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Darwish NHE, Hussein KA, Elmasry K, Ibrahim AS, Humble J, Moustafa M, Awadalla F, Al-Shabrawey M. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 Impairs Retinal Endothelial Cell Barrier, a Potential Role in Diabetic Retinopathy. Cells 2023; 12:1279. [PMID: 37174679 PMCID: PMC10177364 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) is a secreted growth factor of the Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily. The goal of this study was to test whether BMP4 contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Immunofluorescence of BMP4 and the vascular marker isolectin-B4 was conducted on retinal sections of diabetic and non-diabetic human and experimental mice. We used Akita mice as a model for type-1 diabetes. Proteins were extracted from the retina of postmortem human eyes and 6-month diabetic Akita mice and age-matched control. BMP4 levels were measured by Western blot (WB). Human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were used as an in vitro model. HRECs were treated with BMP4 (50 ng/mL) for 48 h. The levels of phospho-smad 1/5/9 and phospho-p38 were measured by WB. BMP4-treated and control HRECs were also immunostained with anti-Zo-1. We also used electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) to calculate the transcellular electrical resistance (TER) under BMP4 treatment in the presence and absence of noggin (200 ng/mL), LDN193189 (200 nM), LDN212854 (200 nM) or inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2; SU5416, 10 μM), p38 (SB202190, 10 μM), ERK (U0126, 10 μM) and ER stress (Phenylbutyric acid or PBA, 30 μmol/L). The impact of BMP4 on matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) was also evaluated using specific ELISA kits. Immunofluorescence of human and mouse eyes showed increased BMP4 immunoreactivity, mainly localized in the retinal vessels of diabetic humans and mice compared to the control. Western blots of retinal proteins showed a significant increase in BMP4 expression in diabetic humans and mice compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). HRECs treated with BMP4 showed a marked increase in phospho-smad 1/5/9 (p = 0.039) and phospho-p38 (p = 0.013). Immunofluorescence of Zo-1 showed that BMP4-treated cells exhibited significant barrier disruption. ECIS also showed a marked decrease in TER of HRECs by BMP4 treatment compared to vehicle-treated HRECs (p < 0.001). Noggin, LDN193189, LDN212854, and inhibitors of p38 and VEGFR2 significantly mitigated the effects of BMP4 on the TER of HRECs. Our finding provides important insights regarding the role of BMP4 as a potential player in retinal endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy and could be a novel target to preserve the blood-retinal barrier during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureldien H. E. Darwish
- Eye Research Center, Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. Hussein
- Oral and Dental Research Insitute, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, National Research Center, Cairo 11553, Egypt
| | - Khaled Elmasry
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Julia Humble
- Eye Research Center, Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Mohamed Moustafa
- Eye Research Center, Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Fatma Awadalla
- Eye Research Center, Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Eye Research Center, Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
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Suzuki E, Fukuda T. Multifaceted Functions of TWSG1: From Embryogenesis to Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12755. [PMID: 36361543 PMCID: PMC9657663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play an important role in development. Twisted gastrulation BMP signaling modulator 1 (TWSG1) was initially identified as a regulator of the dorsoventral axis formation in Drosophila. The mechanism of BMP signaling modulation by TWSG1 is complex. TWSG1 inhibits BMP signaling by binding to BMP ligands including BMP4, whereas it enhances signaling by interacting with Chordin, a BMP antagonist. Therefore, TWSG1 can act as both a BMP agonist and antagonist. TWSG1 has various functions ranging from embryogenesis to cancer progression. TWSG1 knockout mice showed neural, craniofacial, and mammary defects. TWSG1 also regulated erythropoiesis and thymocyte development. Furthermore, the relationship between TWSG1 and cancer has been elucidated. Allelic loss of TWSG1 was detected in colorectal cancer. TWSG1 expression was upregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma and glioblastoma but downregulated in gastric and endometrial cancers. TWSG1 suppressed BMP7-enhanced sphere formation and migration in endometrial cancer cells, indicating its tumor-suppressive role. Further studies are required to clarify the TWSG1 function and its association with BMP signaling in cancer development. Finally, TWSG1 is abundantly expressed in human and mouse ovaries and sustains follicular growth in rodent ovaries. Thus, TWSG1 has various functions ranging from fertility to cancer. Therefore, TWSG1 signaling modulation may be beneficial in treating specific diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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El Fersioui Y, Pinton G, Allaman-Pillet N, Schorderet DF. Premature Vertebral Mineralization in hmx1-Mutant Zebrafish. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071088. [PMID: 35406651 PMCID: PMC8997757 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
H6 family homeobox 1 (HMX1) regulates multiple aspects of craniofacial development, and mutations in HMX1 are linked to an ocular defect termed oculoauricular syndrome of Schorderet–Munier–Franceschetti (OAS) (MIM #612109). Recently, additional altered orofacial features have been reported, including short mandibular rami, asymmetry of the jaws, and altered premaxilla. We found that in two mutant zebrafish lines termed hmx1mut10 and hmx1mut150, precocious mineralization of the proximal vertebrae occurred. Zebrafish hmx1mut10 and hmx1mut150 report mutations in the SD1 and HD domains, which are essential for dimerization and activity of hmx1. In hmx1mut10, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists chordin and noggin1 were downregulated, while bmp2b and bmp4 were highly expressed and specifically localized to the dorsal region prior to the initiation of the osteogenic process. The osteogenic promoters runx2b and spp1 were also upregulated. Supplementation with DMH1—an inhibitor of the BMP signaling pathway—at the specific stage in which bmp2b and bmp4 are highly expressed resulted in reduced vertebral mineralization, resembling the wildtype mineralization progress of the axial skeleton. These results point to a possible role of hmx1 as part of a complex gene network that inhibits bmp2b and bmp4 in the dorsal region, thus regulating early axial skeleton development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes El Fersioui
- IRO—Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, 1950 Sion, Switzerland; (G.P.); (N.A.-P.); (D.F.S.)
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Unit of Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Biology, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Gaëtan Pinton
- IRO—Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, 1950 Sion, Switzerland; (G.P.); (N.A.-P.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Nathalie Allaman-Pillet
- IRO—Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, 1950 Sion, Switzerland; (G.P.); (N.A.-P.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Daniel F. Schorderet
- IRO—Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, 1950 Sion, Switzerland; (G.P.); (N.A.-P.); (D.F.S.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zhang G, Lübke L, Chen F, Beil T, Takamiya M, Diotel N, Strähle U, Rastegar S. Neuron-Radial Glial Cell Communication via BMP/Id1 Signaling Is Key to Long-Term Maintenance of the Regenerative Capacity of the Adult Zebrafish Telencephalon. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102794. [PMID: 34685774 PMCID: PMC8534405 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system of adult zebrafish displays an extraordinary neurogenic and regenerative capacity. In the zebrafish adult brain, this regenerative capacity relies on neural stem cells (NSCs) and the careful management of the NSC pool. However, the mechanisms controlling NSC pool maintenance are not yet fully understood. Recently, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) and their downstream effector Id1 (Inhibitor of differentiation 1) were suggested to act as key players in NSC maintenance under constitutive and regenerative conditions. Here, we further investigated the role of BMP/Id1 signaling in these processes, using different genetic and pharmacological approaches. Our data show that BMPs are mainly expressed by neurons in the adult telencephalon, while id1 is expressed in NSCs, suggesting a neuron-NSC communication via the BMP/Id1 signaling axis. Furthermore, manipulation of BMP signaling by conditionally inducing or repressing BMP signaling via heat-shock, lead to an increase or a decrease of id1 expression in the NSCs, respectively. Induction of id1 was followed by an increase in the number of quiescent NSCs, while knocking down id1 expression caused an increase in NSC proliferation. In agreement, genetic ablation of id1 function lead to increased proliferation of NSCs, followed by depletion of the stem cell pool with concomitant failure to heal injuries in repeatedly injured mutant telencephala. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of BMP and Notch signaling suggests that the two signaling systems cooperate and converge onto the transcriptional regulator her4.1. Interestingly, brain injury lead to a depletion of NSCs in animals lacking BMP/Id1 signaling despite an intact Notch pathway. Taken together, our data demonstrate how neurons feedback on NSC proliferation and that BMP1/Id1 signaling acts as a safeguard of the NSC pool under regenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqun Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (T.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Luisa Lübke
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (T.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Fushun Chen
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (T.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Tanja Beil
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (T.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (T.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France;
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (T.B.); (M.T.)
- Centre of Organismal Studies, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (T.B.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (S.R.)
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The BMP Pathway in Blood Vessel and Lymphatic Vessel Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126364. [PMID: 34198654 PMCID: PMC8232321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were originally identified as the active components in bone extracts that can induce ectopic bone formation. In recent decades, their key role has broadly expanded beyond bone physiology and pathology. Nowadays, the BMP pathway is considered an important player in vascular signaling. Indeed, mutations in genes encoding different components of the BMP pathway cause various severe vascular diseases. Their signaling contributes to the morphological, functional and molecular heterogeneity among endothelial cells in different vessel types such as arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels and capillaries within different organs. The BMP pathway is a remarkably fine-tuned pathway. As a result, its signaling output in the vessel wall critically depends on the cellular context, which includes flow hemodynamics, interplay with other vascular signaling cascades and the interaction of endothelial cells with peri-endothelial cells and the surrounding matrix. In this review, the emerging role of BMP signaling in lymphatic vessel biology will be highlighted within the framework of BMP signaling in the circulatory vasculature.
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Marziano C, Genet G, Hirschi KK. Vascular endothelial cell specification in health and disease. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:213-236. [PMID: 33844116 PMCID: PMC8205897 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There are two vascular networks in mammals that coordinately function as the main supply and drainage systems of the body. The blood vasculature carries oxygen, nutrients, circulating cells, and soluble factors to and from every tissue. The lymphatic vasculature maintains interstitial fluid homeostasis, transports hematopoietic cells for immune surveillance, and absorbs fat from the gastrointestinal tract. These vascular systems consist of highly organized networks of specialized vessels including arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatic vessels that exhibit different structures and cellular composition enabling distinct functions. All vessels are composed of an inner layer of endothelial cells that are in direct contact with the circulating fluid; therefore, they are the first responders to circulating factors. However, endothelial cells are not homogenous; rather, they are a heterogenous population of specialized cells perfectly designed for the physiological demands of the vessel they constitute. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the specification of arterial, venous, capillary, and lymphatic endothelial cell identities during vascular development. We also discuss how the dysregulation of these processes can lead to vascular malformations, and therapeutic approaches that have been developed for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Marziano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Gael Genet
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Nakajima H, Chiba A, Fukumoto M, Morooka N, Mochizuki N. Zebrafish Vascular Development: General and Tissue-Specific Regulation. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10:145-159. [PMID: 34095009 PMCID: PMC8159758 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulation is required for the delivery of oxygen and nutrition to tissues and organs, as well as waste collection. Therefore, the heart and vessels develop first during embryogenesis. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood cells, which originate from the mesoderm. The gene expression pattern required for blood vessel development is predetermined by the hierarchical and sequential regulation of genes for the differentiation of mesodermal cells. Herein, we review how blood vessels form distinctly in different tissues or organs of zebrafish and how vessel formation is universally or tissue-specifically regulated by signal transduction pathways and blood flow. In addition, the unsolved issues of mutual contacts and interplay of circulatory organs during embryogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Ayano Chiba
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Moe Fukumoto
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Nanami Morooka
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
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Xie T, Xia Z, Wang W, Zhou X, Xu C. BMPER Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting Tubular Dedifferentiation and Fibroblast Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:608396. [PMID: 33644047 PMCID: PMC7905093 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.608396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is both a pathological manifestation of chronic kidney disease and a driving force for the progression of kidney disease. A previous study has shown that bone morphogenetic protein-binding endothelial cell precursor-derived regulator (BMPER) is involved in lung fibrogenesis. However, the role of BMPER in renal fibrosis remains unknown. In the present study, the expression of BMPER was examined by real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. The in vitro effects of BMPER on tubular dedifferentiation and fibroblast activation were analyzed in cultured HK-2 and NRK-49F cells. The in vivo effects of BMPER were dissected in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice by delivery of BMPER gene via systemic administration of plasmid vector. We reported that the expression of BMPER decreased in the kidneys of UUO mice and HK-2 cells. TGF-β1 increased inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id-1) and induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells, and knockdown of BMPER aggravated Id-1 up-regulation, E-cadherin loss, and tubular dedifferentiation. On the contrary, exogenous BMPER inhibited Id-1 up-regulation, prevented E-cadherin loss and tubular dedifferentiation after TGF-β1 exposure. In addition, exogenous BMPER suppressed fibroblast activation by hindering Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Knockdown of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 abolished the inhibitory effect of BMPER on Erk1/2 phosphorylation and fibroblast activation. Moreover, delivery of BMPER gene improved renal tubular damage and interstitial fibrosis in UUO mice. Therefore, BMPER inhibits TGF-β1-induced tubular dedifferentiation and fibroblast activation and may hold therapeutic potential for tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- Department of Woman's Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zunen Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changgeng Xu
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Twisted gastrulation signaling modulator 1 promotes the ability of glioma cell through activating Akt pathway. Neuroreport 2021; 32:198-205. [PMID: 33534374 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most common primary nervous system tumors and has a high mortality rate. It is necessary to explore a novel biological target and treatment approach. Twisted gastrulation signaling modulator 1 (TWSG1) is expressed in many tumors and closely related to tumor growth and proliferation. However, there is almost no report about the mechanism of TWSG1 in glioma. We used a glioma chip to detect the expression level of TWSG1 by Immunohistochemistry. The overexpression and silence experiments of TWSG1 were performed to assay the biological function of TWSG1 in LN229 and U251 cells. Subcutaneous xenograft mouse model presented the effect of TWSG1 expression on the malignant behavior of tumor cells. Experimental results displayed that the expression level for TWSG1 was substantially elevated in gliomas compared to that in normal brain tissue. The expression knockdown of TWSG1 caused inhibition of glioma cell proliferation. Besides, TWSG1 overexpression enhanced proliferation in glioma cells, and the capacity of proliferation was partly abolished by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. We found that TWSG1 affected the activity of Akt signaling pathway. In conclusion, TWSG1 is overexpressed in glioma tissue and promotes tumor proliferation through Akt signaling pathway, may serve as a potential target for glioma diagnosis and therapy.
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Overexpression of BMPER in Ovarian Cancer and the Mechanism by which It Promotes Malignant Biological Behavior in Tumor Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3607436. [PMID: 32309430 PMCID: PMC7136775 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3607436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background BMPER has been reported to be associated with the biological behavior of a few malignant tumors, but the mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to detect BMPER expression in ovarian epithelial tumor tissues and its effects on their biological behaviors, as well as to elucidate the possible mechanism. Methods BMPER expression in ovarian epithelial tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. BMPER expression in ovarian cancer cell lines was inhibited via RNA interference. Changes in the malignant behaviors of ovarian cancer cells were detected by MTT, wound healing, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays. Changes in proteins in the MAPK and autophagy-related signaling pathways were detected by Western blot analysis. Results The expression of BMPER was significantly upregulated in ovarian epithelial malignant tumors and was related to increased lymph node metastasis and lower survival rate. High BMPER expression is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients. Inhibition of BMPER inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of ovarian cancer cells and promoted apoptosis. In addition, BMPER downregulation decreased the expression of PCNA, Bcl-2, MMP2, and MMP9 and increased the expression of Bax. Moreover, the levels of p-ERK, p-MEK, and the autophagy-related protein p-mTOR were decreased, and Beclin 1 levels and the LC3II/I ratio were increased. Conclusions Our findings indicated that BMPER is closely related to poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. BMPER plays a role in promoting the malignant biological behavior of tumor cells through the MAPK and autophagy-related signaling pathways.
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Abstract
The systemic circulation depends upon a highly organized, hierarchal blood vascular network that requires the successful specification of arterial and venous endothelial cells during development. This process is driven by a cascade of signaling events (including Hedgehog, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Notch, connexin (Cx), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- β), and COUP transcription factor 2 (COUP-TFII)) to influence endothelial cell cycle status and expression of arterial or venous genes and is further regulated by hemodynamic flow. Failure of endothelial cells to properly undergo arteriovenous specification may contribute to vascular malformation and dysfunction, such as in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) where abnormal vessel structures, such as large shunts lacking clear arteriovenous identity and function, form and compromise peripheral blood flow. This review provides an overview of recent findings in the field of arteriovenous specification and highlights key regulators of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Karen Hirschi
- 2Departments of Medicine, Genetics, and Biomedical Engineering, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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Osmanagic-Myers S, Rezniczek GA. Arteriovenous specification: BMPER and TWSG1 determine endothelial cell fate via activation of synergistic BMP and Notch signaling. FEBS J 2018; 285:1399-1402. [PMID: 29654706 PMCID: PMC5947552 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Two extracellular BMP modulators, BMPER and TWSG1, act in a pro‐BMP fashion to activate endothelial‐specific members of the TGF‐β/BMP receptor family. Through cross‐talk with the Notch signaling pathways, they are key regulators of downstream Notch targets, including ephrin B2. This adds to our understanding of BMP and Notch signaling, how these pathways converge, and thereby control arteriovenous specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Osmanagic-Myers
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther A Rezniczek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Herne, Germany
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