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Lin S, Wang H, Dai J, Ge Q. Spring wood phenology responds more strongly to chilling temperatures than bud phenology in European conifers. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad146. [PMID: 38079514 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A comparative assessment of bud and wood phenology could aid a better understanding of tree growth dynamics. However, the reason for asynchronism or synchronism in leaf and cambial phenology remains unclear. To test the assumption that the temporal relationship between the budburst date and the onset date of wood formation is due to their common or different responses to environmental factors, we constructed a wood phenology dataset from previous literature, and compared it with an existing bud phenology dataset in Europe. We selected three common conifers (Larix decidua Mill., Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and Pinus sylvestris L.) in both datasets and analyzed 909 records of the onset of wood formation at 47 sites and 238,720 records of budburst date at 3051 sites. We quantified chilling accumulation (CA) and forcing requirement (FR) of budburst and onset of wood formation based on common measures of CA and FR. We then constructed negative exponential CA-FR curves for bud and wood phenology separately. The results showed that the median, variance and probability distribution of CA-FR curves varied significantly between bud and wood phenology for three conifers. The different FR under the same chilling condition caused asynchronous bud and wood phenology. Furthermore, the CA-FR curves manifested that wood phenology was more sensitive to chilling than bud phenology. Thus, the FR of the onset of wood formation increases more than that of budburst under the same warming scenarios, explaining the stronger earlier trends in the budburst date than the onset date of woody formation simulated by the process-based model. Our work not only provides a possible explanation for asynchronous bud and wood phenology from the perspective of organ-specific responses to chilling and forcing, but also develops a phenological model for predicting both bud and wood phenology with acceptable uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanjiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junhu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Sector H-9, East Service Road, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Quansheng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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Picornell A, Maya-Manzano JM, Fernández-Ramos M, Hidalgo-Barquero JJ, Pecero-Casimiro R, Ruiz-Mata R, de Gálvez-Montañez E, Del Mar Trigo M, Recio M, Fernández-Rodríguez S. Effects of climate change on Platanus flowering in Western Mediterranean cities: Current trends and future projections. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167800. [PMID: 37838045 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Ornamental trees can reduce some of the negative impacts of urbanization on citizens but some species, such as Platanus spp., produce pollen with high allergenic potential. This can exacerbate the symptomatology in allergic patients, being a public health problem. Therefore, it would be relevant to determine the environmental conditions regulating the flowering onset of the Platanus species. The aims of this study were to use aerobiological records for modelling the thermal requirements of Platanus flowering and to make future projections based on the effects that climate change could have on it under several possible future scenarios. This study was conducted in Badajoz and Malaga, two Western Mediterranean cities with different climate conditions. In the first step, several main pollen season definitions were applied to the aerobiological data and their onset dates were compared with in situ phenological observations. The main pollen season definition that best fitted the Platanus flowering onset was based on the 4th derivative of a logistic function. This definition was used as a proxy to model the thermal requirements of the Platanus flowering onset by applying the PhenoFlex statistical framework. The errors obtained by this model during the external validation were 3.2 days on average, so it was fed with future temperature estimations to determine possible future trends. According to the different models, the flowering onset of Platanus in Badajoz will show heterogeneous responses in the short and medium term due to different balances in the chilling-forcing compensation, while it will clearly delay in Malaga due to a significant delay in the chilling requirement fulfilment. This may increase the chances of cross-reactivity episodes with other pollen types in the future, increasing its impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Picornell
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N., E-29071 Malaga, Spain.
| | - José M Maya-Manzano
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-Ramos
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Juan J Hidalgo-Barquero
- University Institute for Research on Water, Climate Change and Sustainability, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Raúl Pecero-Casimiro
- Department of Didactics of Experimental Sciences and Mathematics, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Rocío Ruiz-Mata
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N., E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Enrique de Gálvez-Montañez
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N., E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Trigo
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N., E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Marta Recio
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N., E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Construction, School of Technology, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, Caceres, Spain
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Habel JC, Schmitt T, Gros P, Ulrich W. Active around the year: Butterflies and moths adapt their life cycles to a warming world. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17103. [PMID: 38273556 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Living in a warming world requires adaptations to altered annual temperature regimes. In Europe, spring is starting earlier, and the vegetation period is ending later in the year. These climatic changes are leading not only to shifts in distribution ranges of flora and fauna, but also to phenological shifts. Using long-term observation data of butterflies and moths collected during the past decades across northern Austria, we test for phenological shifts over time and changes in the number of generations. On average, Lepidoptera adults emerged earlier in the year and tended to extend their flight periods in autumn. Many species increased the annual number of generations. These changes were more pronounced at lower altitudes than at higher altitudes, leading to an altered phenological zonation. Our findings indicate that climate change does not only affect community composition but also the life history of insects. Increased activity and reproductive periods might alter Lepidoptera-host plant associations and food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Christian Habel
- Evolutionary Zoology, Department of Environment and Biodiversity, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany
- Entomology and Biogeography, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Werner Ulrich
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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