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Rababa M, Aldrawsheh A, Hayajneh AA, Eyadat AM, Tawalbeh R. The Predictors of Negative and Positive Affect among People with Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1724. [PMID: 37893441 PMCID: PMC10607976 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This cross-sectional study examined the predictors of negative and positive affect among individuals with dementia. Materials and Methods: A sample of 102 Jordanian participants diagnosed with dementia was recruited from residential care facilities, and data were collected using different measures. Results: The results revealed that higher levels of negative affect were significantly associated with increased physical and verbal agitation among individuals with dementia. Conversely, lower levels of positive affect were associated with residing in a nursing home. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of recognizing the impact of both negative and positive affect on the well-being of individuals with dementia. Interventions targeting the reduction of negative affect and promoting positive affect could alleviate agitation and enhance emotional closeness in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rababa
- Adult Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (A.A.H.)
| | - Ayham Aldrawsheh
- Community and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan (A.M.E.)
| | - Audai A. Hayajneh
- Adult Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (A.A.H.)
| | - Anwar M. Eyadat
- Community and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan (A.M.E.)
| | - Raghad Tawalbeh
- Adult Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (A.A.H.)
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Hirosaki M, Ohira T, Wu Y, Eguchi E, Shirai K, Imano H, Funakubo N, Nishizawa H, Katakami N, Shimomura I, Iso H. Laughter yoga as an enjoyable therapeutic approach for glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148468. [PMID: 37065750 PMCID: PMC10102335 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laughter has been reported to have various health benefits. However, data on the long-term effects of laughter interventions on diabetes are limited. This study aimed to investigate whether laughter yoga can improve glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In a single-center, randomized controlled trial, 42 participants with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. The intervention consisted of a 12-week laughter yoga program. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body weight, waist circumference, psychological factors, and sleep duration were evaluated at baseline and week 12. RESULTS Intention-to-treat analysis showed that participants in the laughter yoga group experienced significant improvements in HbA1c levels (between-group difference: -0.31%; 95% CI -0.54, -0.09) and positive affect scores (between-group difference: 0.62 points; 95% CI 0.003, 1.23). Sleep duration tended to increase in the laughter yoga group with a between-group difference of 0.4 hours (95% CI -0.05, 0.86; P = 0.080). The mean attendance rate for laughter yoga program was high (92.9%). CONCLUSIONS A 12-week laughter yoga program is feasible for individuals with type 2 diabetes and improves glycemic control. These findings suggest that having fun could be a self-care intervention. Further studies with larger numbers of participants are warranted to better evaluate the effects of laughter yoga. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn, identifier UMIN000047164.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Hirosaki
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mayumi Hirosaki, ; Tetsuya Ohira,
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mayumi Hirosaki, ; Tetsuya Ohira,
| | - Yawei Wu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eri Eguchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Imano
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Narumi Funakubo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Eguchi E, Ohira T, Nakano H, Hayashi F, Okazaki K, Harigane M, Funakubo N, Takahashi A, Takase K, Maeda M, Yasumura S, Yabe H, Kamiya K. Association between Laughter and Lifestyle Diseases after the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Fukushima Health Management Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312699. [PMID: 34886425 PMCID: PMC8657190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association between the frequency of laughter and lifestyle diseases after the Great East Japan Earthquake. We included 41,432 participants aged 30-89 years in the Fukushima Health Management Survey in fiscal year 2012 and 2013. Gender-specific, age-adjusted and multivariable odds ratios of lifestyle diseases were calculated using logistic regressions stratified by evacuation status. Those who laugh every day had significantly lower multivariable odds ratios for hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart disease (HD) for men, and HT and dyslipidemia (DL) for women compared to those who do not, especially in male evacuees. The multivariable odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of HT, DM and HD (non-evacuees vs. evacuees) for men were 1.00 (0.89-1.11) vs. 0.85 (0.74-0.96), 0.90 (0.77-1.05) vs. 0.77 (0.64-0.91) and 0.92 (0.76-1.11) vs. 0.79 (0.63-0.99), and HT and DL for women were 0.90 (0.81-1.00) vs. 0.88 (0.78-0.99) and 0.80 (0.70-0.92) vs. 0.72 (0.62-0.83), respectively. The daily frequency of laughter was associated with a lower prevalence of lifestyle disease, especially in evacuees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Eguchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(24)-5471343
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Fumikazu Hayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Kanako Okazaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fukushima Medical University School of Health Sciences, Fukushima 960-8516, Japan
| | - Mayumi Harigane
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Narumi Funakubo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kanae Takase
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Community Health and Public Health Nursing, Fukushima Medical University School of Nursing, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Ryuno H, Yamaguchi Y, Greiner C. Effect of Employment Status on the Association Among Sleep, Care Burden, and Negative Affect in Family Caregivers. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2021; 34:574-581. [PMID: 32912003 DOI: 10.1177/0891988720957099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of employment status on sleep, care burden, and negative affect among family caregivers (FCs) at home. METHODS An intensive longitudinal design was applied in which 25 FCs underwent in-home assessments for up to 56 days. At baseline, demographic data and employment status were collected. FCs wore a wrist-worn device with an accelerometer to assess objective total sleep time (TST) for consecutive 24-hour periods. FCs answered the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) every night before sleep. Linear mixed model analysis was used to examine the effect of objective sleep status on ZBI and PANAS scores the following day. RESULTS Mean participant age was 66.3 ± 10.8 years (72.0% female), and mean survey period was 29.1 ± 9.6 days (866 observations). Mean TST of FCs was 5.7 ± 1.4 hours. In total, 32.0% of FCs were employed either full- or part-time. TST of employed FCs was significantly associated with care burden and negative affect (B = -0.4 and -1.3, respectively); however, positive affect was not associated with TST. FCs who were unemployed experienced less care burden and negative affect (rate of change: -7.7 and -8.0, respectively). Additionally, TST of unemployed FCs was associated with negative affect; thus, when they slept 1 hour longer than their mean TST, they experienced less negative affect the following day. CONCLUSION A reduction in TST could lead to increased care burden and more severe negative affect the following day, which may be moderated by employment status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirochika Ryuno
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamaguchi
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Japan
| | - Chieko Greiner
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Japan
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5
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Hirosaki M, Ohira T, Shirai K, Kondo N, Aida J, Yamamoto T, Takeuchi K, Kondo K. Association between frequency of laughter and oral health among community-dwelling older adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in Japan. Qual Life Res 2021; 30:1561-1569. [PMID: 33432445 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-020-02752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral health has been reported to have an impact on the activities of daily life such as chewing, eating, and laughing, while psychological factors such as depression and loneliness have been reported to affect oral health. Little is known, however, about the association between laughter and oral health in older adults. This study examined the bidirectional association between the frequency of daily laughter and oral health in community-dwelling older Japanese adults. METHODS Our cross-sectional study employed data from the 2013 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study's self-reported survey, which included 11,239 male and 12,799 female community-dwelling independent individuals aged 65 years or older. We defined the oral health status by the number of remaining teeth. The association between the self-reported frequency of laughter (almost every day, 1-5 days per week, 1-3 days per month, or almost never) and oral health was examined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The participants with 10 or more teeth were significantly more likely to laugh compared with the edentulous participants, after adjusting for all covariates. Compared with those who almost never laughed, those who laughed 1-5 days per week were significantly less likely to be edentulous. After stratifying by sex, similar results were found only in the men for both analyses. CONCLUSION There was a significant bidirectional association between frequency of laughter and oral health that was independent of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Hirosaki
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan. .,Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division for Regional Community Development, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Disaster Medicine and Dental Sociology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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6
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Forster AK, Richards EA, Foli KJ, McGowan B, Hass Z, Becker M, Miller A. Influence of Affect on Physical Activity: An Integrative Review. Clin Nurs Res 2020; 30:934-949. [PMID: 33111569 DOI: 10.1177/1054773820968039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Affective states, such as feelings of anger and excitement, are linked to health outcomes and behaviors. The benefits of physical activity for individual affect is known; however, how affect influences physical activity participation is less understood. Using Whittemore and Knafl's framework, this integrative review examines the influence of affect on adult physical activity. using six databases, 19 articles published between 1997 and 2019. Themes found include support for the influence of positive affect on increased physical activity, a temporal aspect of affect, a variety of measurement tools, and varying uses of theoretical frameworks across studies. Advanced practice nurses and registered nurses may improve patient health behaviors, such as physical activity, by incorporating affect-focused assessments. Review findings support consideration of affect in physical activity counseling. Further research using theory-driven methods and consistent affect assessments is needed to test the complex relationship between affect and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Forster
- Purdue University School of Nursing, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Center on Aging and the Life Course, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Richards
- Purdue University School of Nursing, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Center on Aging and the Life Course, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Karen J Foli
- Purdue University School of Nursing, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bethany McGowan
- Purdue University Libraries and School of Information Studies, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zachary Hass
- Purdue University School of Nursing, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue School of Industrial Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Margaret Becker
- Purdue University Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ann Miller
- Purdue University School of Nursing, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Ryuno H, Greiner C, Yamaguchi Y, Fujimoto H, Hirota M, Uemura H, Iguchi H, Kabayama M, Kamide K. Association between sleep, care burden, and related factors among family caregivers at home. Psychogeriatrics 2020; 20:385-390. [PMID: 31975544 PMCID: PMC7496993 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Several studies have reported a negative correlation between depressive symptoms and family caregivers' (FCs) subjective sleep status. However, there is a paucity of information on the association between objective/subjective sleep status, care burden, and related factors. METHODS Participants were 23 pairs of care receivers (CRs; Mage = 82.7 ± 8.5 years; 69.6% women) receiving long-term care at home and their FCs (Mage = 66.9 ± 11.0 years; 69.6% women). At baseline, demographic data, subjective sleep status (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSQI), WHO-5 well-being, depressive mood, and frequency of going outdoors were collected. FCs wore a small, wrist-worn device with an accelerometer to assess objective sleep status for a consecutive 24-h 2-week period, and they answered the Zarit Burden Interview short version (ZBI) every night before sleep. After 3 months, CR status was collected and analysed retrospectively. RESULTS The mean total sleep time over 2 weeks was 349.5 ± 69.6 min. The mean ZBI score over 2 weeks was 8.8 ± 6.8, which was significantly correlated with total sleep time (r = -0.42; P < 0.05), total time in bed (r = -0.44; P < 0.05), PSQI (r = 0.62; P < 0.01), frequency of going outdoors by CRs (r = -0.42; P < 0.05), and WHO-5 well-being among CRs (r = -0.50; P < 0.05). Multiple regression analyses revealed that total sleep time (β = -0.51; P < 0.05) was significantly associated with care burden (adjusted R2 = 0.45). At the 3-month follow-up, four CRs had been hospitalised or died, and their FCs displayed significantly severe care burden and slept less than at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Reduced objective total sleep time is significantly associated with the severity of care burden among FCs. Home-based care is critical in Japan; therefore, it is meaningful to determine how to reduce care burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirochika Ryuno
- Department of Nursing, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chieko Greiner
- Department of Nursing, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamaguchi
- Department of Nursing, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Fujimoto
- Department of Nursing, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Misato Hirota
- Department of Nursing, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hisayo Uemura
- Social Welfare Corporation, Ho-yu Fukushikai Syownkan, Toyono, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iguchi
- Social Welfare Corporation, Ho-yu Fukushikai Syownkan, Toyono, Japan
| | - Mai Kabayama
- Division of Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kei Kamide
- Division of Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Happiness and Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults: Investigating the Mediational Roles of Disability, Depression, Social Contact Frequency, and Loneliness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16244954. [PMID: 31817633 PMCID: PMC6950127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Understanding the lower level of happiness among older adults with cognitive impairment has been a largely neglected issue. This study (1) reports on the level of happiness among older adults in Singapore and (2) examines the potential mediating roles of depression, disability, social contact frequency, and loneliness in the relationship between cognitive scores and happiness. Methods: Data for this study were extracted from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) study: a cross-sectional; comprehensive single-phase survey conducted among Singapore citizens and permanent residents that were aged 60 years and above (n = 2565). The Geriatric Mental State examination (GMS) was administered to the participants. Questions pertaining to socio-demographic characteristics; happiness; loneliness; social contact; depression; and, disability were utilized in this study. Logistic regression analyses and mediation analyses were used to explore the correlates of happiness and potential mediating factors. Results: Overall, 96.2% of older adults in Singapore reported feeling either fairly happy or very happy. In the regression analysis, individuals of Malay descent, those who were married/cohabiting, or had higher education levels were more likely to report feeling happy. After controlling for socio-demographic factors, higher cognitive scores were associated with higher odds of reporting happiness. We found that the positive association between cognition and happiness was fully mediated by disability, depression, loneliness, and frequency of contact with friends. Conclusion: The majority of the older adult population reported feeling fairly or very happy. While cognitive impairment has shown limited reversibility in past studies, unhappiness among older adults with cognitive impairment might be potentially mitigated through interventions addressing accompanying issues of social isolation, disability, and depression
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Wen M, Ren Q, Korinek K, Trinh HN. Living in skipped generation households and happiness among middle-aged and older grandparents in China. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2019; 80:145-155. [PMID: 30955552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examines whether living in skipped-generation households (SGHs) is prospectively linked to happiness among middle-aged and older grandparents in China and explores the moderating effects of age, gender, education, income and rural-urban status on this link. The analyses use the two most recent waves of data (collected in 2012 and 2014) from the China Family Panel Studies. The outcome is a continuous, single-item happiness scale composed of data taken from the latter wave, while the key predictor is a categorical measurement of the respondents' living arrangements in 2012. The analyses use ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression analyses to assess the relationship between the two variables of interest. Overall, grandparents living in SGHs are less happy than those living only with a spouse or those living in three-generation households. Age group and rural-urban status are found to be significant moderators. The negative link between living in SGHs and happiness is largely absent in the oldest age group (i.e., age 70 or above) and among urban dwellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wen
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E Rm 301, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Qiang Ren
- Center for Social Research/Institute of Social Science Survey, Peking University, Science Bldg. #5, Room 633, Yiheyuan Road #5, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Kim Korinek
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E Rm 301, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ha N Trinh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
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10
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Pressman SD, Jenkins BN, Moskowitz JT. Positive Affect and Health: What Do We Know and Where Next Should We Go? Annu Rev Psychol 2019; 70:627-650. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Positive affect (PA) is associated with better health across a wide range of physical health outcomes. This review reflects on why the study of PA is an essential component of our understanding of physical health and expands on pathways that connect these two variables. To encourage forward movement in this burgeoning research area, measurement and design issues in the study of PA and health are discussed, as are the connections between PA and a range of different health outcomes. Plausible biological, social, and behavioral pathways that allow for positive feelings to get under the skin and influence physical wellness are detailed and framed in the context of several theoretical models. Finally, new directions for the field and important methodological and interpretative considerations that are essential to moving this important research area forward are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D. Pressman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Brooke N. Jenkins
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
| | - Judith T. Moskowitz
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Vaughan MW, LaValley MP, Felson DT, Orsmond GI, Niu J, Lewis CE, Segal NA, Nevitt MC, Keysor JJ. Affect and Incident Participation Restriction in Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2018; 70:542-549. [PMID: 28686817 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Participation restriction, common among people with knee osteoarthritis (OA), may be influenced by affect. We examined the risk of incident participation restriction over 84 months conferred by positive and negative affect among people with knee OA. METHODS Participants were from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study and had or were at high risk of knee OA. Participation restriction was measured using the Instrumental Role Limitation subscale of the Late-Life Disability Index, and affect was measured using the positive affect and depressed mood subscales of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Robust Poisson regression was used to calculate the risk of incident participation restriction over 84 months conferred by combinations of low and high positive and negative affect, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Of 1,810 baseline participants (mean age 62.1 years, 56% female), 470 (26%) had incident participation restriction over 84 months. Participants with low positive affect had 20% greater risk of incident participation restriction than those with high positive affect; participants with high negative affect had 50% greater risk of incident participation restriction compared to those with low negative affect. Participants with both low positive and high negative affect had 80% greater risk of incident participation restriction compared to other combinations of positive and negative affect. CONCLUSION Low positive and high negative affect, both alone and in combination, increase the risk of participation restriction among adults with knee OA. Efforts aimed at preventing participation restriction in this population should consider these mood states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jingbo Niu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Neil A Segal
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
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12
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Lifestyle factors and social ties associated with the frequency of laughter after the Great East Japan Earthquake: Fukushima Health Management Survey. Qual Life Res 2017; 27:639-650. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Cabrita M, Lamers SMA, Trompetter HR, Tabak M, Vollenbroek-Hutten MMR. Exploring the relation between positive emotions and the functional status of older adults living independently: a systematic review. Aging Ment Health 2017; 21:1121-1128. [PMID: 27437908 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1204982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Literature suggests that positive emotions positively influence physiological parameters but their relation to functioning in the daily life of older adults living independently remains unclear. The present work aims to investigate the relation between positive emotions and functional status in daily life of older people living independently. METHOD A systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus electronic databases. Included works were peer-reviewed empirical studies that analysed the relation between positive emotions and ability to perform activities of daily living with older adults living independently. RESULTS After removal of duplicates, 10 out of 963 papers met the inclusion criteria. Cross-sectional studies (n = 6) provided limited evidence about a relation between positive emotions and functioning in daily life. However, longitudinal studies (n = 4) provide significant evidence for an interaction between the two factors, suggesting that time influences this interaction. CONCLUSION The variety on the design and samples of the studies included in this review does not allow a cohesive conclusion of the results. Nevertheless, limited evidence suggests that higher frequency in the experience of positive emotions might be associated with lower functional limitations. The issue of causality in emotions-functioning remains unclear from the review. Further observational studies are highly recommended, supported by innovative technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cabrita
- a Roessingh Research and Development, Telemedicine Group , Enschede , The Netherlands.,b Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Telemedicine Group , University of Twente , Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Sanne M A Lamers
- c Department of Psychology, Health and Technology , University of Twente , Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Hester R Trompetter
- c Department of Psychology, Health and Technology , University of Twente , Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Monique Tabak
- a Roessingh Research and Development, Telemedicine Group , Enschede , The Netherlands.,b Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Telemedicine Group , University of Twente , Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Miriam M R Vollenbroek-Hutten
- a Roessingh Research and Development, Telemedicine Group , Enschede , The Netherlands.,b Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Telemedicine Group , University of Twente , Enschede , The Netherlands
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14
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Cho YJ, Hong YH, Park HJ, Lee JE, Yun JM, Shin DW, Son KY, Cho B, Kim SH. Depressive Mood and the Risk of Future Functional Decline in an Elderly Population. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2017. [DOI: 10.4235/agmr.2017.21.3.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that self-rated health (SRH) predicts subsequent mortality. However, less is known about the association between SRH and functional ability. The aim of this study was to examine whether SRH predicts decline in basic activities of daily living (ADL), even after adjustment for depression, among community-dwelling older adults in Japan. METHODS A three-year prospective cohort study was conducted among 654 residents aged 65 years and older without disability in performing basic ADL at baseline. SRH was assessed using a visual analogue scale (range; 0-100), and dichotomized into low and high groups. Information on functional ability, sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms, and medical conditions were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between baseline SRH and functional decline three years later. RESULTS One hundred and eight (16.5%) participants reported a decline in basic ADL at the three-year follow-up. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the low SRH group had a higher risk for functional decline compared to the high SRH group, even after controlling for potential confounding factors (odds ratio (OR) = 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3-4.4). Furthermore, a 10-point difference in SRH score was associated with subsequent functional decline (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.16-1.61). CONCLUSIONS SRH was an independent predictor of functional decline. SRH could be a simple assessment tool for predicting the loss or maintenance of functional ability in community-dwelling older adults. Positive self-evaluation might be useful to maintain an active lifestyle and stay healthy.
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Mori K, Kaiho Y, Tomata Y, Narita M, Tanji F, Sugiyama K, Sugawara Y, Tsuji I. Sense of life worth living (ikigai) and incident functional disability in elderly Japanese: The Tsurugaya Project. J Psychosom Res 2017; 95:62-67. [PMID: 28314550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that elderly persons who feel ikigai (a sense of life worth living) have a lower risk of incident functional disability than those who do not. Recent studies have suggested that ikigai impacts on mortality. However, its impact upon disability is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between ikigai and incident functional disability among elderly persons. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 830 Japanese elderly persons aged ≥70 years as a comprehensive geriatric assessment in 2003. Information on ikigai was collected by self-reported questionnaire. Data on functional disability were retrieved from the public Long-term Care Insurance database in which participants were followed up for 11 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incidence of functional disability were calculated for three groups delineated according to the presence of ikigai (“no”, “uncertain” or “yes”) using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS The 11-year incidence of functional disability was 53.3% (442 cases). As compared with the “no” group, the multiple-adjusted HR (95% CI) of incident functional disability was 0.61 (0.36–1.02) for the “uncertain” group and 0.50 (0.30–0.84) for the “yes” group. CONCLUSION A stronger degree of ikigai is significantly associated with a lower risk of incident functional disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Mori
- The Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Kaiho
- The Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tomata
- The Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Narita
- The Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiya Tanji
- The Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kemmyo Sugiyama
- The Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- The Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- The Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Kim SH, Cho B, Won CW, Hong YH, Son KY. Self-reported health status as a predictor of functional decline in a community-dwelling elderly population: Nationwide longitudinal survey in Korea. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 17:885-892. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyuck Kim
- Department of Family Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
- Institute on Aging; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Young Ho Hong
- Department of Family Medicine, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Ki Young Son
- Department of Family Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
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Findings regarding the relationships between sociodemographic, psychological, comorbidity factors, and functional status, in geriatric inpatients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 821:45-55. [PMID: 25416109 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-08939-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of socio-demographic and comorbidity factors, and quantified depressive symptoms on disability in inpatients. METHODS Observational cross-sectional study, including a number of 80 elderly (16 men, 64 women; mean age 72.48 years; standard deviation 9.95 years) admitted in the Geriatrics Clinic of "St. Luca" Hospital, Bucharest, between May-July, 2012. We used the Functional Independence Measure, Geriatric Depression Scale and an array of socio-demographic and poly-pathology parameters. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests for ordinal variables, linear bivariate correlations, general linear model analysis, ANOVA. RESULTS FIM scores were negatively correlated with age (R=-0.301; 95%CI=-0.439 -0.163; p=0.007); GDS scores had a statistically significant negative correlation (R=-0.322; 95% CI=-0.324 -0.052; p=0.004) with FIM scores. A general linear model, including other variables (gender, age, provenance, matrimonial state, living conditions, education, respectively number of chronic illnesses) as factors, found living conditions (p=0.027) and the combination of matrimonial state and gender (p=0.004) to significantly influence FIM scores. ANOVA showed significant differences in FIM scores stratified by the number of chronic diseases (p=0.035). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our study objectified the negative impact of depression on functional status; interestingly, education had no influence on FIM scores; living conditions and a combination of matrimonial state and gender had an important impact: patients with living spouses showed better functional scores than divorced/widowers; the number of chronic diseases also affected the FIM scores: lower in patients with significant polypathology. These findings should be considered when designing geriatric rehabilitation programs, especially for home--including skilled--cares.
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Fujii M, Butler JP, Sasaki H. Emotional function in dementia patients. Psychogeriatrics 2014; 14:202-9. [PMID: 25250479 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, which can be considered as hyperreactivity of the emotional functioning of dementia, can be alleviated or aggravated by the behavioural and psychological symptoms of the caregiver. Comfortable stimulations of emotional function through sensory stimulations are effective methods for alleviating behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Although cognitive function deteriorates with age, emotional function is often retained even in advanced years. Thus, it is recommended that care in patients with dementia be focused mainly on the stimulation of emotional function (e.g. sympathy and empathy, which are human traits), rather than relying solely on the stimulation of cognitive function.
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Imai H, Yamanaka G, Ishimoto Y, Kimura Y, Fukutomi E, Chen WL, Matsuoka S, Tanaka M, Sakamoto R, Wada T, Okumiya K, Otsuka K, Matsubayashi K. Factor structures of a Japanese version of the Geriatric Depression Scale and its correlation with the quality of life and functional ability. Psychiatry Res 2014; 215:460-5. [PMID: 24388098 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) with regard to its factors and, reproducibility, as well as its relationship to activities of daily living, social factors, medical conditions, and quality of life for community-dwelling elderly people in Japan. The study population consisted of 736 community-dwelling elderly participants aged 65 or older. Exploratory factor analysis of the data and correlation coefficients between factors and activities of daily living, quality of life, social factors, and medical conditions were calculated for two consecutive years. The reproducibility of the results was also evaluated. As the result, GDS-15 had three reproducible factors specified as follows: factor I, "energy loss and pessimistic outlook"; factor II, "positive mental status (reversed)"; and factor III, "empty feeling." Comparing our findings with a review of research in this area, positive items (excluding "feel full of energy") seem to compose an universal factor. Factor I correlated best with quality of life, factor II with activities of daily living, and factor III with subjective cognitive function. These results suggest the GDS-15 can be used to assess the functional ability and quality of life, as well as depressive mood in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hissei Imai
- Field Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 46 Shimoadachi-sho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan; Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Gaku Yamanaka
- Medical Center East, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuko Ishimoto
- The Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumi Kimura
- The Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eriko Fukutomi
- Field Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wen-ling Chen
- Field Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachi Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Asian and African Aria Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mire Tanaka
- Field Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Sakamoto
- The Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taizo Wada
- The Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Okumiya
- Graduate School of Asian and African Aria Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Otsuka
- Medical Center East, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kozo Matsubayashi
- The Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
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Steptoe A, de Oliveira C, Demakakos P, Zaninotto P. Enjoyment of life and declining physical function at older ages: a longitudinal cohort study. CMAJ 2014; 186:E150-6. [PMID: 24446463 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.131155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive affective well-being (i.e., feelings of happiness and enjoyment) has been associated with longer survival and reduced incidence of serious illness. Our objective was to discover whether enjoyment of life also predicted a reduced risk of functional impairment over an 8-year period in a large population sample. METHODS We carried out a prospective analysis involving 3199 men and women aged 60 years or older from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Enjoyment of life was assessed by questionnaire. Outcomes were impairment in 2 or more activities of daily living and changes in gait speed on a walking test. Covariates included sociodemographic factors, baseline health, depressive symptoms, impairment of mobility and health behaviours. RESULTS Two or more impaired activities of daily living developed among 4.4%, 11.7% and 16.8% of participants in the high, medium and low enjoyment-of-life tertiles, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, the odds of impaired activities of daily living developing were 1.83 (95% confidence interval 1.13-2.96) in the low compared with high tertile. Gait speed after 8 years was also related to baseline enjoyment of life after adjustment for gait speed and other covariates at baseline (p < 0.001). We obtained similar results when we limited analyses to participants younger than 70 years at baseline. INTERPRETATION This is an observational study, so causal conclusions cannot be drawn. But our results provide evidence that reduced enjoyment of life may be related to the future disability and mobility of older people.
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