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Mikawa T, Yoshida K, Kondoh H. Senotherapy preserves resilience in aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024. [PMID: 39098000 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
In aging societies, social and economic burdens of aging-related diseases are increasing significantly. Senotherapy, which targets aging by eliminating senescent cells (senolytics) or removing sources of chronic inflammation (senostatics), are proposed as novel strategies for aging-related diseases. Aged or frail people suffer a decline of tissue reserve capacity during aging. Resilience, which is much reduced in older people, is essential for recovery from diseases, stresses or crises. Impaired resilience is one of the reasons why aged people experience a gradual waning of their daily activity and an increase of multimorbidity. Calorie restriction results in senostatic alleviation of chronic inflammation, whereas senolytic drugs induce apoptosis of senescent cells, which exacerbate aging by excreting inflammatory factors. Thus, both senolytics and senostatics are expected to reduce sterile inflammation, originating from senescent cells. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Mikawa
- Geriatric Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Geriatric Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ghzaiel I, Zarrouk A, Pires V, de Barros JPP, Hammami S, Ksila M, Hammami M, Ghrairi T, Jouanny P, Vejux A, Lizard G. 7β-Hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol: New oxidative stress biomarkers of sarcopenia inducing cytotoxic effects on myoblasts and myotubes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106345. [PMID: 37286110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process which can be associated with skeletal muscle degradation leading to sarcopenia. The aim of this study consisted i) to determine the oxidative and inflammatory status of sarcopenic patients and ii) to clarify the impact of oxidative stress on myoblasts and myotubes. To this end, various biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, leukotriene B4 (LTB4)) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, carbonylated proteins and antioxidant enzymes: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) as well as oxidized derivatives of cholesterol formed by cholesterol autoxidation (7-ketocholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol), were analyzed. Apelin, a myokine which contributes to muscle strength, was also quantified. To this end, a case-control study was conducted to evaluate the RedOx and inflammatory status in 45 elderly subjects (23 non-sarcopenic; 22 sarcopenic) from 65 years old and higher. SARCopenia-Formular (SARC-F) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests were used to distinguish between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic subjects. By using red blood cells, plasma and/or serum, we observed in sarcopenic patients an increased activity of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase) associated with lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation (increased level of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes and carbonylated proteins). Higher levels of 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol were also observed in the plasma of sarcopenic patients. Significant differences were only observed with 7β-hydroxycholesterol. In sarcopenic patients comparatively to non-sarcopenic subjects, significant increase of CRP, LTB4 and apelin were observed whereas similar levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were found. The increased plasma level of 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol in sarcopenic patients led us to study the cytotoxic effect of these oxysterols on undifferentiated (myoblasts) and differentiated (myotubes) murine C2C12 cells. With the fluorescein diacetate and sulforhodamine 101 assays, an induction of cell death was observed both on undifferentiated and differentiated cells: the cytotoxic effects were less pronounced with 7-ketocholesterol. In addition, IL-6 secretion was never detected whatever the culture conditions, TNF-α secretion was significantly increased on undifferentiated and differentiated C2C12 cells treated with 7-ketocholesterol- and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, and IL-8 secretion was increased on differentiated cells. 7-ketocholesterol- and 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced cell death was strongly attenuated by α-tocopherol and Pistacia lentiscus L. seed oil both on myoblasts and/or myotubes. TNF-α and/or IL-8 secretions were reduced by α-tocopherol and Pistacia lentiscus L. seed oil. Our data support the hypothesis that the enhancement of oxidative stress observed in sarcopenic patients could contribute, especially via 7β-hydroxycholesterol, to skeletal muscle atrophy and inflammation via cytotoxic effects on myoblasts and myotubes. These data bring new elements to understand the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and open new perspectives for the treatment of this frequent age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ghzaiel
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health', Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health', Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia.
| | - Vivien Pires
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Sonia Hammami
- Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health', Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ksila
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of BioMolecules, LR18ES03, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis-El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health', Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Université de Bourgogne, Lipidomic Platform, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Jouanny
- Geriatric Internal Medicine Department (Champmaillot), University Hospital Center, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Guzonjić A, Sopić M, Ostanek B, Kotur-Stevuljević J. Telomere length as a biomarker of aging and diseases. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm72-36376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As research related to healthspan and lifespan has become a hot topic, the necessity for a reliable and practical biomarker of aging (BoA), which can provide information about mortality and morbidity risk, along with remaining life expectancy, has increased. The chromosome terminus non-coding protective structure that prevents genomic instability is called a telomere. The continual shortening of telomeres, which affects their structure as well as function, is a hallmark of agedness. The aforementioned process is a potential cause of age-related diseases (ARDs), leading to a bad prognosis and a low survival rate, which compromise health and longevity. Hence, studies scrutinizing the BoAs often include telomere length (TL) as a prospective candidate. The results of these studies suggest that TL measurement can only provide an approximate appraisal of the aging rate, and its implementation into clinical practice and routine use as a BoA has many limitations and challenges. Nevertheless, measuring TL while determining other biomarkers can be used to assess biological age. This review focuses on the importance of telomeres in health, senescence, and diseases, as well as on summarizing the results and conclusions of previous studies evaluating TL as a potential BoA.
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Howlett SE, Rutenberg AD, Rockwood K. The degree of frailty as a translational measure of health in aging. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:651-665. [PMID: 37117769 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is a multiply determined, age-related state of increased risk for adverse health outcomes. We review how the degree of frailty conditions the development of late-life diseases and modifies their expression. The risks for frailty range from subcellular damage to social determinants. These risks are often synergistic-circumstances that favor damage also make repair less likely. We explore how age-related damage and decline in repair result in cellular and molecular deficits that scale up to tissue, organ and system levels, where they are jointly expressed as frailty. The degree of frailty can help to explain the distinction between carrying damage and expressing its usual clinical manifestations. Studying people-and animals-who live with frailty, including them in clinical trials and measuring the impact of the degree of frailty are ways to better understand the diseases of old age and to establish best practices for the care of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Howlett
- Geriatric Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University & Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andrew D Rutenberg
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Geriatric Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University & Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Chemoinformatic Screening for the Selection of Potential Senolytic Compounds from Natural Products. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030467. [PMID: 33809876 PMCID: PMC8004226 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cellular condition that involves significant changes in gene expression and the arrest of cell proliferation. Recently, it has been suggested in experimental models that the elimination of senescent cells with pharmacological methods delays, prevents, and improves multiple adverse outcomes related to age. In this sense, the so-called senoylitic compounds are a class of drugs that selectively eliminates senescent cells (SCs) and that could be used in order to delay such adverse outcomes. Interestingly, the first senolytic drug (navitoclax) was discovered by using chemoinformatic and network analyses. Thus, in the present study, we searched for novel senolytic compounds through the use of chemoinformatic tools (fingerprinting and network pharmacology) over different chemical databases (InflamNat and BIOFACQUIM) coming from natural products (NPs) that have proven to be quite remarkable for drug development. As a result of screening, we obtained three molecules (hinokitiol, preussomerin C, and tanshinone I) that could be considered senolytic compound candidates since they share similarities in structure with senolytic leads (tunicamycin, ginsenoside Rb1, ABT 737, rapamycin, navitoclax, timosaponin A-III, digoxin, roxithromycin, and azithromycin) and targets involved in senescence pathways with potential use in the treatment of age-related diseases.
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Harn HIC, Chen CC, Wang SP, Lei M, Chuong CM. Tissue Mechanics in Haired Murine Skin: Potential Implications for Skin Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:635340. [PMID: 33681217 PMCID: PMC7933214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.635340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, the skin undergoes changes in architecture and composition. Skin aging phenotypes occur due to accumulated changes in the genome/epigenome, cytokine/cell adhesion, cell distribution/extracellular matrix (ECM), etc. Here we review data suggesting that tissue mechanics also plays a role in skin aging. While mouse and human skin share some similarities, their skin architectures differ in some respects. However, we use recent research in haired murine skin because of the available experimental data. Skin suffers from changes in both its appendages and inter-appendage regions. The elderly exhibit wrinkles and loose dermis and are more likely to suffer from wounds and superficial abrasions with poor healing. They also have a reduction in the number of skin appendages. While telogen is prolonged in aging murine skin, hair follicle stem cells can be rejuvenated to enter anagen if transplanted to a young skin environment. We highlight recent single-cell analyses performed on epidermis and aging human skin which identified new basal cell subpopulations that shift in response to wounding. This may be due to alterations of basement membrane stiffness which would change tissue mechanics in aging skin, leading to altered homeostatic dynamics. We propose that the extracellular matrix (ECM) may play a key role as a chemo-mechanical integrator of the multi-layered senescence-associated signaling pathways, dictating the tissue mechanical landscape of niche microenvironments in aging phenotypes. We show examples where failed chemo-mechanical signaling leads to deteriorating homeostasis during skin aging and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to guide future research to delay the aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans I-Chen Harn
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,International Research Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Pei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,International Research Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mingxing Lei
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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