV, Timofeev VI, Dyakova YA, Marchenkova MA, Pisarevsky YV, Podshivalov DD, Kovalchuk MV. Study of the Behavior of Lysozyme Oligomers in Solutions by the Molecular Dynamics Method. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774518060196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Akparov VK, Timofeev VI, Khaliullin IG, Švedas V, Kuranova IP, Rakitina TV. Crystal structures of carboxypeptidase T complexes with transition-state analogs. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:3958-3966. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1404932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valery Kh. Akparov
- Protein Chemistry Department, State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, 1yi Dorozhnyi Proezd, 1, Moscow 117545, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Timofeev
- X-ray Analysis Methods and Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Akad. Kurchatova pl.1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Ilyas G. Khaliullin
- Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii per., 9, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Vytas Švedas
- Biokinetics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Leninskie Gory 1, b.73, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Inna P. Kuranova
- X-ray Analysis Methods and Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Akad. Kurchatova pl.1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Rakitina
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Akad. Kurchatova pl.1, Moscow 123182, Russia
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation Proteins, M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A, Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
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New microbial resource: microbial diversity, function and dynamics in Chinese liquor starter. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14577. [PMID: 29109406 PMCID: PMC5674051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14968-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese liquor (Baijiu) solid state fermentation technology has lasted for several thousand years. The microbial communities that enrich in liquor starter are important for fermentation. However, the microbial communities are still under-characterized. In this study, 454 pyrosequencing technology was applied to comprehensively analyze the microbial diversity, function and dynamics of two most-consumed liquor starters (Jiang- and Nong-flavor) during production. In total, 315 and 83 bacterial genera and 72 and 47 fungal genera were identified in Jiang- and Nong-flavor liquor starter, respectively. The relatively high diversity was observed when the temperature increased to 70 and 62 °C for Jiang- and Nong-flavor liquor starter, respectively. Some thermophilic fungi have already been isolated. Microbial communities that might contribute to ethanol fermentation, saccharification and flavor development were identified and shown to be core communities in correlation-based network analysis. The predictively functional profile of bacterial communities showed significant difference in energy, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism and the degradation of aromatic compounds between the two kinds of liquor starters. Here we report these liquor starters as a new functionally microbial resource, which can be used for discovering thermophilic and aerobic enzymes and for food and feed preservation.
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Akparov V, Timofeev V, Khaliullin I, Švedas V, Kuranova I. Structure of the carboxypeptidase B complex with N-sulfamoyl-L-phenylalanine – a transition state analog of non-specific substrate. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:956-965. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1304242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valery Akparov
- Protein Chemistry Department, State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, 1-yi DorozhnyiProezd 1, Moscow, 117545, Russia
| | - Vladimir Timofeev
- X-ray Analysis Methods and Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 59, Moscow, 119333, Russia
- NBICS Center, National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Akad. Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Ilyas Khaliullin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutsky per. Dolgoprudny, Moscow, 141700, Russia
| | - Vytas Švedas
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/40Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Inna Kuranova
- X-ray Analysis Methods and Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 59, Moscow, 119333, Russia
- NBICS Center, National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Akad. Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
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Akparov VK, Timofeev VI, Maghsoudi NN, Kuranova IP. Three-dimensional structure of porcine pancreatic carboxypeptidase B with an acetate ion and two zinc atoms in the active site. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s106377451702002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Boyko KM, Timofeev VI, Samygina VR, Kuranova IP, Popov VO, Koval’chuk MV. Protein crystallization under microgravity conditions. Analysis of the results of Russian experiments performed on the International Space Station in 2005−2015. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774516050059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Akparov V, Sokolenko N, Timofeev V, Kuranova I. Structure of the complex of carboxypeptidase B and N-sulfamoyl-L-arginine. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2015; 71:1335-40. [PMID: 26457527 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15016799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Porcine pancreatic carboxypeptidase B (EC 3.4.23.6) was complexed with a stable transition-state analogue, N-sulfamoyl-L-arginine, in which an S atom imitates the sp(3)-hybridized carbon in the scissile-bond surrogate. Crystals were grown in a form belonging to the same space group, P41212, as the uncomplexed enzyme. X-ray data were collected to a resolution of 1.25 Å. The molecule was refined and the positions of non-H atoms of the inhibitor and water molecules were defined using difference Fourier maps. The enzyme-inhibitor complex and 329 water molecules were further refined to a crystallographic R factor of 0.159. The differences in conformation between the complexed and uncomplexed forms of carboxypeptidase B are shown. The inhibitor is bound in a curved conformation in the active-site cleft, and the sulfamide group is bound to the Zn ion in an asymmetric bidentate fashion. The complex is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the N1/N2 guanidine group of the inhibitor and the Asp255 carboxyl of the enzyme. The side-chain CH2 groups of the inhibitor are in van der Waals contact with Leu203 and Ile247 in the enzyme. This study provides useful clues concerning how the transition state of arginine may bind to carboxypeptidase B and therefore provides an insight into the structural basis of carboxypeptidase B selectivity, which is useful for the rational design of a carboxypeptidase with improved selectivity for industrial recombinant pro-insulin processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Akparov
- Protein Chemistry Department, State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, 1yi Dorozhnyi Proezd 1, 117545 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay Sokolenko
- Chemical Synthesis Department, Innovation Research Centre `Solaris', Tallinskaya str. 32-2-44, 123458 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Timofeev
- X-ray Analysis Methods and Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 59, 119333 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Inna Kuranova
- X-ray Analysis Methods and Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 59, 119333 Moscow, Russian Federation
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