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Yang J, Liu J, Liang J, Li F, Wang W, Chen H, Xie X. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in age-associated thymic involution: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102115. [PMID: 37922996 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is a critical immune organ with endocrine and immune functions that plays important roles in the physiological and pathological processes of the body. However, with aging, the thymus undergoes degenerative changes leading to decreased production and output of naive T cells and the secretion of thymic hormones and related cytokines, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of various age-associated diseases. Therefore, identifying essential processes that regulate age-associated thymic involution is crucial for long-term control of thymic involution and age-associated disease progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-established process involved in organ aging and functional impairment through tissue fibrosis in several organs, such as the heart and kidney. In the thymus, EMT promotes fibrosis and potentially adipogenesis, leading to thymic involution. This review focuses on the factors involved in thymic involution, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormones, from the perspective of EMT. Furthermore, current interventions for reversing age-associated thymic involution by targeting EMT-associated processes are summarized. Understanding the key mechanisms of thymic involution through EMT as an entry point may promote the development of new therapies and clinical agents to reverse thymic involution and age-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Xiang Xie
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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2
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The Yin and Yang of toll-like receptors in endothelial dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mohamed FEZ, Jalan R, Minogue S, Andreola F, Habtesion A, Hall A, Winstanley A, Damink SO, Malagó M, Davies N, Luong TV, Dhillon A, Mookerjee R, Dhar D, Al-Jehani RM. Inhibition of TLR7 and TLR9 Reduces Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Proliferation and Tumor Development. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:1806-1821. [PMID: 33939146 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key players in innate immunity and modulation of TLR signaling has been demonstrated to profoundly affect proliferation and growth in different types of cancer. However, the role of TLRs in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) pathogenesis remains largely unexplored. AIMS We set out to determine if TLRs play any role in ICCs which could potentially make them useful treatment targets. METHODS Tissue microarrays containing samples from 9 human ICCs and normal livers were examined immunohistochemically for TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 expression. Proliferation of human ICC cell line HuCCT1 was measured by MTS assay following treatment with CpG-ODN (TLR9 agonist), imiquimod (TLR7 agonist), chloroquine (TLR7 and TLR9 inhibitor) and IRS-954 (TLR7 and TLR9 antagonist). The in vivo effects of CQ and IRS-954 on tumor development were also examined in a NOD-SCID mouse xenograft model of human ICC. RESULTS TLR4 was expressed in all normal human bile duct epithelium but absent in the majority (60%) of ICCs. TLR7 and TLR9 were expressed in 80% of human ICCs. However, TLR7 was absent in all cases of normal human bile duct epithelium and only one was TLR9 positive. HuCCT1 cell proliferation in vitro significantly increased following IMQ or CpG-ODN treatment (P < 0.03 and P < 0.002, respectively) but decreased with CQ (P < 0.02). In the mouse xenograft model there was significant reduction in size of tumors from CQ and IRS-954 treated mice compared to untreated controls. CONCLUSION TLR7 and TLR9 should be further explored for their potential as actionable targets in the treatment of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma El Zahraa Mohamed
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Pathology Department, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shane Minogue
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Fausto Andreola
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Abeba Habtesion
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrew Hall
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alison Winstanley
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Steven Olde Damink
- Academic Department of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Massimo Malagó
- Academic Department of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nathan Davies
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tu Vinh Luong
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Amar Dhillon
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rajeshwar Mookerjee
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dipok Dhar
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rajai Munir Al-Jehani
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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4
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Yang T, Deng Z, Xu L, Li X, Yang T, Qian Y, Lu Y, Tian L, Yao W, Wang J. Macrophages-aPKC ɩ-CCL5 Feedback Loop Modulates the Progression and Chemoresistance in Cholangiocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:23. [PMID: 35033156 PMCID: PMC8760815 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data indicated that macrophages may mutually interact with cancer cells to promote tumor progression and chemoresistance, but the interaction in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is obscure. METHODS 10x Genomics single-cell sequencing technology was used to identified the role of macrophages in CCA. Then, we measured the expression and prognostic role of macrophage markers and aPKCɩ in 70 human CCA tissues. Moreover, we constructed monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) generated from peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) and polarized them into M1/M2 macrophages. A co-culture assay of the human CCA cell lines (TFK-1, EGI-1) and differentiated PBMCs-macrophages was established, and functional studies in vitro and in vivo was performed to explore the interaction between cancer cells and M2 macrophages. Furthermore, we established the cationic liposome-mediated co-delivery of gemcitabine and aPKCɩ-siRNA and detect the antitumor effects in CCA. RESULTS M2 macrophage showed tumor-promoting properties in CCA. High levels of aPKCɩ expression and M2 macrophage infiltration were associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in CCA patients. Moreover, CCA patients with low M2 macrophages infiltration or low aPKCɩ expression benefited from postoperative gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Further studies showed that M2 macrophages-derived TGFβ1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and gemcitabine resistance in CCA cells through aPKCɩ-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. Reciprocally, CCL5 was secreted more by CCA cells undergoing aPKCɩ-induced EMT and consequently modulated macrophage recruitment and polarization. Furthermore, the cationic liposome-mediated co-delivery of GEM and aPKCɩ-siRNA significantly inhibited macrophages infiltration and CCA progression. CONCLUSION our study demonstrates the role of Macrophages-aPKCɩ-CCL5 Feedback Loop in CCA, and proposes a novel therapeutic strategy of aPKCɩ-siRNA and GEM co-delivered by liposomes for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengdong Deng
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Tan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yawei Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Department of Oncology Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Affiliated Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430064, China.
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5
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Homophilic Interaction of CD147 Promotes IL-6-Mediated Cholangiocarcinoma Invasion via the NF-κB-Dependent Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413496. [PMID: 34948304 PMCID: PMC8706168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), an aggressive cancer of bile ducts, is a well-known chronic inflammation-related disease. The major impediment in CCA treatment is limited treatment options for advanced disease; hence, an alternative is urgently required. The role of CD147 on cytokine production has been observed in inflammation-related diseases, but not in CCA. Therefore, this study was focused on CD147-promoting proinflammatory cytokine production and functions. Proinflammatory cytokine profiles were compared between CD147 expressing CCA cells and CD147 knockout cells (CD147 KO). Three cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), were dramatically diminished in CD147 KO clones. The involvement of the CD147-related cytokines in CCA invasion was established. CD147-promoted IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF secretions were regulated by NF-κB nuclear translocation, Akt activation, and p38 phosphorylation. CD147-fostering IL-6 production was dependent on soluble CD147, CD147 homophilic interaction, and NF-κB function. The overexpression of specific genes in CCA tissues compared to normal counterparts emphasized the clinical importance of these molecules. Altogether, CD147-potentiated proinflammatory cytokine production leading to CCA cell invasion is shown for the first time in the current study. This suggests that modulation of CD147-related inflammation might be a promising choice for advanced CCA treatment.
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Mohamed FEZA, Hammad S, Luong TV, Dewidar B, Al-Jehani R, Davies N, Dooley S, Jalan R. Expression of TLR-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with tumour proliferation, angiogenesis and Caspase-3 expression. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152980. [PMID: 32703481 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Unlike other Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the role of toll like receptor 2 (TLR-2) in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well studied. We, therefore, set out to investigate the expression of TLR-2 in different chronic liver disease states along with other markers of cell death, cellular proliferation and tissue vascularisation METHODS AND RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry was performed on liver tissue microarrays comprising hepatitis, cirrhosis and HCC patient samples using antibodies against TLR-2, Ki-67, Caspase-3 and VEGF. This was done in order to characterise receptor expression and translocation, apoptosis, cell proliferation and vascularisation. Cytoplasmic TLR-2 expression was found to be weak in 5/8 normal liver cases, 10/19 hepatitis cases and 8/21 cirrhosis patients. Moderate to strong TLR-2 expression was observed in some cases of hepatitis and cirrhosis. Both, nuclear and cytoplasmic TLR-2 expression was present in HCC with weak intensity in 11/41 cases, and moderate to strong staining in 19/41 cases. Eleven HCC cases were TLR-2 negative. Surprisingly, both cytoplasmic and nuclear TLR-2 expression in HCC were found to significantly correlate with proliferative index (r = 0.24 and 0.37), Caspase-3 expression (r = 0.27 and 0.38) and vascularisation (r = 0.56 and 0.23). Further, nuclear TLR-2 localisation was predominant in HCC, whereas cytoplasmic expression was more prevalent in hepatitis and cirrhosis. Functionally, treatment of HUH7 HCC cells with a TLR-2 agonist induced the expression of cellular proliferation and vascularisation markers CD34 and VEGF. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a positive correlation between the expression of TLR-2 and other markers of proliferation and vascularisation in HCC which suggests a possible role for TLR-2 in HCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma El-Zahraa Ammar Mohamed
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Tu Vinh Luong
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Bedair Dewidar
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rajai Al-Jehani
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nathan Davies
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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7
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Wang Y, Liu S, Zhang Y, Yang J. Dysregulation of TLR2 Serves as a Prognostic Biomarker in Breast Cancer and Predicts Resistance to Endocrine Therapy in the Luminal B Subtype. Front Oncol 2020; 10:547. [PMID: 32426275 PMCID: PMC7203473 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BCa) is a serious global health burden among females, and the development of resistance represents an important challenge to BCa treatment. Here, we examined the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in BCa patients and the prognostic value of TLR2 for predicting endocrine resistance. Methods: The study included 150 BCa patients, of which 82 underwent endocrine therapy. TLR2 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative Real-Time PCR, and its prognostic value was determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Changes in the expression of TLR2 in BCa patients with endocrine resistance were assessed, and the value of TLR2 for predicting endocrine resistance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: TLR2 expression was higher in BCa tissue than in normal tissue and associated with tumor size, HER2 status, tumor subtype, and TNM stage. TLR2 upregulation was associated with poor prognosis in patients with BCa, as well as endocrine resistance, and TLR2 upregulation was more prevalent among HER2-positive BCa cases. The predictive performance of TLR2 for endocrine resistance was higher in HER2-positive BCa than in other hormone receptor-positive BCa cases. Conclusion: TLR2 upregulation is a promising biomarker for prognosis and predicting resistance to endocrine therapy. The relationship between TLR2 and HER2 indicates that TLR2 may be involved in endocrine resistance through the HER2 signaling pathway in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Toll-Like Receptors Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:81-97. [PMID: 32030686 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of inflammation in cancer progression is well-established. The immune system can play both tumor-promoting and -suppressive roles, and efforts to harness the immune system to help fight tumor growth are at the forefront of research. Of particular importance is the inflammatory profile at the site of the tumor, with respect to both the leukocyte population numbers, the phenotype of these cells, as well as the contribution of the tumor cells themselves. In this regard, the pro-inflammatory effects of pattern recognition receptor expression and activation in the tumor microenvironment have emerged as a relevant issue both for therapy and to understand tumor development.Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) were originally recognized as components of immune cells, particularly innate immune cells, as detectors of pathogens. PRR signaling in immune cells activates them, inducing robust antimicrobial responses. In particular, toll-like receptors (TLRs) constitute a family of membrane-bound PRRs which can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) carried by bacteria, virus, and fungi. In addition, PRRs can recognize products generated by stressed cells or damaged tissues, namely damage-associated molecular patterns or DAMPS. Taking into account the role of the immune system in fighting tumors together with the presence of immune cells in the microenvironment of different types of tumors, strategies to activate immune cells via PRR ligands have been envisioned as an anticancer therapeutic approach.In the last decades, it has been determined that PRRs are present and functional on nonimmune cells and that their activation in these cells contributes to the inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Both tumor-promoting and antitumor effects have been observed when tumor cell PRRs are activated. This argues against nonspecific activation of PRR ligands in the tumor microenvironment as a therapeutic approach. Therefore, the use of PRR ligands for anticancer therapy might benefit from strategies that specifically deliver these ligands to immune cells, thus avoiding tumor cells in some settings. This review focuses on these aspects of TLR signaling in the tumor microenvironment.
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Loosen SH, Breuer A, Tacke F, Kather JN, Gorgulho J, Alizai PH, Bednarsch J, Roeth AA, Lurje G, Schmitz SM, Brozat JF, Paffenholz P, Vucur M, Ritz T, Koch A, Trautwein C, Ulmer TF, Roderburg C, Longerich T, Neumann UP, Luedde T. Circulating levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor predict outcome after resection of biliary tract cancer. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100080. [PMID: 32140677 PMCID: PMC7049662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Surgical resection is the only potentially curative therapy for patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC), but 5-year survival rates after tumor resection have remained below 30%, corroborating the need for better stratification tools to identify the ideal surgical candidates. The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) represents a mediator of inflammation and has been associated with distinct types of cancer. In this study, we evaluated a potential role of suPAR as a novel biomarker in patients undergoing BTC resection. Methods Tumor expression of uPAR was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 108 BTC samples. Serum levels of suPAR were analyzed by ELISA in a training and validation cohort comprising a total of 117 patients with BTC and 76 healthy controls. Results High tumoral uPAR expression was associated with an adverse outcome after BTC resection. Accordingly, circulating levels of suPAR were significantly elevated in patients with BTC compared to healthy controls, as well as in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Using a small training set, we established an optimal prognostic suPAR cut-off value of 3.72 ng/ml for patients with BTC. Importantly, preoperative suPAR serum levels above this cut-off value were associated with significantly impaired overall survival in both the training and validation cohort. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis including various clinicopathological parameters such as tumor stage, markers of inflammation and organ dysfunction, as well as tumor markers, revealed circulating suPAR levels as an independent prognostic marker following BTC resection. Finally, high preoperative suPAR levels were indicative of acute kidney injury after tumor resection. Conclusion Circulating suPAR represents a previously unrecognized biomarker in patients with resectable BTC, which might help to preoperatively identify the ideal candidates for liver surgery. Lay summary Surgical resection represents the only curative treatment option for patients with biliary tract cancer, but not all patients benefit to the same extent in terms of overall survival. Here, we provide evidence that serum levels of an inflammatory mediator (suPAR) are indicative of a patient's postoperative outcome and might thus help to identify the ideal surgical candidates. Biliary tract cancer is associated with poor outcomes and increasing incidence. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment option for patients with biliary tract cancer. The identification of ideal surgical candidates has remained challenging. Circulating suPAR represents a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in resectable patients. SuPAR might be useful to identify patients with biliary tract cancer who will benefit most from tumor resection.
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Key Words
- AKI, acute kidney injury
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BMI, body mass index
- BTC
- BTC, biliary tract cancer
- CA19-9
- CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9
- CCA
- CEA
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status
- HR, hazard ratio
- IRS, immunoreactive score
- OR, odds ratio
- OS, overall survival
- PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- acute kidney injury
- biomarker
- cholangiocarcinoma
- suPAR
- suPAR, soluble uPAR
- uPAR, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Loosen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Annemarie Breuer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob N. Kather
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joao Gorgulho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick H. Alizai
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Bednarsch
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anjali A. Roeth
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Lurje
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sophia M. Schmitz
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonathan F. Brozat
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pia Paffenholz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straβe 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ritz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom F. Ulmer
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulf P. Neumann
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Corresponding author. Addresses: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Gowing SD, Cool-Lartigue JJ, Spicer JD, Seely AJE, Ferri LE. Toll-like receptors: exploring their potential connection with post-operative infectious complications and cancer recurrence. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:225-239. [PMID: 31975313 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-020-10018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in North America. Despite modern advances in cancer therapy, many patients will ultimately develop cancer metastasis resulting in mortality. Surgery to resect early stage solid malignancies remains the cornerstone of cancer treatment. However, surgery places patients at risk of developing post-operative infectious complications that are linked to earlier cancer metastatic recurrence and cancer mortality. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily-conserved sentinel receptors of the innate immune system that are activated by microbial products present during infection, leading to activation of innate immunity. Numerous types of solid cancer cells also express TLRs, with their activation augmenting their ability to metastasize. Similarly, healthy host-tissue TLRs activated during infection induce a prometastatic environment in the host. Cancer cells additionally secrete TLR activating ligands that activate both cancer TLRs and host TLRs to promote metastasis. Consequently, TLRs are an attractive therapeutic candidate to target infection-induced cancer metastasis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Gowing
- Deparment of Surgery, L.D. MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,Montreal General Hospital, Room L8-505, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - J J Cool-Lartigue
- Deparment of Surgery, L.D. MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal General Hospital, Room L8-505, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - J D Spicer
- Deparment of Surgery, L.D. MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal General Hospital, Room L8-505, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - A J E Seely
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ottawa General Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - L E Ferri
- Deparment of Surgery, L.D. MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal General Hospital, Room L8-505, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
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11
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Czauderna C, Castven D, Mahn FL, Marquardt JU. Context-Dependent Role of NF-κB Signaling in Primary Liver Cancer-from Tumor Development to Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081053. [PMID: 31349670 PMCID: PMC6721782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory cell death is a major risk factor for the development of diverse cancers including liver cancer. Herein, disruption of the hepatic microenvironment as well as the immune cell composition are major determinants of malignant transformation and progression in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Considerable research efforts have focused on the identification of predisposing factors that promote induction of an oncogenic field effect within the inflammatory liver microenvironment. Among the most prominent factors involved in this so-called inflammation-fibrosis-cancer axis is the NF-κB pathway. The dominant role of this pathway for malignant transformation and progression in HCC is well documented. Pathway activation is significantly linked to poor prognostic traits as well as stemness characteristics, which places modulation of NF-κB signaling in the focus of therapeutic interventions. However, it is well recognized that the mechanistic importance of the pathway for HCC is highly context and cell type dependent. While constitutive pathway activation in an inflammatory etiological background can significantly promote HCC development and progression, absence of NF-κB signaling in differentiated liver cells also significantly enhances liver cancer development. Thus, therapeutic targeting of NF-κB as well as associated family members may not only exert beneficial effects but also negatively impact viability of healthy hepatocytes and/or cholangiocytes, respectively. The review presented here aims to decipher the complexity and paradoxical functions of NF-κB signaling in primary liver and non-parenchymal cells, as well as the induced molecular alterations that drive HCC development and progression with a particular focus on (immune-) therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Czauderna
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research Group for Molecular Hepatocarcinogenesis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Darko Castven
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research Group for Molecular Hepatocarcinogenesis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Friederike L Mahn
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research Group for Molecular Hepatocarcinogenesis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research Group for Molecular Hepatocarcinogenesis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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12
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Bao W, Cao F, Ni S, Yang J, Li H, Su Z, Zhao B. lncRNA FLVCR1-AS1 regulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion by sponging miR-485-5p in human cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2240-2247. [PMID: 31404302 PMCID: PMC6676717 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) FLVCR1 antisense RNA 1 (FLVCR1-AS1) serves a crucial role in many types of cancer; however, to the best of our knowledge, the biological effect of FLVCR1-AS1 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the involvement of FLVCR1-AS1 in the regulation of human CCA cell growth, migration and invasion, as well as the mechanisms underlying its effect. The expression levels of FLVCR1-AS1 in CCA tumor tissues, adjacent normal tissues, CCA cell lines and a cholangiocyte cell line were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A significantly higher expression level of FLVCR1-AS1 was identified in CCA tumor tissues and the CCA cell lines HuCCT1 and CCLP1 compared with the normal controls. Short hairpin RNA targeting FLVCR1-AS1 (shFLVCR1-AS1) and a control plasmid (shNC) were transfected into CCA cell lines. Cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of CCA cells transfected with shFLVCR1-AS1 were significantly suppressed compared with the shNC groups. The expression levels of migration and invasion-associated proteins, including Twist, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, were also significantly suppressed by shFLVCR1-AS1-treatment. Furthermore, FLVCR1-AS1 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model. Mechanistically, FLVCR1-AS1 was demonstrated to sponge microRNA-485-5p (miR-485-5p) in human CCA. The expression of miR-458-5p was significantly decreased in CCA tissue compared with normal tissue, and Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that FLVCR1-AS1 expression was negatively correlated with miR-485-5p expression in CCA tissues. These results suggested that lncRNA FLVCR1-AS1 may be used as a novel therapeutic target and a potential diagnostic marker for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Shubin Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxi Su
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
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Liu B, Wu S, Ma J, Yan S, Xiao Z, Wan L, Zhang F, Shang M, Mao A. lncRNA GAS5 Reverses EMT and Tumor Stem Cell-Mediated Gemcitabine Resistance and Metastasis by Targeting miR-221/SOCS3 in Pancreatic Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:472-482. [PMID: 30388621 PMCID: PMC6205337 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) mediating chemotherapeutic drug effects and metastasis in pancreatic cancer (PC) are key reasons for the poor prognosis of this disease. lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is reported to be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. However, the functions of GAS5 and its related miRNAs in PC are poorly understood. This study explored the potential functions and mechanisms of GAS5 in PC gemcitabine resistance and metastasis. The results show that overexpression of GAS5 suppressed the proliferation, migration, gemcitabine resistance, stem cell-like properties, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PC cells by directly binding to and suppressing miR-221 expression and enhancing suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression. The effects of miR-221 overexpression on proliferation, migration, gemcitabine resistance, stem cell-like properties, and EMT inhibition were reversed by SOCS3 overexpression in PC cells. Additionally, GAS5 promoted gemcitabine-induced tumor growth and metastasis inhibition, as determined by Ki-67 staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), bioluminescence imaging, and the detection of cell-like properties and EMT in vivo. Thus, lncRNA GAS5 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-221, and it suppressed cell growth, metastasis, and gemcitabine resistance in PC by regulating the miR-221/SOCS3 pathway mediating EMT and tumor stem cell self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Shaoqiu Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Zhengguang Xiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Linhuang Wan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Mingyi Shang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Aiwu Mao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
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ACGH detects distinct genomic alterations of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and matched lymph node metastases and identifies a poor prognosis subclass. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10637. [PMID: 30006612 PMCID: PMC6045619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastases (LNM) are an important prognostic factor for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, but underlying genetic alterations are poorly understood. Whole genome array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was performed in 37 tumors and 14 matched LNM. Genomic analyses of tumors confirmed known and identified new (gains in 19q) copy number alterations (CNA). Tumors with LNM (N1) had more alterations and exclusive gains (3p, 4q, 5p, 13q) and losses (17p and 20p). LNM shared most alterations with their matched tumors (86%), but 79% acquired new isolated gains [12q14 (36%); 1p13, 2p23, 7p22, 7q11, 11q12, 13q13 and 14q12 (>20%)]. Unsupervised clustering revealed a poor prognosis subclass with increased alterations significantly associated to tumor differentiation and survival. TP53 and KRAS mutations occurred in 19% of tumors and 6% of metastases. Pathway analyses revealed association to cancer-associated pathways. Advanced tumor stage, microvascular/perineural invasion, and microscopic positive resection margin (R1) were significantly correlated to metastases, while N1-status, R1-resection, and poor tumor differentiation were significantly correlated to survival. ACGH identified clear differences between N0 (no LNM) and N1 tumors, while N1 tumors and matched LNM displayed high clonality with exclusive gains in the metastases. A novel subclass with increased CNAs and poor tumor differentiation was significantly correlated to survival.
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15
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Høgdall D, Lewinska M, Andersen JB. Desmoplastic Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy in Cholangiocarcinoma. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:239-255. [PMID: 29506673 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a dismal disease which often is diagnosed at a late stage where the tumor is locally advanced, metastatic, and, as a result, is associated with low resectability. The heterogeneity of this cancer type is a major reason why the majority of patients fail to respond to therapy, and surgery remains their only curative option. Among patients who undergo surgical intervention, such tumors typically recur in 50% of cases within 1year. Thus, CCA is among the most aggressive and chemoresistant malignancies. CCA is characterized by marked tumor reactive stroma, a fibrogenic connective tissue which surrounds and infiltrates the tumor epithelium. This desmoplastic environment presents a clinical challenge, limiting drug delivery and supporting the growth of the tumor mass. In this review we attempt to highlight key pathways involved in cell to cell communication between the tumor epithelium and stroma, the immune components, and opportunities for novel strategies to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Høgdall
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; These authors contributed equally
| | - Monika Lewinska
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark; These authors contributed equally
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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16
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Gao Y, Ge W. The histone methyltransferase DOT1L inhibits osteoclastogenesis and protects against osteoporosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:33. [PMID: 29348610 PMCID: PMC5833786 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are absorptive cells that play a critical role in homeostatic bone remodeling and pathological bone resorption. Emerging evidence suggests an important role of epigenetic regulation in osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of DOT1L, which regulates gene expression epigenetically by histone H3K79 methylation (H3K79me), during osteoclast formation. Using RANKL-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells as an osteoclast differentiation model, we found that DOT1L and H3K79me2 levels were upregulated during osteoclast differentiation. Small molecule inhibitor- (EPZ5676 or EPZ004777) or short hairpin RNA-mediated reduction in DOT1L expression promoted osteoclast differentiation and resorption. In addition, DOT1L inhibition increased osteoclast surface area and accelerated bone-mass reduction in a mouse ovariectomy (OVX) model of osteoporosis without alter osteoblast differentiation. DOT1L inhibition increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and autophagy activity, and cell migration in pre-osteoclasts. Moreover, it strengthened expression of osteoclast fusion and resorption-related protein CD9 and MMP9 in osteoclasts derived from RAW264.7. Our findings support a new mechanism of DOT1L-regulated, H3K79me2-mediated, epigenetic regulation of osteoclast differentiation, implicating DOT1L as a new therapeutic target for osteoclast dysregulation-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Magnolol suppresses the proliferation and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:474-480. [PMID: 28779709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnolol has shown the potential anticancer properties against a variety of cancers. However, the role of magnolol in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells is unknown. In this study, we assessed the effect of magnolol on the CCA cells. METHODS CCA cells were treated with magnolol in the absence or presence of TNFα, the activator for NF-κB. After co-incubation with magnolol, cell proliferation and growth were examined by MTT, colony formation and xenograft tumors; cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry; cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing and transwell assays; the expression of PCNA, Ki67, CyclinD1, MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9 and NF-κB pathway were evaluated by using Western blot. RESULTS Magnolol inhibited the abilities of CCA cell growth, migration and invasion accompanying with a decreased expression of PCNA, Ki67, MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9 (all P<0.05). TREATMENT with magnolol induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase with a downregulation of cell cycle protein CyclinD1 (all P<0.05). In addition, magnolol suppressed the expression of p-IκBα and p-P65 and the effect of magnolol on CCA cells could be inhibited by TNFα. CONCLUSIONS Magnolol could inhibit the growth, migration and invasion of CCA cells through regulation of NF-κB pathway, and these data indicate that magnolol is a potential candidate for treating of CCA.
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Liu S, Jiang B, Li H, He Z, Lv P, Peng C, Wang Y, Cheng W, Xu Z, Chen W, Liu Z, Zhang B, Shen S, Xiang S. Wip1 is associated with tumorigenity and metastasis through MMP-2 in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56672-56683. [PMID: 28915621 PMCID: PMC5593592 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wip1 has been shown to correlate with the metastasis/invasion of several tumors. This study was designed to investigate the clinical significance and biological function of Wip1 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The expression of Wip1 was investigated in sixty human ICC biopsy samples by immunohistochemistry. Transient and stable knockdown of Wip1 in two human ICC cells (ICC-9810 and SSP25) were established using short hairpin RNA expression vector. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Wip1 was up-regulated in human ICC tissues (47/60, 78.3%). High levels of Wip1 in human ICC correlated with metastasis to the lymph metastasis (P=0.022). Genetic depletion of Wip1 in ICC cells resulted in significantly inhibited proliferation and invasion compared with controls. Most importantly, Wip1 down-regulation impaired tumor migration capacity of ICC cells in vivo. Subsequent investigations revealed that matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is an important target of Wip1. Consistently, in human ICC tissues, Wip1 level was positively correlated with MMP-2 expression. Taken together, our founding indicates that Wip1 may be a crucial regulator in the tumorigenicity and invasion of human ICC, Wip1 exerts its pro-invasion function at least in part through the MMP-2 signaling pathway, suggesting Wip1 as a potential therapeutic target for ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zili He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengquan Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Thoracic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengkai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqian Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanglin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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