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Zhong Y, Wang G, Yang S, Zhang Y, Wang X. The role of DNA damage in neural stem cells ageing. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31187. [PMID: 38219047 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with the potential to differentiate into a variety of nerve cells. NSCs are susceptible to both intracellular and extracellular insults, thus causing DNA damage. Extracellular insults include ultraviolet, ionizing radiation, base analogs, modifiers, alkyl agents and others, while intracellular factors include Reactive oxygen species (ROS) radicals produced by mitochondria, mismatches that occur during DNA replication, deamination of bases, loss of bases, and more. When encountered with DNA damage, cells typically employ three coping strategies: DNA repair, damage tolerance, and apoptosis. NSCs, like many other stem cells, have the ability to divide, differentiate, and repair DNA damage to prevent mutations from being passed down to the next generation. However, when DNA damage accumulates over time, it will lead to a series of alterations in the metabolism of cells, which will cause cellular ageing. The ageing and exhaustion of neural stem cell will have serious effects on the body, such as neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to examine the processes by which DNA damage leads to NSCs ageing and the mechanisms of DNA repair in NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangming Wang
- School of Medicine, Postdoctoral Station of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangzhi Yang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Porrazzo A, Cipressa F, De Gregorio A, De Pittà C, Sales G, Ciapponi L, Morciano P, Esposito G, Tabocchini MA, Cenci G. Low dose rate γ-irradiation protects fruit fly chromosomes from double strand breaks and telomere fusions by reducing the esi-RNA biogenesis factor Loquacious. Commun Biol 2022; 5:905. [PMID: 36057690 PMCID: PMC9440893 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is still continuously debated whether the low-dose/dose-rate (LDR) of ionizing radiation represents a hazard for humans. Model organisms, such as fruit flies, are considered valuable systems to reveal insights into this issue. We found that, in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster larval neuroblasts, the frequency of Chromosome Breaks (CBs), induced by acute γ-irradiation, is considerably reduced when flies are previously exposed to a protracted dose of 0.4 Gy delivered at a dose rate of 2.5 mGy/h. This indicates that this exposure, which is associated with an increased expression of DNA damage response proteins, induces a radioadaptive response (RAR) that protects Drosophila from extensive DNA damage. Interestingly, the same exposure reduces the frequency of telomere fusions (TFs) from Drosophila telomere capping mutants suggesting that the LDR can generally promote a protective response on chromatin sites that are recognized as DNA breaks. Deep RNA sequencing revealed that RAR is associated with a reduced expression of Loquacious D (Loqs-RD) gene that encodes a well-conserved dsRNA binding protein required for esiRNAs biogenesis. Remarkably, loss of Loqs mimics the LDR-mediated chromosome protection as it decreases the IR-induced CBs and TFs frequency. Thus, our molecular characterization of RAR identifies Loqs as a key factor in the cellular response to LDR and in the epigenetic routes involved in radioresistance. Chronic low y-radiation exposure to Drosophila cells decreases chromosome breaks induced by high-dose irradiation and telomere dysfunction by reducing the esiRNA biogenesis factor Loquacious D.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Porrazzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti/ Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Cipressa
- Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti/ Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy.,Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy
| | - A De Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - C De Pittà
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - G Sales
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L Ciapponi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - P Morciano
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100, Assergi, Italy
| | - G Esposito
- Istituto Superiore di Sanita' ISS, Rome, Italy.,INFN-Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | | | - G Cenci
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy. .,Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti/ Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy.
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