Management guideline for Werner syndrome 2020. 4. Osteoporosis associated with Werner syndrome

Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers and Other Cutaneous Manifestations in Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes and Rare DNA Repair Disorders

Although most non-melanoma skin cancers are felt to be sporadic in origin, these tumors do play a role in several cancer predisposition syndromes. The manifestations of skin cancers in these hereditary populations can include diagnosis at extremely early ages and/or multiple primary cancers, as well as tumors at less common sites. Awareness of baseline skin cancer risks for these individuals is important, particularly in the setting of treatments that may compromise the immune system and further increase risk of cutaneous malignancies. Additionally, diagnosis of these disorders and management of non-cutaneous manifestations of these diseases have profound implications for both the patient and their family. This review highlights the current literature on the diagnosis, features, and non-melanoma skin cancer risks associated with lesser-known cancer predisposition syndromes, including bone marrow failure disorders, genomic instability disorders, and base excision repair disorders.

Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases in Progeroid Syndromes

Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and Werner syndrome (WS) are two of the representative genetic progeroid syndromes and have been widely studied in the field of aging research. HGPS is a pediatric disease in which premature aging symptoms appear in early childhood, and death occurs at an average age of 14.5 years, mainly due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Conversely, WS patients exhibit accelerated aging phenotypes after puberty and die in their 50s due to CVD and malignant tumors. Both diseases are models of human aging, leading to a better understanding of the aging-associated development of CVD. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis and treatment of atherosclerotic diseases presented by both progeroid syndromes with the latest findings.