1
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Eberle SA, Gustavsson M. Bilayer lipids modulate ligand binding to atypical chemokine receptor 3. Structure 2024; 32:1174-1183.e5. [PMID: 38776922 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors belong to the large class of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are involved in a number of (patho)physiological processes. Previous studies highlighted the importance of membrane lipids for modulating GPCR structure and function. However, the underlying mechanisms of how lipids regulate GPCRs are often poorly understood. Here, we report that anionic lipid bilayers increase the binding affinity of the chemokine CXCL12 for the atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) by modulating the CXCL12 binding kinetics. Notably, the anionic bilayer favors CXCL12 over the more positively charged chemokine CXCL11, which we explained by bilayer interactions orienting CXCL12 but not CXCL11 for productive ACKR3 binding. Furthermore, our data suggest a stabilization of active ACKR3 conformations in anionic bilayers. Taken together, the described regulation of chemokine selectivity of ACKR3 by the lipid bilayer proposes an extended version of the classical model of chemokine binding including the lipid environment of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Alexandra Eberle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Gustavsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Mazalo JK, Tay SS, Kempe D, Biro M. Chemokine receptor distribution on the surface of repolarizing T cells. Biophys J 2024; 123:2328-2342. [PMID: 38327056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells migrate constitutively with a polarized morphology, underpinned by signaling compartmentalization and discrete cytoskeletal organizations, giving rise to a dynamic and expansive leading edge, distinct from the stable and constricted uropod at the rear. In vivo, the motion and function of T cells at various stages of differentiation is highly directed by chemokine gradients. When cognate ligands bind chemokine receptors on their surface, T cells respond by reorientating their polarity axis and migrating toward the source of the chemokine signal. Despite the significance of such chemotactic repolarization to the accurate navigation and function of T cells, the precise signaling mechanisms that underlie it remain elusive. Notably, it remained unclear whether the distribution of chemokine receptors on the T cell surface is altered during repolarization. Here, we developed parallel cell-secreted and microfluidics-based chemokine gradient delivery methods and employed both fixed imaging and live lattice light-sheet microscopy to investigate the dynamics of chemokine receptor CCR5 on the surface of primary murine CD8+ T cells. Our findings show that, during constitutive migration, chemokine receptor distribution is largely isotropic on the T cell surface. However, upon exposure to a CCL3 gradient, surface chemokine receptor distributions exhibit a transient bias toward the uropod. The chemokine receptors then progressively redistribute from the uropod to cover the T cell surface uniformly. This study sheds new light on the dynamics of surface chemokine receptor distribution during T cell repolarization, advancing our understanding of the signaling of immune cells in the complex chemokine landscapes they navigate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Mazalo
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Szun S Tay
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daryan Kempe
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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3
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van Aalst EJ, Yekefallah M, A M van Beekveld R, Breukink E, Weingarth M, Wylie BJ. Coordination of bilayer properties by an inward-rectifier K + channel is a cooperative process driven by protein-lipid interaction. J Struct Biol X 2024; 9:100101. [PMID: 38883399 PMCID: PMC11176924 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2024.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical properties of biological membranes directly or indirectly govern biological processes. Yet, the interplay between membrane and integral membrane proteins is difficult to assess due to reciprocal effects between membrane proteins, individual lipids, and membrane architecture. Using solid-state NMR (SSNMR) we previously showed that KirBac1.1, a bacterial Inward-Rectifier K+ channel, nucleates bilayer ordering and microdomain formation through tethering anionic lipids. Conversely, these lipids cooperatively bind cationic residues to activate the channel and initiate K+ flux. The mechanistic details governing the relationship between cooperative lipid loading and bilayer ordering are, however, unknown. To investigate, we generated KirBac1.1 samples with different concentrations of 13C-lableded phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) lipids and acquired a full suite of SSNMR 1D temperature series experiments using the ordered all-trans (AT) and disordered trans-gauche (TG) acyl conformations as markers of bilayer dynamics. We observed increased AT ordered signal, decreased TG disordered signal, and increased bilayer melting temperature with increased PG concentration. Further, we identified cooperativity between ordering and direct binding of PG lipids, indicating KirBac1.1-driven bilayer ordering and microdomain formation is a classically cooperative Hill-type process driven by and predicated upon direct binding of PG lipids. Our results provide unique mechanistic insight into how proteins and lipids in tandem contribute to supramolecular bilayer heterogeneity in the lipid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J van Aalst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Maryam Yekefallah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Roy A M van Beekveld
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Weingarth
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin J Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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4
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Faivre N, Verollet C, Dumas F. The chemokine receptor CCR5: multi-faceted hook for HIV-1. Retrovirology 2024; 21:2. [PMID: 38263120 PMCID: PMC10807162 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-024-00634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are cytokines whose primary role is cellular activation and stimulation of leukocyte migration. They perform their various functions by interacting with G protein-coupled cell surface receptors (GPCRs) and are involved in the regulation of many biological processes such as apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis or organogenesis. They contribute to the maintenance of the homeostasis of lymphocytes and coordinate the function of the immune system. However, chemokines and their receptors are sometimes hijacked by some pathogens to infect the host organism. For a given chemokine receptor, there is a wide structural, organizational and conformational diversity. In this review, we describe the evidence for structural variety reported for the chemokine receptor CCR5, how this variability can be exploited by HIV-1 to infect its target cells and what therapeutic solutions are currently being developed to overcome this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Faivre
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Toulouse, France
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christel Verollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Toulouse, France
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabrice Dumas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
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5
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Ray AP, Thakur N, Pour NG, Eddy MT. Dual mechanisms of cholesterol-GPCR interactions that depend on membrane phospholipid composition. Structure 2023; 31:836-847.e6. [PMID: 37236187 PMCID: PMC10330489 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a critical component of mammalian cell membranes and an allosteric modulator of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), but divergent views exist on the mechanisms by which cholesterol influences receptor functions. Leveraging the benefits of lipid nanodiscs, i.e., quantitative control of lipid composition, we observe distinct impacts of cholesterol in the presence and absence of anionic phospholipids on the function-related conformational dynamics of the human A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR). Direct receptor-cholesterol interactions drive activation of agonist-bound A2AAR in membranes containing zwitterionic phospholipids. Intriguingly, the presence of anionic lipids attenuates cholesterol's impact through direct interactions with the receptor, highlighting a more complex role for cholesterol that depends on membrane phospholipid composition. Targeted amino acid replacements at two frequently predicted cholesterol interaction sites showed distinct impacts of cholesterol at different receptor locations, demonstrating the ability to delineate different roles of cholesterol in modulating receptor signaling and maintaining receptor structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka Prabha Ray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Naveen Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Niloofar Gopal Pour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matthew T Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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6
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van Aalst EJ, McDonald CJ, Wylie BJ. Cholesterol Biases the Conformational Landscape of the Chemokine Receptor CCR3: A MAS SSNMR-Filtered Molecular Dynamics Study. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:3068-3085. [PMID: 37127541 PMCID: PMC10208230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol directs the pathway of ligand-induced G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signal transduction. The GPCR C-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) is the principal chemotactic receptor for eosinophils, with roles in cancer metastasis and autoinflammatory conditions. Recently, we discovered a direct correlation between bilayer cholesterol and increased agonist-triggered CCR3 signal transduction. However, the allosteric molecular mechanism escalating ligand affinity and G protein coupling is unknown. To study cholesterol-guided CCR3 conformational selection, we implement comparative, objective measurement of protein architectures by scoring shifts (COMPASS) to grade model structures from molecular dynamics simulations. In this workflow, we scored predicted chemical shifts against 2-dimensional solid-state NMR 13C-13C correlation spectra of U-15N,13C-CCR3 samples prepared with and without cholesterol. Our analysis of trajectory model structures uncovers that cholesterol induces site-specific conformational restraint of extracellular loop (ECL) 2 and conserved motion in transmembrane helices and ECL3 not observed in simulations of bilayers with only phosphatidylcholine lipids. PyLipID analysis implicates direct cholesterol agency in CCR3 conformational selection and dynamics. Residue-residue contact scoring shows that cholesterol biases the conformational selection of the orthosteric pocket involving Y411.39, Y1133.32, and E2877.39. Lastly, we observe contact remodeling in activation pathway residues centered on the initial transmission switch, Na+ pocket, and R3.50 in the DRY motif. Our observations have unique implications for understanding of CCR3 ligand recognition and specificity and provide mechanistic insight into how cholesterol functions as an allosteric regulator of CCR3 signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J. van Aalst
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79415, United States
| | - Corey J. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79415, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79415, United States
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7
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Tzortzini E, Corey RA, Kolocouris A. Comparative Study of Receptor-, Receptor State-, and Membrane-Dependent Cholesterol Binding Sites in A 2A and A 1 Adenosine Receptors Using Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:928-949. [PMID: 36637988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We used coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG MD) simulations to study protein-cholesterol interactions for different activation states of the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) and the A1 adenosine receptor (A1R) and predict new cholesterol binding sites indicating amino acid residues with a high residence time in three biologically relevant membranes. Compared to 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC)-cholesterol and POPC-phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate (PIP2)-cholesterol, the plasma mimetic membrane best described the cholesterol binding sites previously detected for the inactive state of A2AR and revealed the binding sites with long-lasting amino acid residues. We observed that using the plasma mimetic membrane and plotting residues with cholesterol residence time ≥2 μs, our CG MD simulations captured most obviously the cholesterol-protein interactions. For the inactive A2AR, we identified one more binding site in which cholesterol is bound to residues with a long residence time compared to the previously detected, for the active A1R, three binding sites, and for the inactive A1R, two binding sites. We calculated that for the active states, cholesterol binds to residues with a much longer residence time compared to the inactive state for both A2AR and A1R. The stability of the identified binding sites to A1R or A2AR with CG MD simulations was additionally investigated with potential of mean force calculations using umbrella sampling. We observed that the binding sites with residues to which cholesterol has a long residence time in A2AR have shallow binding free energy minima compared to the related binding sites in A1R, suggesting a stronger binding for cholesterol to A1R. The differences in binding sites in which cholesterol is stabilized and interacts with residues with a long residence time between active and inactive states of A1R and A2AR can be important for differences in functional activity and orthosteric agonist or antagonist affinity and can be used for the design of allosteric modulators, which can bind through lipid pathways. We observed a stronger binding for cholesterol to A1R (i.e., generally higher association rates) compared to A2AR, which remains to be demonstrated. For the active states, cholesterol binds to residues with much longer residence times compared to the inactive state for both A2AR and A1R. Taken together, binding sites of active A1R may be considered as promising allosteric targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efpraxia Tzortzini
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771Athens, Greece
| | - Robin A Corey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Kolocouris
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771Athens, Greece
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8
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Li Q, Yin G, Wang J, Li L, Liang Q, Zhao X, Chen Y, Zheng X, Zhao X. An emerging paradigm to develop analytical methods based on immobilized transmembrane proteins and its applications in drug discovery. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Köck Z, Ermel U, Martin J, Morgner N, Achilleas Frangakis S, Dötsch V, Hilger D, Bernhard F. Biochemical characterization of cell-free synthesized human β 1 adrenergic receptor cotranslationally inserted into nanodiscs. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167687. [PMID: 35717996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free expression enables direct cotranslational insertion of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and other membrane proteins into the defined membrane environments of nanodiscs. This technique avoids GPCR contacts with detergents and allows rapid identification of lipid effects on GPCR function as well as fast screening of receptor derivatives. Critical steps of conventional GPCR preparation from cellular membranes followed by detergent-based reconstitution into nanodisc membranes are thus eliminated. We report the efficient cotranslational insertion of full-length human β1-adrenergic receptor and of a truncated derivative into preformed nanodisc membranes. Their biochemical characterization revealed significant differences in lipid requirements, dimer formation and ligand binding activity. The truncated receptor showed a higher affinity to most tested ligands, in particular in presence of choline-containing lipids. However, introducing the naturally occurring G389R polymorphism in the full-length receptor resulted into an increased affinity to the antagonists alprenolol and carvedilol. Receptor quality was generally improved by coexpression with the agonist isoproterenol and the percentage of the ligand binding active fraction was twofold increased. Specific coupling of full-length and truncated human receptors in nanodisc membranes to Mini-Gαs protein as well as to purified Gs heterotrimer could be demonstrated and homogeneity of purified GPCR/Gs protein complexes in nanodiscs was demonstrated by negative stain single particle analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Köck
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Utz Ermel
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Janosch Martin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Nina Morgner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - S Achilleas Frangakis
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Daniel Hilger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg
| | - Frank Bernhard
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main.
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10
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van Aalst EJ, Borcik CG, Wylie BJ. Spectroscopic signatures of bilayer ordering in native biological membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183891. [PMID: 35217001 PMCID: PMC10793244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins and polycyclic lipids like cholesterol and hopanoids coordinate phospholipid bilayer ordering. This phenomenon manifests as partitioning of the liquid crystalline phase into liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) regions. In Eukaryotes, microdomains are rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids and serve as signal transduction scaffolds. In Prokaryotes, Lo microdomains increase pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance. Previously, we identified spectroscopically distinct chemical shift signatures for all-trans (AT) and trans-gauche (TG) acyl chain conformations, cyclopropyl ring lipids (CPR), and hopanoids in prokaryotic lipid extracts and used Polarization Transfer (PT) SSNMR to investigate bilayer ordering. To investigate how these findings relate to native bilayer organization, we interrogate whole cell and whole membrane extract samples of Burkholderia thailendensis to investigate bilayer ordering in situ. In 13C-13C 2D SSNMR spectra, we assigned chemical shifts for lipid species in both samples, showing conservation of lipids of interest in our native membrane sample. A one-dimensional temperature series of PT SSNMR and transverse relaxation measurements of AT versus TG acyl conformations in the membrane sample confirm bilayer ordering and a broadened phase transition centered at a lower-than-expected temperature. Bulk protein backbone Cα dynamics and correlations consistent with lipid-protein contacts within are further indicative of microdomain formation and lipid ordering. In aggregate, these findings provide evidence for microdomain formation in vivo and provide insight into phase separation and transition mechanics in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J van Aalst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA
| | - Collin G Borcik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA
| | - Benjamin J Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA.
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11
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Rascol E, Villette S, Harté E, Alves ID. Plasmon Waveguide Resonance: Principles, Applications and Historical Perspectives on Instrument Development. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216442. [PMID: 34770851 PMCID: PMC8588475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmon waveguide resonance (PWR) is a variant of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) that was invented about two decades ago at the University of Arizona. In addition to the characterization of the kinetics and affinity of molecular interactions, PWR possesses several advantages relative to SPR, namely, the ability to monitor both mass and structural changes. PWR allows anisotropy information to be obtained and is ideal for the investigation of molecular interactions occurring in anisotropic-oriented thin films. In this review, we will revisit main PWR applications, aiming at characterizing molecular interactions occurring (1) at lipid membranes deposited in the sensor and (2) in chemically modified sensors. Among the most widely used applications is the investigation of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) ligand activation and the study of the lipid environment’s impact on this process. Pioneering PWR studies on GPCRs were carried out thanks to the strong and effective collaboration between two laboratories in the University of Arizona leaded by Dr. Gordon Tollin and Dr. Victor J. Hruby. This review provides an overview of the main applications of PWR and provides a historical perspective on the development of instruments since the first prototype and continuous technological improvements to ongoing and future developments, aiming at broadening the information obtained and expanding the application portfolio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Rascol
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France; (E.R.); (S.V.)
| | - Sandrine Villette
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France; (E.R.); (S.V.)
| | - Etienne Harté
- Université de Bordeaux and CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France;
| | - Isabel D. Alves
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France; (E.R.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5400-06-8949
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12
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van Aalst E, Wylie BJ. Cholesterol Is a Dose-Dependent Positive Allosteric Modulator of CCR3 Ligand Affinity and G Protein Coupling. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:724603. [PMID: 34490352 PMCID: PMC8417553 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.724603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol as an allosteric modulator of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function is well documented. This quintessential mammalian lipid facilitates receptor–ligand interactions and multimerization states. Functionally, this introduces a complicated mechanism for the homeostatic modulation of GPCR signaling. Chemokine receptors are Class A GPCRs responsible for immune cell trafficking through the binding of endogenous peptide ligands. CCR3 is a CC motif chemokine receptor expressed by eosinophils and basophils. It traffics these cells by transducing the signal stimulated by the CC motif chemokine primary messengers 11, 24, and 26. These behaviors are close to the human immunoresponse. Thus, CCR3 is implicated in cancer metastasis and inflammatory conditions. However, there is a paucity of experimental evidence linking the functional states of CCR3 to the molecular mechanisms of cholesterol–receptor cooperativity. In this vein, we present a means to combine codon harmonization and a maltose-binding protein fusion tag to produce CCR3 from E. coli. This technique yields ∼2.6 mg of functional GPCR per liter of minimal media. We leveraged this protein production capability to investigate the effects of cholesterol on CCR3 function in vitro. We found that affinity for the endogenous ligand CCL11 increases in a dose-dependent manner with cholesterol concentration in both styrene:maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs) and proteoliposomes. This heightened receptor activation directly translates to increased signal transduction as measured by the GTPase activity of the bound G-protein α inhibitory subunit 3 (Gαi3). This work represents a critical step forward in understanding the role of cholesterol-GPCR allostery in regulation of signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan van Aalst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Benjamin J Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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13
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van Aalst E, Koneri J, Wylie BJ. In Silico Identification of Cholesterol Binding Motifs in the Chemokine Receptor CCR3. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:570. [PMID: 34436333 PMCID: PMC8401243 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
CC motif chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) is a Class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mainly responsible for the cellular trafficking of eosinophils. As such, it plays key roles in inflammatory conditions, such as asthma and arthritis, and the metastasis of many deadly forms of cancer. However, little is known about how CCR3 functionally interacts with its bilayer environment. Here, we investigate cholesterol binding sites in silico through Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Pylipid analysis using an extensively validated homology model based on the crystal structure of CCR5. These simulations identified several cholesterol binding sites containing Cholesterol Recognition/Interaction Amino Acid Consensus motif (CRAC) and its inversion CARC motifs in CCR3. One such site, a CARC site in TM1, in conjunction with aliphatic residues in TM7, emerged as a candidate for future investigation based on the cholesterol residency time within the binding pocket. This site forms the core of a cholesterol binding site previously observed in computational studies of CCR2 and CCR5. Most importantly, these cholesterol binding sites are conserved in other chemokine receptors and may provide clues to cholesterol regulation mechanisms in this subfamily of Class A GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin J. Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79423, USA; (E.v.A.); (J.K.)
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Jakubík J, El-Fakahany EE. Allosteric Modulation of GPCRs of Class A by Cholesterol. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1953. [PMID: 33669406 PMCID: PMC7920425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that convey extracellular signals to the cellular milieu. They represent a target for more than 30% of currently marketed drugs. Here we review the effects of membrane cholesterol on the function of GPCRs of Class A. We review both the specific effects of cholesterol mediated via its direct high-affinity binding to the receptor and non-specific effects mediated by cholesterol-induced changes in the properties of the membrane. Cholesterol binds to many GPCRs at both canonical and non-canonical binding sites. It allosterically affects ligand binding to and activation of GPCRs. Additionally, it changes the oligomerization state of GPCRs. In this review, we consider a perspective of the potential for the development of new therapies that are targeted at manipulating the level of membrane cholesterol or modulating cholesterol binding sites on to GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jakubík
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Esam E. El-Fakahany
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Scurci I, Akondi KB, Pinheiro I, Paolini-Bertrand M, Borgeat A, Cerini F, Hartley O. CCR5 tyrosine sulfation heterogeneity generates cell surface receptor subpopulations with different ligand binding properties. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129753. [PMID: 32991968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine receptor tyrosine sulfation plays a key role in the binding of chemokines. It has been suggested that receptor sulfation is heterogeneous, but no experimental evidence has been provided so far. The potent anti-HIV chemokine analog 5P12-RANTES has been proposed to owe its inhibitory activity to a capacity to bind a larger pool of cell surface CCR5 receptors than native chemokines such as CCL5, but the molecular details underlying this phenomenon have not been elucidated. METHODS We investigated the CCR5 sulfation heterogeneity and the sensitivity of CCR5 ligands to receptor sulfation by performing ELISA assays on synthetic N-terminal sulfopeptides and by performing binding assays on CCR5-expressing cells under conditions that modulate CCR5 sulfation levels. RESULTS Two commonly used anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibodies with epitopes in the sulfated N-terminal domain of CCR5 show contrasting binding profiles on CCR5 sulfopeptides, incomplete competition with each other for cell surface CCR5, and opposing sensitivities to cellular treatments that affect CCR5 sulfation levels. 5P12-RANTES is less sensitive than native CCL5 to conditions that affect cellular CCR5 sulfation. CONCLUSIONS CCR5 sulfation is heterogeneous and this affects the binding properties of both native chemokines and antibodies. Enhanced capacity to bind to CCR5 is a component of the inhibitory mechanism of 5P12-RANTES. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We provide the first experimental evidence for sulfation heterogeneity of chemokine receptors and its impact on ligand binding, a phenomenon that is important both for the understanding of chemokine cell biology and for the development of drugs that target chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Scurci
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K B Akondi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I Pinheiro
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Paolini-Bertrand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Borgeat
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Cerini
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Hartley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Orion Biotechnology, Avenue de Sécheron 15, 1202 Genève, Switzerland.
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