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Buchanan L, Canales B, Yamamoto A. Refractory uric acid nephrolithiasis dissolution using phentermine/topiramate: A case report. Urol Case Rep 2024; 54:102748. [PMID: 38756527 PMCID: PMC11096699 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2024.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is one of the few kidney stone minerals that can dissolve using oral alkalinization therapies such as potassium citrate. We report an obese female whose recalcitrant uric acid stones were eliminated using the weight loss medication phentermine/topiramate (Qsymia), a metabolic stimulant and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Pre- and post-dissolution 24-h urine studies and computed tomography images are included with a proposed mechanism of action of this medication. This is the first description of a non-alkaline oral therapy used alone for uric acid stone dissolution. Additional investigation of this medication in obese or diabetic uric acid stone formers is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Buchanan
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, United States
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Ge J, Cao SS, Cao XY, Tang M, Mu F, Qiao Y, Guan Y, Wang JW. Lamotrigine induced priapism in children: case analysis and literature review. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221133988. [DOI: 10.1177/03000605221133988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamotrigine is an antiepileptic drug that can be used to control many types of seizures as a single-agent or an add-on therapy in patients over 2 years of age. In addition to common adverse reactions, this current case report describes a paediatric male patient with a rare side-effect of persistent penile erectile due to lamotrigine. Previous studies have shown that it can improve sexual function in adult male patients. This patient suffered from refractory epilepsy and pneumonia. He had taken a variety of antiepileptic drugs for a long time and developed priapism after the dosage of lamotrigine had been increased. The priapism improved after drug withdrawal and sedation. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of this rare side-effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shan-Shan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China
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Kung D, Rodriguez G, Evans R. Chronic Migraine. Neurol Clin 2022; 41:141-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pelzman DL, Kazi E, Jackman SV, Semins MJ. Urinary Metabolic Disturbances During Topiramate Use and their Reversibility Following Drug Cessation. Urology 2022; 165:139-143. [PMID: 35093398 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the metabolic disturbances of stone formers currently taking topiramate and to examine the reversibility of these disturbances with cessation of the medication. MATERIALS AND METHODS All progress notes written by 5 endourologists from a single academic center were retrospectively reviewed from January 2010 to July 2020 containing the words "topiramate" or "topamax." Inclusion criteria were age > 18 and presence of either a 24-hour urine sample or stone analysis while on topiramate. In addition, a subgroup of 18 patients with 24-hour urine samples before and after stopping topiramate were identified. RESULTS A total of 93 patients were identified and included for final analysis. Twenty-four hour urine samples were available in 67 patients and showed mean citrate excretion of 331 ± 322 mg/day, mean pH of 6.6 ± 0.5, and mean calcium phosphate supersaturation of 1.9 ± 1.1. In the subgroup analysis urinary citrate excretion increased from 225 mg/day to 614 mg/day (p<0.01), pH decreased from 6.59 ± 0.54 to 6.33 ± 0.47 (p = 0.06). In addition, 114 stone events occurred in 73 distinct patients, with 50% of stones either pure or majority (≥ 50%) calcium phosphate by composition. CONCLUSIONS Hypocitraturia and elevated pH is seen during topiramate use with resultant higher rate of calcium phosphate stone formation compared to the general population. Stopping topiramate leads to significant increase in citrate excretion and normalization of pH. These metabolic disturbances appear to be reversible with medication cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Pelzman
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Eman Kazi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Cleveland B, Borofsky M. Symptomatic renal papillary varicosities and medullary nephrocalcinosis. BMC Urol 2021; 21:164. [PMID: 34844581 PMCID: PMC8628392 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nephrocalcinosis is often asymptomatic but can manifest with renal colic or hematuria. There is no reported association between nephrocalcinosis and renal vascular malformations, which may also be a source of hematuria. We herein present a case of a patient with hematuria related to nephrocalcinosis and renal papillary varicosities. These varicosities were diagnosed and successfully treated with flexible ureteroscopy and laser fulguration.
Case presentation A 24-year-old female with a history of epilepsy (on zonisamide), recent uncomplicated pregnancy, and new diagnosis of nephrocalcinosis presented with right flank pain and intermittent gross hematuria. Imaging revealed intermittent right sided hydronephrosis. A cystoscopy identified hematuria from the right ureteral orifice. Diagnostic flexible ureteroscopy revealed numerous intrapapillary renal stones and varicose veins of several renal papillae. A 200 μm holmium laser fiber was used to unroof these stones and fulgurate the varicosities with resolution of her symptoms for several months. She later presented with left-sided symptoms and underwent left ureteroscopy with similar findings and identical successful treatment. Conclusion Unilateral hematuria from discrete vascular lesions of the renal collecting system may be obscured by other benign co-existing conditions, such as nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. Although a simultaneous presentation is rare, flexible ureteroscopy with laser fulguration offers an ideal diagnostic and therapeutic modality for these concurrent conditions if symptoms arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Cleveland
- University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. S. E., MMC 394, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Michael Borofsky
- University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. S. E., MMC 394, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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Association between kidney stones and risk of developing stroke: a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4521-4529. [PMID: 33606128 PMCID: PMC8519881 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Many studies have described the relationship between kidney stones and stroke, but the results are controversial, so we conducted this meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between kidney stones and the risk of developing stroke. Methods Studies were marked with a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Google, and ISI Web of Science databases through 25 March 2020. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted, and a random-effects model or fix-effects model was used to compute the pooled combined risk estimate. Heterogeneity was reported as I2. We performed subgroup and sensitivity analysis to assess potential sources of heterogeneity. Results Eight studies of seven articles involving 3,526,808 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, kidney stones were associated with a moderate risk of stroke incidence (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11–1.40; I2=79.6%; p=0.000). We conducted a sensitivity analysis by removing the studies that had a high risk of bias. Heterogeneity subsequently decreased significantly, while an increased risk of stroke in patient with kidney stones was again demonstrated (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11–1.23; I2=28.7%; p=0.000). Stratifying analysis showed that the results were more pronounced for ischemic stroke (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08–1.22; I2=15.6%; p=0.00) and the follow-up duration ≥10 years (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10–1.27; I2=31.6%; p=0.003). Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggests that patients with kidney stones may have a modestly increased risk of developing stroke, especially in ischemic stroke. More large-scaled and clinical trials should be done to identify the relative impact of kidney stones on stroke outcomes in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10072-021-05113-5.
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Pre-Clinical Assessment of the Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Zonisamide After Intranasal Administration. Pharm Res 2020; 37:74. [PMID: 32215749 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Zonisamide clinical indications are expanding beyond the classic treatment of epileptic seizures to Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the systemic safety profile of zonisamide may compromise its use as a first-line drug in any clinical condition. Since zonisamide is marketed as oral formulations, the present study aimed at exploring the potential of the intranasal route to centrally administer zonisamide, evaluating the systemic bioavailability of zonisamide and comparing its brain, lung and kidney pharmacokinetics after intranasal, oral and intravenous administrations. METHODS In vitro cell studies demonstrated that zonisamide and proposed thermoreversible gels did not affect the viability of RPMI 2650 or Calu-3 cells. Thereafter, male CD-1 mice were randomly administered with zonisamide by oral (80 mg/kg), intranasal or intravenous (16.7 mg/kg) route. At predefined time points, animals were sacrificed and plasma and tissues were collected to quantify zonisamide and describe its pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Intranasal route revealed a low absolute bioavailability (54.95%) but the highest value of the ratio between the area under the curve (AUC) between brain and plasma, suggesting lower systemic adverse events and non-inferior effects in central nervous system comparatively to intravenous and oral routes. Furthermore, drug targeting efficiency and direct transport percentage into the brain were 149.54% and 33.13%, respectively, corroborating that a significant fraction of zonisamide suffers direct nose-to-brain transport. Lung and kidney exposures obtained after intranasal administration were lower than those observed after intravenous injection. CONCLUSIONS This pre-clinical investigation demonstrates a direct nose-to-brain delivery of zonisamide, which may be a promising strategy for the treatment of central diseases.
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Sulfamates in drug design and discovery: Pre-clinical and clinical investigations. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:257-271. [PMID: 31255926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present article, we reviewed the sulfamate-containing compounds reported as bioactive molecules. The possible molecular targets of sulfamate derivatives include steroid sulfatase enzyme, carbonic anhydrases, acyl transferase, and others. Sulfamate derivatives can help treat hormone-dependent tumors including breast, prostate, and endometrial cancers, Binge eating disorder, migraine, glaucoma, weight loss, and epilepsy. Sulfamate derivatives can act also as calcium sensing receptor agonists and can aid in osteoporosis. Furthermore, acyl sulfamate derivatives can act as antibacterial agents against Gram-positive bacteria. A recent study revealed a new side effect of topiramate, a sulfamate-containing compound, which is sialolithiasis. The structural and biological characteristics of the reviewed compounds are presented in detail.
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Reimers A, Ljung H. An evaluation of zonisamide, including its long-term efficacy, for the treatment of focal epilepsy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:909-915. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1595584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Reimers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Ljung
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-term use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is associated with number of somatic conditions. Data from experimental, cross-sectional and prospective studies have evidence for the deleterious effect of some AEDs on the kidney. Areas covered: This review summarized the current knowledge of the effect of AEDs on the kidney including evidence and mechanisms. Fanconi syndrome was reported with valproate (VPA) therapy in severely disabled children with epilepsy. Renal tubular acidosis and urolithiasis were reported with acetazolamide, topirmate and zonisamide, drugs with carbonic anhydrase inhibition properties. Increased levels of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) to urinary creatinine (U-NAG/UCr), urinary excretion of α1-micrglobulin, β-galactosidase activity; and urinary malondialdehyde to creatinine (MDA/Cr), markers of renal glomerular and tubular injury, were reported with chronic use of some AEDs (VPA, carbamazepine and phenytoin). The mechanism(s) of kidney dysfunction/injury induced by AEDs is unknown. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that VPA induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial deficits, carnitine deficiency and inflammation and fibrosis in renal tissue in mice and in vitro studies. Expert commentary: It seems reasonable to monitor kidney function during treating patients with epilepsy at high risk of kidney injury (e.g. on combined therapy with more than one AED, severely disabled children, etc).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherifa Ahmed Hamed
- a Department of Neurology and Psychiatry , Assiut University Hospital , Assiut , Egypt
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Buhler AV, Huynh P, Low P, Von M. Possible Drug-Associated Sialolithiasis From the Bicarbonate Anhydrase Inhibitor Topiramate: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 74:2447-2452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Halpern B, Mancini MC. Safety assessment of combination therapies in the treatment of obesity: focus on naltrexone/bupropion extended release and phentermine-topiramate extended release. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2016; 16:27-39. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1247807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Halpern
- Obesity Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio C. Mancini
- Obesity Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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VanderPluym J, Evans RW, Starling AJ. Long-Term Use and Safety of Migraine Preventive Medications. Headache 2016; 56:1335-43. [DOI: 10.1111/head.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chang KH, Wang SH, Chi CC. Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate for Essential Tremor: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1809. [PMID: 26512577 PMCID: PMC4985391 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder that is frequently treated by propranolol or primidone. However, 30% of patients with ET do not respond to either propranolol or primidone. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of topiramate for ET.We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant randomized controlled trials on the effects of topiramate for ET. A meta-analysis technique was applied to estimate the efficacy and safety of topiramate. The primary outcome was the change in the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor rating scale (TRS). The secondary outcomes included the respective change in the location, motor tasks/function and function disability scores, and adverse events.We included 3 randomized controlled trials with a total of 294 participants. Topiramate was significantly better than placebo in reducing TRS of patients with ET (mean difference [MD] -8.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] -15.46 to -1.70). Changes from the scales of upper limb tremor severity (MD -5.12, 95% CI -7.79 to -2.45), motor tasks/function (MD -5.07, 95% CI -7.12 to -3.03), and functional disability (MD -4.72, 95% CI -6.77 to -2.67) were significantly greater with topiramate than with placebo. More participants taking topiramate experienced adverse events leading to withdrawal than those taking placebo (risk difference 19%, 95% CI 11%-27%).There is consistent evidence supporting the efficacy of topiramate in treating ET; however, a significant proportion of participants withdrew due to its adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- From the College of Medicine, Chang Gung University (K-HC, C-CC); Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan (K-HC); Department of Dermatology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei (S-HW); and Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine and Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan (C-CC)
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Ansari H, Rashidi A. Topiramate and Nephrolithiasis: A Comment. Headache 2015; 55:700-1. [DOI: 10.1111/head.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ansari
- Neurology & Neuroscience Associates (NNA) - Headache Center; Akron Ohio USA
| | - Arash Rashidi
- University Hospitals, Case Medical Center - Nephrology; Cleveland Ohio USA
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Vécsei L, Majláth Z, Szok D, Csáti A, Tajti J. Drug safety and tolerability in prophylactic migraine treatment. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2015; 14:667-81. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1014797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- László Vécsei
- 1University of Szeged, Department of Neurology, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary ;
- 2University of Szeged, Department of Neurology, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- 3MTA – SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Majláth
- 4University of Szeged, Department of Neurology, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Délia Szok
- 5University of Szeged, Department of Neurology, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anett Csáti
- 4University of Szeged, Department of Neurology, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Tajti
- 5University of Szeged, Department of Neurology, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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